phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | neural correlates of conscious visual perception— “One central controversy in consciousness research is whether conscious perception arises locally from activity in sensory cortices ( Zeki, 2001 ; Malach, 2007 ) or whether it requires integration across brain areas ( Tononi and Koch, 2008 ; Melloni and Singer, 2010 ; Dehaene and Changeux, 2011 ).” | |
| claim-type | null-result— “In contrast, we observed that although subjective reports were modulated both by sensory evidence and by previous exposure, gamma band responses solely reflected sensory evidence.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Here we directly address this issue by developing a new experimental paradigm in which conscious perception is modulated either by sensory evidence or by previous exposure of the images while recording intracranial EEG from the higher-order visual cortex of human epilepsy patients.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Here we directly address this issue by developing a new experimental paradigm in which conscious perception is modulated either by sensory evidence or by previous exposure of the images while recording intracranial EEG from the higher-order visual cortex of human epilepsy patients.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “A clear prediction is that neural processes directly reflecting conscious perception should be present regardless of how it comes about.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “In contrast, we observed that although subjective reports were modulated both by sensory evidence and by previous exposure, gamma band responses solely reflected sensory evidence.” | |
| transfer | from signal processing / wavelet analysis: Morlet wavelet convolution at roughly six cycles, used to resolve gamma power in time without committing to fixed epochs— “For each trial, bipolar derivations were analyzed in the time–frequency domain by convolution with complex Gaussian Morlet wavelets with a bandwidth parameter f 0 /σ f = 6, i.e., wavelets of approximately six cycles length.” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from computational statistics: Monte Carlo resampling used not to test the hypothesis but to establish that the reported null had the power to have found an effect— “Post hoc power analysis was done with Monte Carlo simulations.” | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from multiple-comparison methodology: false discovery rate control applied across the full electrode-by-time grid, which is what lets the per-electrode table be read as a whole— “Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate across all time windows and electrodes.” | transfers[2] |
| mechanism | Category-specific gamma indexes local sensory processing that is a necessary precondition for conscious perception rather than its direct correlate— “Thus, an alternative explanation for the findings of Fisch et al. (2009) is that category-specific GBRs in sensory cortices reflect local processing, which is a necessary prerequisite for but not the direct correlate of conscious perception.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Stronger local preprocessing raises the probability that a stimulus reaches awareness, which manufactures a correlation between gamma and 'seen' reports without gamma causing awareness— “In other words, in a paradigm such as used by Fisch et al. (2009) , it cannot be ruled out that the enhanced GBR just reflected more effective preprocessing of stimuli that enhanced the chances of these stimuli to get perceived consciously.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Differences in unconscious local processing propagate into different conscious outcomes, so local responses can correlate with awareness while being prerequisites of it— “In typical experimental paradigms, differences in local unconscious processing might lead to different outcomes regarding conscious perception, and therefore, specific local responses can correlate with conscious perception without necessarily being direct correlates of conscious experience.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | the criterion is invariance, not correlation: a correlate of consciousness must move whenever consciousness moves, whatever moved it— “A clear prediction is that neural processes directly reflecting conscious perception should be present regardless of how it comes about.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | the disconfirmation rests on that invariance failing, which is why a single dissociation is enough to reject the proposal— “It is this lack of invariance of the local GBR that makes it unlikely that GBR reflect a mechanism directly responsible for conscious perception.” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | two routes to the same behavioural endpoint are engineered — one that runs through local processing and one that does not — so the neural measure can be asked to choose— “we manipulated conscious perception in two different ways: either by changing the amount of sensory evidence, which directly modulates local… | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | the equivalence of the two routes is established behaviourally first, across three separate samples, because the whole argument collapses if one manipulation is simply stronger | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | the null is defended by Monte Carlo power simulation rather than asserted, showing the test would have caught a 30% shift Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[7] |
| mechanism | the electrode selection contrast is chosen so that neither experimental factor can contaminate it — same degradation, neither group previously seen Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[8] |
| mechanism | the disputed study's own frequency band is analysed unchanged so the comparison is direct, and only then extended Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[9] |
| mechanism | catch trials containing only background give an independent check that the subjective report is trustworthy before it is used as the criterion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[10] |
| mechanism | the rival explanation for the null — repetition suppression cancelling an enhancement — is closed with a boundary condition from the literature: repetition of degraded images enhances rather than suppresses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[11] |
| mechanism | images are rotated through every condition across patients so no result can be an artefact of particular pictures Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[12] |
| mechanism | the within-subject reply to 'sensory evidence is just stronger' is that even patients for whom exposure mattered more behaviourally showed only the sensory effect neurally Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[13] |
