The Emergence of Single Neurons in Clinical Neurology

Cash, Hochberg · Neuron · 2015 · neuroscience · 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.058 · record Cash2015-the-emergence-of-single-neurons-in-clinical
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (xml); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim type is 'prediction' on the strength of the abstract's forward-looking claim and the closing section on future technologies; there is a strong secondary critique element, stated verbatim as 'Remarkably, discussion of neuronal activity is largely absent in clinical neuroscience.' and as the observation that the only single-neuron references in classic neurology textbooks concern peripheral nerves - the schema allows one claim type, so the critique is recorded here rather than dropped. Claim relations is EMPTY: the review cites hundreds of studies but never positions its own argument against a named prior work; the closest sentence, on Kuffler and Nicholls' 'From Neuron to Brain', is a rhetorical framing of the field rather than a relation this paper claims to that book, and rule 7 bars inferring a relation from a bare citation. 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

This record’s own method is review, and the tags below follow from that. A review’s findings, quantities and statistics are things stated IN this paper, and some of them report results obtained elsewhere. No tag on this page names a different author. Measured across every review in this corpus, 81% of a review’s tags carry no citation at all — most of them are the review speaking. The corpus does not adjudicate the rest: read an unmarked tag as a claim this paper makes, not necessarily one it made first.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
gold standard 4 fields · clustering 3 fields · electroencephalography 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 17 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

single neuron single unit action potential clinical neuroscience electroencephalography brain-computer interface Utah array hypersynchrony high frequency oscillations deep brain stimulating electrodes subthalamic nucleus propofol slow oscillations local field potentials sparse encoding animal models gold standard Clinical neglect of the single neuron is explained by the prior unavailability of technology able to target or measure small groups of neurons Propofol produces unconsciousness by phase-locking cortical neurons to local slow oscillations that are out of phase across regions, fragmenting long-range cortical communication Loss of dopamine erodes the separation normally maintained between basal ganglia subcircuits, so circuit elements merge into larger hypersynchronised networks that drive motor cortical synchrony tetraplegia epilepsy deep brain stimulating clustering brain-computer interface (BCI) ‘clustering’ algorithms "Jennifer Anniston Neuron" firing rates or patterns clustering algorithms for spike extraction dimensionality reduction and point process techniques review

Legend

second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfer	`transfers`	a method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.058. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 5 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 3 · content_tags 39 · contribution 1 · limitations 11 · mechanisms 10 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 4 · transfers 3

