Local category-specific gamma band responses in the visual cortex do not reflect conscious perception

Aru, Axmacher, Do Lam, Fell, Elger, Singer, Melloni · The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012 · neuroscience · 10.1523/jneurosci.2051-12.2012 · record Aru2012-local-category-specific-gamma-band-responses
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim type is 'null-result': the decisive datum is the absence of any previous-exposure effect on gamma band responses despite a matched behavioural effect (a post hoc power analysis is reported to show the null is not a detection failure). The paper is simultaneously a critique of the local-NCC position ('Quotation withheld'), so 'critique' would be a defensible second tag. Replication status is 'contested' because the paper both reproduces Fisch et al.'s contrastive effect and reaches the opposite conclusion about its interpretation - the two relations are recorded separately (replicates the contrast, contradicts the conclusion). Note the quoted method sentence is the paradigm description; six epilepsy patients (62 artefact-free electrodes) plus 24 healthy controls and an 8-subject rating-scale control provided the behavioural replication. 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.
How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
false discovery rate 6 fields · standard deviation 3 fields · neural correlates of consciousness 2 fields · anesthesia 2 fields · statistical power 2 fields · SEM 2 fields · and 1 more →

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 23 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
neural correlates of consciousness conscious perception gamma band responses hGBR lGBR sensory evidence previous exposure prior knowledge contrastive method prerequisites long-range integration category-specific person-selective repetition suppression catch images degradation subjective task objective task visual cortex fusiform gyrus lateral occipital cortex intracranial EEG anesthesia Category-specific gamma indexes local sensory processing that is a necessary precondition for conscious perception rather than its direct correlate Stronger local preprocessing raises the probability that a stimulus reaches awareness, which manufactures a correlation between gamma and 'seen' reports without gamma causing awareness Differences in unconscious local processing propagate into different conscious outcomes, so local responses can correlate with awareness while being prerequisites of it Morlet wavelets false discovery rate Wilcoxon rank-sum test Monte Carlo simulations epileptogenic foci body-selective areas familiarization phase power catch trials percentage of “seen” responses relative power MNI coordinates repeated-measures ANOVA repeated-measures ANOVA with factors previous exposure t-test nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test false discovery rate correction corrected for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate Monte Carlo simulation Post hoc power analysis was done with Monte Carlo simulations statistical power power corresponds to the proportion of comparisons the Wilcoxon test correctly identifies standard error of the mean Error bars indicate SEM standard deviation Post hoc power analysis F SEM electrophysiology

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second readingalternativesan independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other workclaim_relationshow this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contributioncontributionwhat the paper claims to add
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanismmechanismshow the reported effect is said to come about
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
object of studyobject_of_studywhat the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
research questionresearch_questionthe question the paper sets itself
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfertransfersa method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2051-12.2012. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 10 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 12 · content_tags 76 · contribution 1 · controls 1 · limitations 8 · mechanisms 14 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 6 · transfers 3

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 12 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facettagfieldconf.whose words
object_of_studywhether category-specific gamma band responses in higher-order visual cortex are a direct neural correlate of conscious perception or a prerequisite for it
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object_of_studythe paper's words
research_questionif local gamma band responses reflect conscious perception, do they follow it however it is brought about
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research_questionthe paper's words
contributionshows that two manipulations which raise conscious perception equally are not equally reflected in gamma band responses — only sensory evidence is — and concludes local gamma is not the correlate of consciousness
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contributionthe paper's words
claim_typenull-result
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claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenonneural correlates of conscious visual perception
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phenomenonthe paper's words
methodelectrophysiology
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methodthe paper's words
mechanismsmechanisms
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mechanisms[0]the tagger's words
mechanismsmechanisms
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mechanisms[1]the tagger's words
mechanismsmechanisms
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mechanisms[2]the tagger's words
mechanismsthe criterion is invariance, not correlation: a correlate of consciousness must move whenever consciousness moves, whatever moved it
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mechanisms[3]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe disconfirmation rests on that invariance failing, which is why a single dissociation is enough to reject the proposal
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mechanisms[4]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismstwo routes to the same behavioural endpoint are engineered — one that runs through local processing and one that does not — so the neural measure can be asked to choose
