standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | negative visuospatial priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioural-experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Rats that could not acquire stable performance had to be dropped, reducing the sample. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The task's whole-body response makes it insensitive to the tens-of-milliseconds latency effects that carry negative priming in humans. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | No animal model, including this one, can capture the full neurobiology of the varied forms of Tourette syndrome. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | the Yerkes-Dodson inverted-U law, imported to explain why the same amphetamine dose helps low-NP and harms high-NP rats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | target and non-target locations varied pseudorandomly, equal counts per location per session, with location unpredictable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a location bias and an anticipation strategy - the same design as the 2015 sister paper, and the same two-part justification · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | negative priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: negative priming | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | inhibitory information processing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inhibitory information processing | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Tourette syndrome Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Tourette syndrome | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | prime duration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: prime duration | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | amphetamine Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: amphetamine | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | NEGATIVE PRIMING - a priming effect defined as a LOSS, and defined as the NORMAL one: `Quotation withheld` Second record tonight whose priming effect harms performance (after Keane2015's costs), and the first where the harm is the healthy result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | LESS PRIMING IS THE DEFICIT - the direction that inverts everything. `TS subjects exhibit diminished NP`, so a smaller effect is the pathological finding and a larger one is intact function. Any summary that treats priming magnitude as one quantity with a good direction gets this record backwards, and the corpus contains many records where more priming is the notable result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | PRIMING AS A PROGNOSTIC INDEX - `their NP levels predict their response to behavioral therapy`. Not a phenomenon under study, not an instrument for probing representations, but a clinical measurement used to forecast treatment outcome. A fourth job for the word in this corpus, alongside phenomenon, instrument and paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE EFFECT ONLY APPEARS UNDER CHALLENGE, which is a fact about the animal model rather than about the animals: `During the short prime challenge, rats exhibited lower accuracy in NP vs. baseline trials`. A 0.25 s prime was needed to make the phenomenon measurable at all, and the same duration was then carried into the drug study. A translational model whose sensitivity had to be engineered into the timing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → the human visuospatial priming task of Tipper (1985) and Swerdlow et al. (1996) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | Tourette syndrome —causes→ negative priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: reduces · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: 'reduces' is correct and reads backwards without the sense rows: the reduction is a reduction OF A REDUCTION. Negative priming is itself a performance loss, and Tourette patients show LESS of it - so less priming is the pathological direction here. also in: Tourette syndrome · negative priming | concept_edges[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | interaction effect (factorial analysis) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Latin square counterbalanced design Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Latin square counterbalanced design | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rats trained on the new task showed a robust negative priming effect, performing worse when the target appeared where the distractor had just been. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The authors report this as the first rodent paradigm measuring visuospatial priming. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A shorter prime duration made the negative priming effect stronger. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Lengthening the prime from 0.5 s to 1 s weakened negative priming, the mirror image of the short-prime result. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The degree of negative priming appears to be a stable trait of each animal. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Amphetamine abolished negative priming at every dose in rats that showed strong drug-free priming. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In rats the negative priming effect was most robust in response accuracy, with lower accuracy on negative-priming trials than on baseline trials. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Amphetamine significantly increased premature responses at all doses. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | negative priming (NP) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: negative priming (NP) | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | inhibitory information processing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inhibitory information processing | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | accuracy priming value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: accuracy priming value | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | correct response latency priming value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | high NP and low NP rats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: high NP and low NP rats | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | convergent validity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: convergent validity | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | negative priming trial Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: negative priming trial | content_tags.definitions[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | baseline trial Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: baseline trial | content_tags.definitions[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | prime stimulus duration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: prime stimulus duration | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | AMPH dose Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: AMPH dose | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | trial type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: trial type | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | response accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response accuracy | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | latency to correct response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: latency to correct response | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | premature responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: premature responses | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | priming level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: priming level | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | body weight Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: body weight | content_tags.variables[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 13 of 16 — final sample after three rats failed to reach stable task performance and were excluded Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg — d-amphetamine doses given subcutaneously 10 min before testing, in a counterbalanced within-subject design Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.5 s to 0.25 s — the reduction in prime stimulus duration that produced the most robust negative priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 5 Hz — flicker rate of the non-target distractor light, distinguishing it from the continuous target light Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.5 s for seven rats, 0.75 s for three rats, 1 s for one rat, and 1.5 s for two rats — the shortest probe stimulus duration each rat could sustain at criterion performance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | around 15 sessions — average training needed to reach criterion on the visual discrimination stage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 90% — proportion of free-feeding body weight at which rats were maintained by food restriction throughout testing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.