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	the place of single-neuron activity in clinical neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	why single-neuron activity is missing from clinical practice, and what is now making it available Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	documents an absence in a literature, explains it by the absence of an instrument, and surveys the technologies now removing the constraint Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	prediction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	single-neuron recording in clinical neurology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Clinical neglect of the single neuron is explained by the prior unavailability of technology able to target or measure small groups of neurons	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Propofol produces unconsciousness by phase-locking cortical neurons to local slow oscillations that are out of phase across regions, fragmenting long-range cortical communication	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Loss of dopamine erodes the separation normally maintained between basal ganglia subcircuits, so circuit elements merge into larger hypersynchronised networks that drive motor cortical synchrony	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	the absence is attributed to instrument resolution: MRI, EEG and MEG cannot resolve activity at the scale of the action potential Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	and to the absence of any intervention that could target small groups of neurons, let alone one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	and to the nature of the pathology: stroke, trauma, tumours are not diseases of an individual neuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	and to the confinement of the relevant physiology to animal models in a small subset of laboratories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	propofol unconsciousness explained mechanistically: neurons phase-lock to local slow oscillations but fall out of phase with distant cortex, fragmenting the network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: mechanisms[1]	`mechanisms[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	in Parkinson's, dopaminergic loss is hypothesised to erode the separation between basal ganglia subcircuits, which then hypersynchronise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[8]`	0.95	the tagger's words
mechanisms	single-unit firing patterns mark the boundaries of the STN and globus pallidus as the electrode advances, the one routine clinical use Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	Much relevant work on miniaturised and wireless implanted recording is acknowledged as outside the review's scope. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the technological coverage of the review: THERE ARE MANY IMPORTANT RESEARCH ENDEAVORS IN THIS FIELD WHICH ARE BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The cognitive-neuroscience literature on human single units is only sampled, not covered. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the cognitive-neuroscience coverage: Quotation withheld	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The cognitive single-unit findings surveyed are conceded to have no immediate clinical application. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: clinical application specifically: THESE FINDINGS ARE INDEED NOT YET OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL RELEVANCE	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	the relationship between any animal model of epilepsy and human epilepsy is unclear, unlike the primate-human motor cortex case Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any transfer from animal epilepsy models: UNLIKE THE MOTOR PROSTHESIS APPROACH IN WHICH THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN NONHUMAN PRIMATE M1 AND HUMAN M1 IS EVIDENT, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANY GIVEN ANIMAL MODEL and human epilepsy is unclear	`limitations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the details of single-neuron activity in the seizure focus itself remain poorly understood Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: claims about the seizure focus itself: THE DETAILS OF SINGLE NEURON ACTIVITY IN THE FOCUS remain poorly understood	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	decades of seizure-prediction work has produced no clinically usable algorithm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every seizure-prediction method reviewed: NONE HAS LED TO A CLINICALLY USEABLE OR COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL PREDICTIVE ALGORITHM	`limitations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the spiking activity underlying most anaesthetic EEG signatures is simply not known Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the spiking basis of anaesthetic EEG patterns: THE SPIKE (ACTION POTENTIAL) ACTIVITY UNDERLYING MANY OF THESE PATTERNS IS NOT KNOWN, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF SLOW OSCILLATIONS DURING PROPOFOL INDUCED ANESTHESIA	`limitations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	animal brains are too small to study large-scale cortical relationships, and human scalp EEG has too little spatial resolution - neither end of the scale is available Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: large-scale cortical claims from either source: THE SMALL SIZE OF THE BRAIN IN THE ANIMAL MODELS HAS PREVENTED MUCH ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE RELATIONSHIPS ACROSS THE CORTEX, AND HUMAN STUDIES OF SCALP EEG PROVIDE LITTLE SPATIAL RESOLUTION	`limitations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the cognitive single-unit findings are not yet of immediate clinical relevance, stated plainly Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2]	`limitations[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	data volumes already exceed what current techniques can extract meaning from Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: what can be extracted from the recordings at all: THIS MUCH NEURAL DATA CHALLENGES OUR COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES AND, ESSENTIALLY, OUR TECHNIQUES FOR EXTRACTING MEANINGFUL INFORMATION FROM THIS HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA SET	`limitations[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	after forty years single-unit physiology is still a small component of practice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the clinical uptake claim: SINGLE UNIT PHYSIOLOGY IS STILL A SMALL COMPONENT OF NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE, after A MORE THAN 40-YEAR HISTORY	`limitations[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	the encoding of movement in M1, transferred to human brain-computer interfaces - the transfer the paper says IS licensed, because the anatomy is evidently similar Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	the transfer the paper says is NOT licensed, because the correspondence to human epilepsy is unclear Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	clustering algorithms, dimensionality reduction and point-process methods, imported to make terabyte-scale spike data tractable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	single unit here means an isolated action potential train from one neuron, explicitly contrasted with the averaged multineuron signals of EEG and ECoG Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	gold standard is used for single-unit recording in BASIC neurophysiology, in a paper arguing it is absent from clinical practice - the standard and the practice are different communities Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	hypersynchrony, as a framing of epilepsy, is said to be accurate at a superficial level and to break down under finer measurement - a claim whose truth depends on resolution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	model, for epilepsy, is explicitly weaker than model for motor cortex: the primate-human M1 similarity is evident where the epilepsy correspondence is unclear Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: critique Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: prediction — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
alternatives	method: narrative review across motor prosthetics, epilepsy, movement disorders, anaesthesia and cognition, with a textbook search establishing the absence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: review — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.method`		the tagger's words