| contradicts | Fisch et al. (2009), the finding that local category-specific gamma band responses in visual cortex mark conscious perception Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Fisch et al. (2009) - electrode-selection procedure and analysed frequency range adopted for direct comparability Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| replicates | Fisch et al. (2009) - the contrastive seen-versus-unseen gamma band enhancement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| builds-on | Aru et al. (2012) and de Graaf et al. (2012), the argument that standard NCC methods confound prerequisites and consequences of consciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| contradicts | Fisch et al. (2009), that category-specific gamma in visual cortex correlates with and marks conscious perception Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| critiques | the contrastive method as used throughout consciousness research Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| supports | theories grounding consciousness in long-range integration rather than local processing depth Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| builds-on | Gray and Singer (1989), that stimulus-specific gamma persists under anesthesia Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[7] |
| critiques | neuroimaging evidence for local accounts, as too slow to see the dynamics at issue Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[8] |
| extends | the authors' own theoretical critique of NCC methodology (Aru et al., 2012), by turning it into an experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[9] |
| sense | neural correlate — as anything that covaries with report, versus as the process uniquely and directly associated with the experience; the paper's whole case turns on the second Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | gamma band response — low (30–70 Hz) versus high (70–150 Hz); the paper argues they are one broadband process seen more strongly at high frequencies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | conscious perception — as the subjective report of seeing versus as the objective gender discrimination; both are collected and the analysis rests on the first Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | enhancing perception — by adding stimulus information versus by adding prior knowledge; behaviourally equivalent here, neurally not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | consciousness arising locally in sensory cortices versus requiring integration across areas — the controversy the paper is intervening in Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | an effect that is corrected across electrodes and times versus one that is uncorrected; Table 1 reports both and the argument uses them differently Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| control | the pictures containing a person were PSEUDORANDOMISED across four patients, so that each picture was assigned to every condition exactly once — held — rules out picture-specific effects - any gamma-band response peculiar to one image is spread across all conditions instead of loading onto one, so it cannot be read as category selectivity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| audit | gamma band responses —distinct-from→ neural correlates of consciousness — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes that gamma responses do not 'reflect conscious perception', not 'neural correlates of consciousness'; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| weight | gamma band responses —distinct-from→ neural correlates of consciousness — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | gamma band responses —is-a→ prerequisites — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span calls local processing a necessary prerequisite for conscious perception; is-a 'prerequisites' is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | gamma band responses —is-a→ prerequisites — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | sensory evidence —contrasted-with→ previous exposure — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but sensory evidence and previous exposure are the TWO FACTORS that controlled visibility; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · sensory evidence —causes→ gamma band responses — RE-GROUNDED. The old span said hGBR rather than the endpoint's own name. This sentence names both and states the dependence in its careful form - gamma band responses 'SOLELY reflected sensory evidence', while subjective reports were modulated by two things. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · sensory evidence —causes→ gamma band responses — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN) · previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'reported to perceive', not 'conscious perception'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN) · previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception — RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN. The old span named neither term - it described what subjects reported. This sentence names both and states the DESIGN: 'a new experimental paradigm in which CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION…'. The causal claim is the manipulation, not an observed association. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| weight | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED FROM A NEITHER-ENDPOINT SPAN) · previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| edge | sensory evidence —operationalised-as→ degradation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · conscious perception —operationalised-as→ subjective task — RE-GROUNDED. The old span described the subjective task without naming conscious perception. This sentence names both and says WHY the task stands for the concept: it addresses the neural profile correlating with subjective reports about conscious perception. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| audit | long-range integration —same-as→ neural correlates of consciousness — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but theories PROPOSE that conscious experience is grounded in long-range integration; same-as is loose and attributed. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[8] |
| weight | long-range integration —same-as→ neural correlates of consciousness — 0.6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[8] |
