Relating Introspective Accuracy to Individual Differences in Brain Structure

Fleming, Weil, Nagy, Dolan, Rees · Science · 2010 · neuroscience · 10.1126/science.1191883 · record Fleming2010-relating-introspective-accuracy-to-individua
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (xml); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim relations is empty as a finding, not an omission: this Science report cites all prior work by bracketed numeral only (e.g. '( 16 - 18 )', '( 11 )'), so nowhere in the article text does it relate its claim to a NAMED prior study, and rule 7 forbids inferring a relation from a bare citation. method is recorded as structural-mri because the study used voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging, not functional MRI; no term in the suggested method list covers structural neuroimaging, and labelling it 'fmri' would be false. Spacing inside the XML-derived text ('d’ and B roc', '( A roc )') is the source's own and was copied exactly. 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

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Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
confidence 5 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 16 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

metacognitive sensitivity introspective A roc B roc d’ Type II receiver operating characteristic anterior prefrontal cortex gray matter volume fractional anisotropy diffusion tensor imaging genu of the corpus callosum staircase procedure inferior temporal gyrus confidence dorsolateral prefrontal cortex test-retest reliability anterior prefrontal cortex supports introspective accuracy by carrying out second-order operations that integrate supramodal perceptual information with the decision output, thereby linking performance to confidence metacognitive ability depends not only on local prefrontal grey matter but on the integrity of the reciprocal fibre projections running into and out of that region metacognitive ability ratings of confidence overall brain size and gender fractional anisotropy of white matter objective task performance receiver operating characteristic (Type II ROC) analysis Type II receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves correlation Pearson’s r coefficient of determination / model fit test-retest (split-half) reliability multiple-comparison correction corrected for multiple comparisons nuisance covariates in a regression model regressors of no interest signal-detection sensitivity and criterion d’ and c Pearson correlation multiple comparisons correction coefficient of determination receiver operating characteristic neuroimaging

Method, as described: structural-mri

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second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191883. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 1 · claim_relations 3 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 9 · content_tags 50 · controls 1 · limitations 7 · mechanisms 7 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · senses 5