alternatives	phenomenon: single-unit activity as a clinical observable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: single-neuron recording in clinical neurology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.phenomenon`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	critiques → clinical neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry, for the absence of single-neuron thinking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	qualifies → the canonical framing of epilepsy as a disorder of hypersynchrony and imbalanced excitation and inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → the use of intraoperative single-unit recording to localise DBS electrodes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → slow-oscillation phase-locking as a mechanism of propofol-induced loss of consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[3]`	0.95	the tagger's words
claim_relations	cites → Gelbard-Sagiv et al. on hippocampal reactivation during free recall - a paper independently tagged in this corpus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	single neuron —same-as→ single unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: used interchangeably throughout; the second is the recorded proxy for the first, which is why the weight is not 1.0 also in: single neuron · single unit	`concept_edges[0]`	0.85	the tagger's words
concept_edges	electroencephalography —distinct-from→ action potential Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the key edge of the paper: EEG, MEG and MRI are NOT capable of resolving activity at the scale of the action potential. an instrument-scale exclusion, not a conceptual one Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but EEG and MEG CANNOT RESOLVE activity at the scale of the action potential; distinct-from is loose. also in: electroencephalography · action potential	`concept_edges[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	propofol —causes→ slow oscillations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. also in: propofol · slow oscillations	`concept_edges[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Despite being foundational to brain function, single-neuron activity has almost no presence in everyday clinical neurology, neurosurgery or psychiatry. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Current clinical measurement modalities cannot resolve neuronal activity at the scale of the action potential. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Even after four decades of relevant recordings, single-unit physiology remains a marginal component of neurological and psychiatric practice. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Microelectrode and macroelectrode array work has undermined the standard account of epilepsy as purely a disorder of hypersynchrony and excitation-inhibition imbalance. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The authors suggest intraoperative single-unit localisation during DBS may be the best example of single-neuron activity used directly in clinical care. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Firing rates and patterns are used to identify the boundaries of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus as the electrode advances. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Intracortical arrays implanted from 2004 onward let people with tetraplegia produce 2D cursor movement and simple robotic control directly from cortical spiking. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Multiple studies indicate that individual neurons in higher-order cortex keep tuning or specificity for complex stimuli. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	discussion of neuronal activity is largely absent from clinical neuroscience Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the only single-neuron references in classic neurology textbooks concern peripheral nerves Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	existing clinical modalities cannot resolve activity at the scale of the action potential Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	finer measurement challenges the canonical framing of epilepsy as hypersynchrony Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	DBS electrode localisation by firing pattern may be the best example of clinical use of single-neuron activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	during loss of consciousness, cortical neurons phase-lock to local slow oscillations but fall out of phase with distant cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	no seizure-prediction method has yet produced a clinically usable or commercially successful algorithm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	waves often portrayed as homogeneous are more heterogeneous in space and in their involvement of individual neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[15]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	after forty years, single-unit physiology remains a small part of clinical practice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	brain-computer interface (BCI) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: brain-computer interface (BCI)	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Utah array Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Utah array	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	‘clustering’ algorithms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ‘clustering’ algorithms	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	"Jennifer Anniston Neuron" Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: "Jennifer Anniston Neuron"	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	brain-computer interface Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: brain-computer interface	`content_tags.definitions[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	single unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: single unit	`content_tags.definitions[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	100 probes — number of etched silicon probes in the original Utah array Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	several Tb / 100+ neurons — data volume and neuron count typically obtained from a single 4x4 mm Utah array recording Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	~500 GB per day — full-bandwidth neural data rate produced by one implanted array at current resolutions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	365 Terabytes in one year — storage burden of continuously recording one individual with two implanted arrays for a year Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	mid 1950s — date from which human single-unit recordings have been performed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	>100 Hz — frequency range of the high frequency oscillations shown to matter in epilepsy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	<1 Hz / ~10 Hz — slow-oscillation and frontal alpha frequencies that dominate the EEG under propofol anaesthesia Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	about 500 GB per day from one array — full-bandwidth neural data rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`	0.95	the tagger's words
content_tags	365 terabytes in one year from two arrays — continuous storage for one individual Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	a single 4 x 4 mm Utah array yields several Tb and 100+ neurons — yield per implant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	at least four high-resolution recording platforms — the available instruments Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	mid 1950s — when human single-unit recording began, against a literature that still omits it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	100 years — how long human epilepsy was studied almost entirely by scalp EEG Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	clustering algorithms for spike extraction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: clustering algorithms for spike extraction	`content_tags.statistics[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	dimensionality reduction and point process techniques Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: dimensionality reduction and point process techniques	`content_tags.statistics[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	firing rates or patterns Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: firing rates or patterns	`content_tags.variables[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words

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