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mechanisms[5]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe equivalence of the two routes is established behaviourally first, across three separate samples, because the whole argument collapses if one manipulation is simply stronger
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mechanisms[6]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe null is defended by Monte Carlo power simulation rather than asserted, showing the test would have caught a 30% shift
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mechanisms[7]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe electrode selection contrast is chosen so that neither experimental factor can contaminate it — same degradation, neither group previously seen
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mechanisms[8]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe disputed study's own frequency band is analysed unchanged so the comparison is direct, and only then extended
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mechanisms[9]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismscatch trials containing only background give an independent check that the subjective report is trustworthy before it is used as the criterion
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mechanisms[10]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe rival explanation for the null — repetition suppression cancelling an enhancement — is closed with a boundary condition from the literature: repetition of degraded images enhances rather than suppresses
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mechanisms[11]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsimages are rotated through every condition across patients so no result can be an artefact of particular pictures
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mechanisms[12]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe within-subject reply to 'sensory evidence is just stronger' is that even patients for whom exposure mattered more behaviourally showed only the sensory effect neurally
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mechanisms[13]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsElectrode coverage did not permit testing the alternative account, that long-range integration rather than local gamma tracks conscious perception.
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limitations[0]the tagger's words
limitationsWhether the two manipulations affect interareal integration in the same way is left open.
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limitations[1]the tagger's words
limitationsthe alternative the paper favours — long-range integration — could not be tested with the electrodes available
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limitations[2]1.0the tagger's words
limitationswhether the two manipulations affect interareal integration equally is unknown, so the positive account is untested
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duplicate of: limitations[1]
limitations[3]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsonly one electrode showed a low-gamma effect surviving correction, so the low-band comparison with the disputed study rests on uncorrected effects
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limitations[4]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsthe frequency comparison with the disputed study is partly inference, since that study did not analyse above 70 Hz
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limitations[5]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsfull randomisation held for only four of the six patients
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limitations[6]0.95the tagger's words
limitationsthe integration account is left standing rather than supported, pending paradigms of this kind applied to it
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limitations[7]0.95the tagger's words
transfersMorlet wavelet convolution at roughly six cycles, used to resolve gamma power in time without committing to fixed epochs
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transfers[0]0.95the tagger's words
transfersMonte Carlo resampling used not to test the hypothesis but to establish that the reported null had the power to have found an effect
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transfers[1]1.0the tagger's words
transfersfalse discovery rate control applied across the full electrode-by-time grid, which is what lets the per-electrode table be read as a whole
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transfers[2]0.95the tagger's words
controlsthe pictures containing a person were PSEUDORANDOMISED across four patients, so that each picture was assigned to every condition exactly once
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eliminates: picture-specific effects - any gamma-band response peculiar to one image is spread across all conditions instead of loading onto one, so it cannot be read as category selectivity · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[0]0.95the tagger's words
sensesneural correlate — as anything that covaries with report, versus as the process uniquely and directly associated with the experience; the paper's whole case turns on the second
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senses[0]1.0the tagger's words
sensesgamma band response — low (30–70 Hz) versus high (70–150 Hz); the paper argues they are one broadband process seen more strongly at high frequencies
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senses[1]1.0the tagger's words
sensesconscious perception — as the subjective report of seeing versus as the objective gender discrimination; both are collected and the analysis rests on the first
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senses[2]1.0the tagger's words
sensesenhancing perception — by adding stimulus information versus by adding prior knowledge; behaviourally equivalent here, neurally not
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senses[3]1.0the tagger's words
sensesconsciousness arising locally in sensory cortices versus requiring integration across areas — the controversy the paper is intervening in
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senses[4]1.0the tagger's words
sensesan effect that is corrected across electrodes and times versus one that is uncorrected; Table 1 reports both and the argument uses them differently
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senses[5]0.9the tagger's words