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 9 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	Individual differences in metacognitive sensitivity - how well a person's confidence tracks their own correctness - and whether those differences sit in brain structure. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
claim_type	existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	metacognitive sensitivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	neuroimaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neuroimaging	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: anterior prefrontal cortex supports introspective accuracy by carrying out second-order operations that integrate supramodal perceptual information with the decision output, thereby linking performance to confidence	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: metacognitive ability depends not only on local prefrontal grey matter but on the integrity of the reciprocal fibre projections running into and out of that region	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	Holding objective performance constant by staircasing difficulty per participant isolates metacognitive variation from perceptual variation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	Type II ROC turns trial-by-trial confidence ratings into a single individual-level number, which is what makes a structural correlation possible at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[3]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	Anterior prefrontal cortex is proposed as the site because it performs second-order operations on internally generated information, which is what metacognition requires Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[4]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	The white matter result is predicted from the grey matter one rather than found independently: if the region matters, its connections should too Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[5]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	The tract implicated carries fibres to and from exactly the prefrontal regions identified in the grey matter analysis, which is what makes the two results one result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[6]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The design is correlational and cannot establish that the brain-structure/metacognition covariation is causal. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the structure-metacognition relationship: AS WITH ANY CORRELATIONAL METHOD, WE CANNOT ESTABLISH WHETHER THE COVARIATION ... REFLECTS A CAUSAL ROLE	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The absence of structural correlates for objective performance and confidence bias may be an artefact of a design that deliberately minimised variability in those measures. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the null results for objective performance and confidence bias, which the design produced: OUR DESIGN DELIBERATELY MINIMISING VARIABILITY IN BOTH d' AND B_roc IN ORDER TO ISOLATE THE NEURAL CORRELATES OF INTROSPECTIVE ABILITY	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The authors state plainly that the method cannot establish causation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the method cannot establish causation	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Thirty-two participants, for whole-brain structural correlations with a behavioural trait Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the whole-brain structural analysis: WE STUDIED 32 HEALTHY HUMAN PARTICIPANTS, for correlations between grey matter volume and a behavioural trait	`limitations[3]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The design deliberately suppressed variance in performance and confidence bias, so the absence of structural correlates for those may be a consequence of the design rather than a finding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[1] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - the absence of structural correlates for d' and B_roc is a consequence of suppressing their variance on purpose	`limitations[4]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The left-hemisphere homologue and a second temporal cluster did not survive whole-brain correction and are reported in supplementary tables Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the laterality of the finding: the homologous left anterior prefrontal region DID NOT SURVIVE CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS ACROSS THE BRAIN VOLUME	`limitations[5]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Whether the anatomy is innate or the trace of experience is left open, and the two have very different implications Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any developmental or trait reading of the anatomy: OUR PRESENT FINDINGS MAY REFLECT INNATE DIFFERENCES IN ANATOMY, OR ALTERNATIVELY REFLECT THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIENCE AND LEARNING	`limitations[6]`		the tagger's words
controls	control analyses re-running the structural correlation while holding stimulus contrast - the staircase's converged value - constant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: PERCEPTUAL ability as the confound behind an apparently INTROSPECTIVE one: a good perceiver's staircase settles at low contrast, so grey-matter correlates of metacognitive accuracy could be correlates of seeing well · outcome: held	`controls[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	metacognitive ability - as an INDIVIDUAL-level trait: one number per person, which is the only level at which a structural correlation can be computed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	confidence - as a TRIAL-level rating: what participants report after each decision, and the raw material rather than the measure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	metacognition - sensitivity (A roc): how well confidence separates correct from incorrect, the quantity of interest Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	metacognition - bias (B roc): the tendency to use high or low confidence overall, which is a different thing and was checked to be uncorrelated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	performance - objective (d’): how accurate the perceptual decisions were, deliberately held near constant so it cannot explain the result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → lesion studies showing deficits in subjective report after anterior prefrontal damage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → theta-burst TMS work showing metacognitive sensitivity can be impaired while performance is spared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → the body of work linking individual differences in language, decision making and memory to healthy brain anatomy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · A roc —distinct-from→ B roc Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span named neither parameter. This sentence names both and states that the separation was BUILT INTO THE DESIGN - variability in d' and B roc was deliberately minimised 'in order to isolate' the neural correlates of A roc. — strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but gray matter did not correlate with d' or with overall confidence (B roc); distinct-from is loose. also in: A roc · B roc	`concept_edges[2]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · A roc —distinct-from→ d’ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. Same sentence as [2], and for the same reason: the design deliberately minimised variability in d' in order to isolate A roc, which is a stronger ground for a distinction than an observed difference would be. — strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but A roc and task performance were UNCORRELATED; distinct-from rests on a null correlation. also in: A roc · d’	`concept_edges[3]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	fractional anisotropy —part-of→ diffusion tensor imaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: fractional anisotropy · diffusion tensor imaging	`concept_edges[6]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	staircase procedure —operationalised-as→ d’ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span links staircase convergence to perceptual ability; operationalised-as d' is loose. also in: staircase procedure · d’	`concept_edges[8]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	inferior temporal gyrus —contrasted-with→ anterior prefrontal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the inferior temporal gyrus showed a NEGATIVE correlation beside the primary positive one; contrasted-with is loose. also in: inferior temporal gyrus · anterior prefrontal cortex	`concept_edges[9]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	dorsolateral prefrontal cortex —causes→ metacognitive sensitivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.8 also in: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex · metacognitive sensitivity	`concept_edges[10]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	introspective —same-as→ metacognitive sensitivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: introspective · metacognitive sensitivity	`concept_edges[11]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	A roc —distinct-from→ B roc Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the design minimised variability in d' and B roc to isolate A roc; distinct-from is loose. also in: A roc · B roc	`concept_edges[14]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concept_edges	A roc —distinct-from→ d’ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span explains a null structural result by the design; distinct-from is loose. also in: A roc · d’	`concept_edges[15]`	0.9	the tagger's words