| audit | RETRACTED ('part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE) · hGBR —same-as→ lGBR — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says the result is 'SUGGESTING' lGBR and hGBR are part of the same broadband process; same-as is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| retracted | RETRACTED ('part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE) · hGBR —same-as→ lGBR — 'part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE. The edge is 'hGBR --same-as--> lGBR'. The span: '…that lGBR and hGBR are part of the same broadband process…' Two things being parts of one process does not make them each other - and the relation the sentence states is available in the vocabulary, as two 'part-of' edges to the broadband process, which would also preserve the third term the identity edge deletes. THE AUTHOR DECLINES THE IDENTITY IN THE SAME BREATH, and the tag is stronger than the sentence it quotes. 'Suggesting' is the authors reporting what a figure is consistent with, not what they have shown. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| weight | RETRACTED ('part of the same X' IS 'part-of', AND THE SCHEMA HAS THAT TYPE) · hGBR —same-as→ lGBR — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| audit | person-selective —operationalised-as→ catch images — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but person-selectivity was judged by COMPARISON WITH catch images; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| weight | person-selective —operationalised-as→ catch images — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| audit | gamma band responses —distinct-from→ conscious perception — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but local gamma increases 'MIGHT thus reflect' unconscious processing; distinct-from is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| weight | gamma band responses —distinct-from→ conscious perception — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| note | previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception — RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named NEITHER endpoint. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[15] |
| weight | previous exposure —causes→ conscious perception — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[15] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[1] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| replication | contested | |
| limitation | Electrode coverage did not permit testing the alternative account, that long-range integration rather than local gamma tracks conscious perception. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Whether the two manipulations affect interareal integration in the same way is left open. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | the alternative the paper favours — long-range integration — could not be tested with the electrodes available Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | whether the two manipulations affect interareal integration equally is unknown, so the positive account is untested Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | only one electrode showed a low-gamma effect surviving correction, so the low-band comparison with the disputed study rests on uncorrected effects Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the frequency comparison with the disputed study is partly inference, since that study did not analyse above 70 Hz Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | full randomisation held for only four of the six patients Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the integration account is left standing rather than supported, pending paradigms of this kind applied to it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Both experimental routes to conscious perception worked: reducing image degradation and having previously seen the image each raised the rate of 'seen' reports. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The two manipulations boosted subjective visibility to a statistically indistinguishable degree and did not interact. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | In the larger sample of healthy controls, previous exposure and sensory evidence each significantly affected subjective perception. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Category-specific gamma responses were larger on trials where the person was reported seen, replicating the earlier result the study set out to test. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | High-gamma responses were modulated by sensory evidence on 6 of 7 person-specific electrodes, and none of them by previous exposure. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | A post hoc power analysis showed the null effect of previous exposure was not a detection failure. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Low and high gamma effects formed one continuous broadband response starting near 50 Hz rather than two distinct phenomena. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Because local gamma does not track conscious perception invariantly across the two routes to it, it cannot be the mechanism directly responsible for conscious perception. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | both lower degradation and prior exposure raised the proportion of trials where a person was reported seen Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | the two manipulations boosted subjective perception to a statistically indistinguishable degree, with no interaction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | in 24 healthy controls both previous exposure and sensory evidence significantly affected subjective perception Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | and again in eight subjects using an 11-point perceptual rating scale rather than a yes/no report Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | gamma tracked sensory evidence on 6 of 7 person-specific electrodes and prior exposure on none Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | the population analysis agreed: sensory evidence significant from 100 to 450 ms, previous exposure at p > 0.2 in every window Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the null was not a power failure — the test had 0.94 power to detect a 30% change uncorrected, 0.9 corrected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | the paper did replicate the original positive result: gamma was higher on trials where the person was consciously perceived, on 5 of 7 electrodes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | person-specific gamma appeared on 7 electrodes across 5 patients, all on lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | the person-vs-background difference ran from about 50 Hz upward, indicating one broadband process rather than two bands Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | false alarms on background-only catch trials averaged 1.5 of 44, so the visibility reports were reliable Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| quantity | 6 — epilepsy patients with intracranial electrodes who performed the main experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 62 — electrodes free of epileptic activity that entered the analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | seven — electrodes showing person-specific high gamma enhancement, in five patients Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 85% (6/7) — person-specific electrodes whose high gamma tracked sensory evidence, versus none for previous exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 70% (5/7) — person-specific electrodes showing sustained gamma on consciously perceived trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 0.94 and 0.9 — statistical power to detect a 30% change, uncorrected and corrected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 24 — healthy control subjects in the psychophysical replication Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 60% to 90% in 5% steps — range of image noise levels used to titrate visibility Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | Forty-four — trials acquired per experimental condition in the patient experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | six patients — intracranial sample Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 24 healthy human subjects — psychophysical control sample Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 62 electrodes — contacts free of epileptic activity that were examined Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 7 electrodes, 5 patients — person-specific electrodes found Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 85% (6/7) — person-specific electrodes modulated by sensory evidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 70% (5/7) — person-specific electrodes showing higher gamma on consciously perceived trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 0.94 and 0.9 — statistical power to detect a 30% change, uncorrected and corrected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| quantity | 30–70 Hz and 70–150 Hz — the low and high gamma ranges analysed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[16] |
| quantity | 150 ms — duration of the degraded image presentation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[17] |
| quantity | 100–500 ms — the post-stimulus analysis window, split into eight 50 ms bins Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[18] |
| quantity | 60% to 90% in 5% steps — the noise levels used to degrade images Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[19] |
| quantity | ∼70% — the recognition performance the individual degradation thresholds targeted Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[20] |
| quantity | 148 pictures, 22 catch images — the patient stimulus set Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[21] |
| quantity | 44 trials per condition — trials acquired per condition in the patients Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[22] |
| quantity | 11 experimental blocks — blocks in the main experiment, each with a familiarization and a test phase Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[23] |
| quantity | mean 1.5, SD 2.3 — false alarms on the 44 background-only catch trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[24] |
| quantity | −400 to −100 ms — the prestimulus baseline for power normalisation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[25] |
| variable | catch trials (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | sensory evidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | previous exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | percentage of “seen” responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | hGBR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | relative power Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| variable | MNI coordinates Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[12] |
| definition | neural correlates of consciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | gamma band responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | contrastive method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | person-selective Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | contrastive method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | Sensory evidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | Previous exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | power Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | familiarization phase Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| key-terms | neural correlates of consciousness, conscious perception, gamma band responses, hGBR, lGBR, sensory evidence, previous exposure, prior knowledge, contrastive method, long-range integration, category-specific, person-selective, repetition suppression, catch images, degradation, subjective task, objective task, visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, intracranial EEG, anesthesia, Morlet wavelets, false discovery rate, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Monte Carlo simulations, epileptogenic foci, body-selective areas, familiarization phase |
| repeated-measures ANOVA F | as written: repeated-measures ANOVA with factors previous exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| t-test t | as written: t test on the difference of the effects: t (7) = 0.237, p = 0.891 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| Wilcoxon rank-sum test | as written: nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| false discovery rate correction | as written: corrected for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| Monte Carlo simulation | as written: Post hoc power analysis was done with Monte Carlo simulations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| statistical power | as written: power corresponds to the proportion of comparisons the Wilcoxon test correctly identifies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| standard error of the mean SEM | as written: Error bars indicate SEM Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| standard deviation SD | as written: mean 1.5, SD 2.3 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| repeated-measures ANOVA | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| Wilcoxon rank-sum test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| false discovery rate | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| Post hoc power analysis | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| Monte Carlo simulations | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| F | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[13] |
| SEM | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[14] |
| claim type | null-result — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: null-result Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | intracranial EEG over occipital and temporal visual cortex while conscious perception is raised two independent ways — lower image degradation, and prior exposure to the clear image — with the two first shown behaviourally equivalent — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | conscious perception of a degraded image, and its dissociation from local category-specific cortical processing — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: neural correlates of conscious visual perception Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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