alternativesclaim_type: null-result
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a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: null-result — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.claim_typethe tagger's words
alternativesmethod: intracranial EEG over occipital and temporal visual cortex while conscious perception is raised two independent ways — lower image degradation, and prior exposure to the clear image — with the two first shown behaviourally equivalent
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.methodthe tagger's words
alternativesphenomenon: conscious perception of a degraded image, and its dissociation from local category-specific cortical processing
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: neural correlates of conscious visual perception — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.phenomenonthe tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → Fisch et al. (2009), the finding that local category-specific gamma band responses in visual cortex mark conscious perception
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claim_relations[0]the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → Fisch et al. (2009) - electrode-selection procedure and analysed frequency range adopted for direct comparability
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claim_relations[1]the tagger's words
claim_relationsreplicates → Fisch et al. (2009) - the contrastive seen-versus-unseen gamma band enhancement
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claim_relations[2]the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → Aru et al. (2012) and de Graaf et al. (2012), the argument that standard NCC methods confound prerequisites and consequences of consciousness
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claim_relations[3]the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → Fisch et al. (2009), that category-specific gamma in visual cortex correlates with and marks conscious perception
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claim_relations[4]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationscritiques → the contrastive method as used throughout consciousness research
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claim_relations[5]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationssupports → theories grounding consciousness in long-range integration rather than local processing depth
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claim_relations[6]0.9the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → Gray and Singer (1989), that stimulus-specific gamma persists under anesthesia
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claim_relations[7]0.95the tagger's words
claim_relationscritiques → neuroimaging evidence for local accounts, as too slow to see the dynamics at issue
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claim_relations[8]0.95the tagger's words
claim_relationsextends → the authors' own theoretical critique of NCC methodology (Aru et al., 2012), by turning it into an experiment
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claim_relations[9]0.95the tagger's words
concept_edgesgamma band responses —distinct-from→ neural correlates of consciousness
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strength of the relation: 0.95 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes that gamma responses do not 'reflect conscious perception', not 'neural correlates of consciousness'; distinct-from is loose.
concept_edges[0]the tagger's words
concept_edgesgamma band responses —is-a→ prerequisites
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strength of the relation: 0.8 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span calls local processing a necessary prerequisite for conscious perception; is-a 'prerequisites' is loose.
concept_edges[1]the tagger's words
concept_edgessensory evidence —contrasted-with→ previous exposure
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strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but sensory evidence and previous exposure are the TWO FACTORS that controlled visibility; contrasted-with is loose.
concept_edges[2]the tagger's words
concept_edgesEVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · sensory evidence —causes→ gamma band responses
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EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span said hGBR rather than the endpoint's own name. This sentence names both and states the dependence in its careful form - gamma band responses 'SOLELY reflected sensory evidence', while subjective reports were modulated by two things. — strength of the relation: 0.95
concept_edges[3]the tagger's words
concept_edgesEVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN) · previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception
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EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN. The old span named neither term - it described what subjects reported. This sentence names both and states the DESIGN: 'a new experimental paradigm in which CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION…'. The causal claim is the manipulation, not an observed association. — strength of the relation: 0.95 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'reported to perceive', not 'conscious perception'.
concept_edges[4]the tagger's words
concept_edgessensory evidence —operationalised-as→ degradation
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strength of the relation: 1
concept_edges[6]the tagger's words
concept_edgesEVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · conscious perception —operationalised-as→ subjective task
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EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span described the subjective task without naming conscious perception. This sentence names both and says WHY the task stands for the concept: it addresses the neural profile correlating with subjective reports about conscious perception. — strength of the relation: 1
concept_edges[7]the tagger's words
concept_edgeslong-range integration —same-as→ neural correlates of consciousness
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strength of the relation: 0.6 — the record marks this weak Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but theories PROPOSE that conscious experience is grounded in long-range integration; same-as is loose and attributed.