content_tags	receiver operating characteristic (Type II ROC) analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: receiver operating characteristic (Type II ROC) analysis	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	coefficient of determination / model fit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coefficient of determination / model fit	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	test-retest (split-half) reliability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: test-retest (split-half) reliability	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	multiple-comparison correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multiple-comparison correction	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	nuisance covariates in a regression model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: nuisance covariates in a regression model	`content_tags.statistics[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	signal-detection sensitivity and criterion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: signal-detection sensitivity and criterion	`content_tags.statistics[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Pearson correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Pearson correlation	`content_tags.statistics[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	test-retest reliability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: test-retest reliability	`content_tags.statistics[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	multiple comparisons correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multiple comparisons correction	`content_tags.statistics[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	coefficient of determination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coefficient of determination	`content_tags.statistics[10]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	receiver operating characteristic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: receiver operating characteristic	`content_tags.statistics[11]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Individual metacognitive accuracy varied widely even though objective task performance was held constant, and the two measures were unrelated. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Metacognitive accuracy is stable within a person, as shown by split-half test-retest agreement. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Grey matter volume in right anterior prefrontal cortex (BA 10) predicted how accurate a person's introspective judgements were. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	That prefrontal grey matter effect was specific to metacognition: the same region's volume tracked neither perceptual sensitivity nor overall confidence bias. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Left inferior temporal gyrus grey matter showed the opposite, negative relationship with metacognitive sensitivity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	White matter integrity in the genu of the corpus callosum, which carries anterior prefrontal fibres, also scaled with metacognitive accuracy. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive ability varied widely across people while objective performance was held constant, and the two were uncorrelated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	the individual differences were stable across a split-half check Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive ability correlated with grey matter volume in right anterior prefrontal cortex, surviving whole-brain correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	that same grey matter did not correlate with objective performance or with confidence bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	white matter integrity in the genu of the corpus callosum also tracked metacognitive ability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	left inferior temporal gyrus showed the opposite, a negative structural correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The anterior prefrontal grey-matter and FA correlations held when controlling for task parameters, which themselves showed no correlations. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive ability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: metacognitive ability	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	fractional anisotropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fractional anisotropy	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive sensitivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: metacognitive sensitivity	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive ability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: metacognitive ability	`content_tags.definitions[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	A roc Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: A roc	`content_tags.definitions[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	fractional anisotropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fractional anisotropy	`content_tags.definitions[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	fractional anisotropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fractional anisotropy	`content_tags.variables[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	ratings of confidence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ratings of confidence	`content_tags.variables[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	overall brain size and gender Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: overall brain size and gender	`content_tags.variables[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	metacognitive ability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: metacognitive ability	`content_tags.variables[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	gray matter volume Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gray matter volume	`content_tags.variables[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	fractional anisotropy of white matter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fractional anisotropy of white matter	`content_tags.variables[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	overall brain size and gender Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: overall brain size and gender	`content_tags.variables[10]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	objective task performance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: objective task performance	`content_tags.variables[11]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	32 — number of healthy human participants scanned and tested Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	71% — the accuracy level at which each participant's perceptual difficulty was held by staircasing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	mean R 2 = 0.97 ± 0.023 — goodness of fit of the Type II ROC model to individual participants' confidence data Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	A roc = 0.55 – 0.75 — range of individual metacognitive accuracy scores against a 70-74% constant objective performance range Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	r = 0.69, P = 0.00001 — split-half test-retest reliability of the A roc metacognitive measure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	t max = 4.8 — peak voxel statistic for the grey matter correlation with metacognitive ability in BA 10 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	32 healthy human participants — the whole sample for a whole-brain structural analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	71% — the accuracy each participant was staircased to, so performance could not explain the result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	A roc = 0.55 – 0.75 — the spread of metacognitive ability across individuals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	r = 0.69, P = 0.00001 — split-half stability of the individual measure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	mean R 2 = 0.97 ± 0.023 — fit of the ROC model to participants' confidence data Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[10]`		the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

Tags that could not be placed in the text:

none — every tag was located in the text

What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.