standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 11 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | The forms memory takes, the brain systems that support each, and the synaptic mechanisms common to all of them. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | The medial temporal lobe converts short-term into long-term memory without being the permanent store, which is why H.M. lost new memories and kept old ones Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Declarative memory works by binding items to each other, to their context and to neighbouring events, which is what makes it relational Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | False memory is a failure of that same relational machinery rather than a separate defect - the network returns relations that never occurred Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Long-term potentiation runs through a molecular cascade ending in protein synthesis, and blocking any step blocks permanent memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | The timing of that blockade separates the two kinds of memory: it stops permanent fixation and leaves initial learning and short-term memory intact Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Potentiation and depression share a molecular substrate and differ only in the timing rules of synaptic activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The foundational evidence for the whole framework rests on a single surgical patient Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the empirical base of the whole systems framework: it begins with THE STUDY OF A PATIENT KNOWN BY HIS INITIALS H.M. - a single surgical case | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The systems are described as distinct while also interacting and storing the same event separately, so the boundaries are functional rather than sharp Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that the memory systems are separable: THE PROCEDURAL AND EMOTIONAL MEMORY SYSTEMS CAN STORE AND DISTINCTLY EXPRESS DIFFERENT FORMS OF MEMORY EVEN FOR THE SAME EVENT - distinct and simultaneously overlapping | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Implicit memory is characterised as a variety of systems rather than one, so the category is defined by what it is not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the category implicit memory itself: THESE VARIOUS FORMS OF IMPLICIT MEMORY ARE SUPPORTED BY A VARIETY OF MEMORY SYSTEMS - it is not one system but the residue left when declarative memory is removed | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concepts | long-term potentiation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long-term potentiation | concepts[13] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| concepts | associative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: associative memory | concepts[21] | 0.9 | the paper's words |
| senses | memory - divided by DURATION: whether it lasts a short or a long period Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | memory - divided by EXPRESSION: explicit conscious remembering versus implicit change in speed or bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | memory - divided by CONTENT: unique experiences versus accumulated knowledge, the episodic/semantic axis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | short-term memory - as working memory: explicitly a form of DECLARATIVE memory, held in consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | implicit memory - as a family of LONG-term systems: procedural, emotional and priming, each with its own pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | recognition - familiarity versus recollection: two capacities of one cortical-hippocampal system Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: memory — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Scoville and Milner's report of patient H.M. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | supports → Schacter's characterisation of implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Eichenbaum and Cohen's multiple-memory-systems framework Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | working memory —is-a→ declarative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: working memory · declarative memory | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | procedural memory —is-a→ implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: procedural memory · implicit memory | concept_edges[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | declarative memory —distinct-from→ implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: declarative memory · implicit memory | concept_edges[4] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | medial temporal lobe —causes→ memory consolidation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'converting a short-term memory to a long-term, permanent memory store', not 'memory consolidation'. also in: medial temporal lobe · memory consolidation | concept_edges[5] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | hippocampus —part-of→ medial temporal lobe Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: hippocampus · medial temporal lobe | concept_edges[6] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | relational memory processing —causes→ false memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'relational processing' = relational memory processing (previous sentence). also in: relational memory processing · false memory | concept_edges[7] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | long-term potentiation —part-of→ Hebbian synapse Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but LTP is INDUCED AT the Hebbian synapse; part-of is loose. also in: long-term potentiation · Hebbian synapse | concept_edges[8] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | long term depression —contrasted-with→ long-term potentiation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: long term depression · long-term potentiation | concept_edges[9] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | habituation —part-of→ multiple memory systems Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but habituation is named among the elementary FORMS of memory; part-of 'multiple memory systems' is loose. also in: habituation · multiple memory systems | concept_edges[11] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | familiarity —distinct-from→ recollection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: familiarity · recollection | concept_edges[12] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | episodic memory —is-a→ associative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: REPLACES concept_edges[1], which typed episodic memory as a kind of DECLARATIVE memory. That is true of the field and this paper does not say it: the only sentence in the staged body placing episodic memory under a superclass places it under ASSOCIATIVE memory. The old edge is withdrawn, not corrected in place, because its 'to' was wrong rather than its quote. NO 'relation'/relation evidence ON THIS EDGE, DELIBERATELY: the sentence's class cue is 'the most complex forms of associative memory', and the gate's is-a cue list holds 'a form of' but not 'forms of'. That is an earlier note of ours exactly - the cue vocabulary lacks the plural of a form it already accepts - and I am not editing the cue lists, which have two named amenders. The edge therefore joins the 92% that carry a span and no marked clause. Add the clause when the vocabulary is widened. also in: episodic memory · associative memory | concept_edges[14] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Across all its varieties, memory is claimed to reduce to changes in synaptic connections inside the circuits of each memory system. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blocking the molecular cascade only works within minutes of learning, which shows the cascade is needed for permanent fixation but not for initial or short-term memory. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Episodic memory is the form most prominently impaired by aging, even though all types of learning capacity decline somewhat. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Age-related memory loss is attributed to fewer synaptic connections and weakened neuromodulation rather than to neuronal death. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | False memory is characterised as a failure of relational processing that retrieves relations which never occurred but are supported by the relational network. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | H.M. could not remember new information, yet kept considerable memories from childhood up to a few years before his surgery. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | blocking the molecular cascade prevents permanent memory while leaving initial learning and short-term memory intact Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | amnesic patients impaired in declarative memory typically retain implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | potentiation and depression occur in every structure known to take part in memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: memory | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | multiple memory systems Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multiple memory systems | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: learning | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | declarative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: declarative memory | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | working memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: working memory | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: episodic memory | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | semantic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: semantic memory | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: implicit memory | content_tags.definitions[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: priming | content_tags.definitions[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | procedural memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: procedural memory | content_tags.definitions[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | memory consolidation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: memory consolidation | content_tags.definitions[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | relational memory processing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: relational memory processing | content_tags.definitions[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | long-term potentiation (LTP) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long-term potentiation (LTP) | content_tags.definitions[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | long term depression (LTD) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long term depression (LTD) | content_tags.definitions[13] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | flashbulb memories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: flashbulb memories | content_tags.definitions[14] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | declarative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: declarative memory | content_tags.definitions[15] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | implicit memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: implicit memory | content_tags.definitions[16] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: episodic memory | content_tags.definitions[17] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | working memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: working memory | content_tags.definitions[18] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | procedural memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: procedural memory | content_tags.definitions[19] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | long-term potentiation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long-term potentiation | content_tags.definitions[20] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | memory consolidation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: memory consolidation | content_tags.definitions[21] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: learning | content_tags.definitions[22] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.