concept_edges[8]the tagger's words
concept_edgesRETRACTED ('part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE) · hGBR —same-as→ lGBR
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RETRACTED: 'part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE. The edge is 'hGBR --same-as--> lGBR'. The span: '…that lGBR and hGBR are part of the same broadband process…' Two things being parts of one process does not make them each other - and the relation the sentence states is available in the vocabulary, as two 'part-of' edges to the broadband process, which would also preserve the third term the identity edge deletes. THE AUTHOR DECLINES THE IDENTITY IN THE SAME BREATH, and the tag is stronger than the sentence it quotes. 'Suggesting' is the authors reporting what a figure is consistent with, not what they have shown. — strength of the relation: 0.8 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says the result is 'SUGGESTING' lGBR and hGBR are part of the same broadband process; same-as is hedged.
also in: hGBR · lGBR
concept_edges[9]the tagger's words
concept_edgesperson-selective —operationalised-as→ catch images
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strength of the relation: 0.95 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but person-selectivity was judged by COMPARISON WITH catch images; operationalised-as is loose.
concept_edges[10]the tagger's words
concept_edgesgamma band responses —distinct-from→ conscious perception
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strength of the relation: 0.9 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but local gamma increases 'MIGHT thus reflect' unconscious processing; distinct-from is hedged.
concept_edges[11]the tagger's words
concept_edgesprevious exposure —causes→ conscious perception
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strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named NEITHER endpoint.
concept_edges[15]0.9the tagger's words
content_tagsrepeated-measures ANOVA
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content_tags.statistics[0]the tagger's words
content_tagst-test
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also in: t-test
content_tags.statistics[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon rank-sum test
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content_tags.statistics[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsfalse discovery rate correction
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content_tags.statistics[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsMonte Carlo simulation
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content_tags.statistics[4]the tagger's words
content_tagsstatistical power
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content_tags.statistics[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsstandard error of the mean
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content_tags.statistics[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsstandard deviation
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content_tags.statistics[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsrepeated-measures ANOVA
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content_tags.statistics[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon rank-sum test
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content_tags.statistics[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsfalse discovery rate
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content_tags.statistics[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsPost hoc power analysis
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content_tags.statistics[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsMonte Carlo simulations
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content_tags.statistics[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsF
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also in: F
content_tags.statistics[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsSEM
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also in: SEM
content_tags.statistics[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsBoth experimental routes to conscious perception worked: reducing image degradation and having previously seen the image each raised the rate of 'seen' reports.
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content_tags.findings[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe two manipulations boosted subjective visibility to a statistically indistinguishable degree and did not interact.
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content_tags.findings[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsIn the larger sample of healthy controls, previous exposure and sensory evidence each significantly affected subjective perception.
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content_tags.findings[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsCategory-specific gamma responses were larger on trials where the person was reported seen, replicating the earlier result the study set out to test.
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content_tags.findings[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsHigh-gamma responses were modulated by sensory evidence on 6 of 7 person-specific electrodes, and none of them by previous exposure.
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content_tags.findings[4]the tagger's words
content_tagsA post hoc power analysis showed the null effect of previous exposure was not a detection failure.
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content_tags.findings[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsLow and high gamma effects formed one continuous broadband response starting near 50 Hz rather than two distinct phenomena.
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content_tags.findings[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsBecause local gamma does not track conscious perception invariantly across the two routes to it, it cannot be the mechanism directly responsible for conscious perception.
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content_tags.findings[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsboth lower degradation and prior exposure raised the proportion of trials where a person was reported seen
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content_tags.findings[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe two manipulations boosted subjective perception to a statistically indistinguishable degree, with no interaction
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content_tags.findings[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsin 24 healthy controls both previous exposure and sensory evidence significantly affected subjective perception
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content_tags.findings[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsand again in eight subjects using an 11-point perceptual rating scale rather than a yes/no report
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content_tags.findings[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsgamma tracked sensory evidence on 6 of 7 person-specific electrodes and prior exposure on none
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content_tags.findings[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe population analysis agreed: sensory evidence significant from 100 to 450 ms, previous exposure at p > 0.2 in every window
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content_tags.findings[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe null was not a power failure — the test had 0.94 power to detect a 30% change uncorrected, 0.9 corrected
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content_tags.findings[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe paper did replicate the original positive result: gamma was higher on trials where the person was consciously perceived, on 5 of 7 electrodes
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content_tags.findings[15]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsperson-specific gamma appeared on 7 electrodes across 5 patients, all on lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus
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content_tags.findings[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe person-vs-background difference ran from about 50 Hz upward, indicating one broadband process rather than two bands
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content_tags.findings[17]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsfalse alarms on background-only catch trials averaged 1.5 of 44, so the visibility reports were reliable
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content_tags.findings[18]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsneural correlates of consciousness
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content_tags.definitions[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsgamma band responses
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content_tags.definitions[1]the tagger's words
content_tagscontrastive method
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content_tags.definitions[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsperson-selective
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content_tags.definitions[5]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagscontrastive method
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content_tags.definitions[6]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsSensory evidence
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content_tags.definitions[7]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsPrevious exposure
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content_tags.definitions[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagspower
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also in: power
content_tags.definitions[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsfamiliarization phase
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content_tags.definitions[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagscatch trials
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also in: catch trials
content_tags.variables[4]the tagger's words
content_tagssensory evidence
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content_tags.variables[7]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsprevious exposure
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content_tags.variables[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagspercentage of “seen” responses
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content_tags.variables[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagshGBR
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also in: hGBR
content_tags.variables[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsrelative power
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content_tags.variables[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsMNI coordinates
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content_tags.variables[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags6 — epilepsy patients with intracranial electrodes who performed the main experiment
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content_tags.quantities[0]the tagger's words
content_tags62 — electrodes free of epileptic activity that entered the analysis
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content_tags.quantities[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsseven — electrodes showing person-specific high gamma enhancement, in five patients
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content_tags.quantities[2]the tagger's words
content_tags85% (6/7) — person-specific electrodes whose high gamma tracked sensory evidence, versus none for previous exposure
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content_tags.quantities[3]the tagger's words
content_tags70% (5/7) — person-specific electrodes showing sustained gamma on consciously perceived trials
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content_tags.quantities[4]the tagger's words
content_tags0.94 and 0.9 — statistical power to detect a 30% change, uncorrected and corrected
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content_tags.quantities[5]the tagger's words
content_tags24 — healthy control subjects in the psychophysical replication
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content_tags.quantities[6]the tagger's words
content_tags60% to 90% in 5% steps — range of image noise levels used to titrate visibility
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content_tags.quantities[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsForty-four — trials acquired per experimental condition in the patient experiment
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content_tags.quantities[8]the tagger's words
content_tagssix patients — intracranial sample
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content_tags.quantities[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags24 healthy human subjects — psychophysical control sample
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content_tags.quantities[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags62 electrodes — contacts free of epileptic activity that were examined
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content_tags.quantities[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags7 electrodes, 5 patients — person-specific electrodes found
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content_tags.quantities[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags85% (6/7) — person-specific electrodes modulated by sensory evidence
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content_tags.quantities[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags70% (5/7) — person-specific electrodes showing higher gamma on consciously perceived trials
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content_tags.quantities[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags0.94 and 0.9 — statistical power to detect a 30% change, uncorrected and corrected
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content_tags.quantities[15]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags30–70 Hz and 70–150 Hz — the low and high gamma ranges analysed
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content_tags.quantities[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags150 ms — duration of the degraded image presentation
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content_tags.quantities[17]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags100–500 ms — the post-stimulus analysis window, split into eight 50 ms bins
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content_tags.quantities[18]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags60% to 90% in 5% steps — the noise levels used to degrade images
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content_tags.quantities[19]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags∼70% — the recognition performance the individual degradation thresholds targeted
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content_tags.quantities[20]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags148 pictures, 22 catch images — the patient stimulus set
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content_tags.quantities[21]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags44 trials per condition — trials acquired per condition in the patients
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content_tags.quantities[22]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags11 experimental blocks — blocks in the main experiment, each with a familiarization and a test phase
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content_tags.quantities[23]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsmean 1.5, SD 2.3 — false alarms on the 44 background-only catch trials
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content_tags.quantities[24]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags−400 to −100 ms — the prestimulus baseline for power normalisation
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content_tags.quantities[25]1.0the tagger's words

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