Differential Receptive Field Properties of Parvalbumin and Somatostatin Inhibitory Neurons in Mouse Auditory Cortex

Li, Xiong, Ibrahim, Yuan, Tao, Zhang · Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991) · 2015 · neuroscience · 10.1093/cercor/bht417 · record Li2015-differential-receptive-field-properties-of-p
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim type is 'existence' (PV and SOM neurons differ in receptive field and timing) rather than 'mechanism', although the paper also supplies a mechanism for the difference ('The broader/weaker frequency tuning of PV neurons was attributed to a broader range of synaptic inputs and stronger subthreshold responses elicited, which resulted in a higher efficiency in the conversion of input to output'); the demonstration of the difference is what the paper claims as first-of-its-kind. Replication status is 'contested' because the paper's frequency-tuning result directly conflicts with Moore and Wehr (2013) in the same species and area, and the paper devotes a discussion passage to that conflict - while simultaneously agreeing with the same study on intensity tuning, hence the two opposite-signed relations to the same target. Whole-cell current-clamp sample sizes for the subthreshold comparison are small (n = 8 PV, 6 SOM) but the paper does not flag this as a limitation, so it is not recorded as one. 2026-08-13 and 2026-08-14 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

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Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
standard deviation 3 fields · bootstrap 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 20 concept tags on this paper, 2 are grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

PV SOM excitatory neurons fast-spiking trough-to-peak interval tonal receptive field characteristic frequency intensity threshold BW10 intensity selectivity index jitter two-photon cell-attached Gaussian urethane layer 2/3 layer 4 feedforward inhibition distal dendrites A1 PV neurons pool a wider range of excitatory inputs and receive stronger subthreshold drive, so more of that input crosses spike threshold, producing broad, weakly selective spike tuning SOM spiking is late mainly because the excitatory synaptic input itself arrives late, with longer synaptic integration adding to the delay Non-selective local connectivity from excitatory cells onto inhibitory (especially PV) cells pools inputs with many different preferred frequencies onto one interneuron SOM neurons bypass the direct ascending (feedforward) pathway and are instead driven through slower horizontal circuits, which is why their input is delayed characteristic frequency (CF) Bandwidth of TRF intensity selectivity index (ISI) onset latency of spike response bandwidth of spike TRF response onset latency body temperature distribution of characteristic frequencies cortical depth ANOVA One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test post hoc test Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K–S test) bootstrap standard error of the mean mean ± SE standard deviation standard deviation of first-spike timing curve fitting (Gaussian fit, coefficient of determination) σ of a Gaussian fit to the tuning curve p-value one-way analysis of variance K–S test Tamhane Bootstrap sampling electrophysiology

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second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
concept	`concepts`	an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfer	`transfers`	a method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bht417. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 8 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 6 · concepts 2 · content_tags 69 · contribution 1 · controls 1 · limitations 8 · mechanisms 9 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 5 · transfers 2

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 6 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	how the two main cortical interneuron types differ in what sounds they respond to, once they are identified genetically rather than by spike shape Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	whether parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons in auditory cortex have different frequency tuning, thresholds and timing from each other and from excitatory cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	shows PV cells are broadly tuned with low thresholds and fast responses while SOM cells are as selective as excitatory neurons and markedly delayed, and traces the difference to input range and input-output efficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	tonal receptive fields of cortical inhibitory interneuron subtypes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PV neurons pool a wider range of excitatory inputs and receive stronger subthreshold drive, so more of that input crosses spike threshold, producing broad, weakly selective spike tuning	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SOM spiking is late mainly because the excitatory synaptic input itself arrives late, with longer synaptic integration adding to the delay	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Non-selective local connectivity from excitatory cells onto inhibitory (especially PV) cells pools inputs with many different preferred frequencies onto one interneuron	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SOM neurons bypass the direct ascending (feedforward) pathway and are instead driven through slower horizontal circuits, which is why their input is delayed	`mechanisms[3]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	PV cells pool excitatory input from neurons with a wide range of preferred frequencies because excitatory-to-PV connectivity is unselective Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[4]`	0.9	the tagger's words
mechanisms	PV cells also convert input to output more efficiently, so a broad input becomes an even broader spike tuning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	PV cells are driven at the same time as excitatory cells, consistent with shared feedforward input from layer 4 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[6]`	0.9	the tagger's words
mechanisms	SOM cells receive delayed input, suggesting horizontal rather than ascending drive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[7]`	0.9	the tagger's words
mechanisms	the two types target different parts of the pyramidal cell - perisomatic for PV, distal dendrite for SOM - which is why they can act on different input streams Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	Cells taken as excitatory were unlabelled rather than positively identified, so a minority may be other inhibitory types. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the excitatory arm of every comparison: THE UNLABELED NEURONS WERE MOST LIKELY EXCITATORY, ALTHOUGH AT A LOW CHANCE (<10%), THEY COULD ALSO BE ONE OF A VARIETY OF UNLABELED INHIBITORY CELL TYPES	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Intensity thresholds are relative, not absolute, because background noise could not be fully removed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every threshold figure: THE INTENSITY THRESHOLDS BEING COMPARED ARE RELATIVE RATHER THAN ABSOLUTE THRESHOLDS, SINCE ... WE COULD NOT COMPLETELY ELIMINATE BACKGROUND NOISE	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	All recordings were made under urethane anaesthesia, and SOM responses in particular may differ in the awake state. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the SOM results in the awake animal: FUTURE EXPERIMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER SOM NEURONS ... EXHIBIT HIGHER EVOKED FIRING RATES IN AWAKE STATES THAN IN ANESTHESIA	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	urethane anaesthesia may suppress SOM cells specifically; in visual cortex their evoked rates fall about tenfold relative to the awake running state while PV rates do not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the SOM-versus-PV comparison specifically, because the anaesthetic is not neutral between them: SENSORY-EVOKED Quotation withheld ... WHILE THE FIRING RATES OF PV NEURONS ARE NOT DIFFERENT	`limitations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	intensity thresholds are relative, not absolute, because background noise could not be fully eliminated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[1] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - thresholds are relative to the noise floor of this rig	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the unlabelled comparison cells are only most likely excitatory, with under a 10% chance of being an unlabelled interneuron type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the comparison group is defined by absence of a label	`limitations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the Gaussian bandwidth measure fits many PV cells poorly because their tuning is plateau-shaped, and 67% fall below R squared 0.3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the bandwidth statistic for PV cells: THE PLATEAU SHAPE OF FREQUENCY TUNING OF MANY PV CELLS MAKES IT FIT POORLY INTO A GAUSSIAN CURVE (67% OF PV CELLS DISPLAYING R2 < 0.3), though INCLUDING ALL CELLS DID NOT AFFECT OUR CONCLUSION	`limitations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	whether SOM receptive fields look different in awake animals is left for future work Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - the receptive-field claims for SOM cells are anaesthetised ones	`limitations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	Cre driver lines crossed to a reporter, so that a cell's type is known before it is recorded rather than inferred after Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	imaging-guided targeted recording of identified interneuron types, and the expectation that PV cells are less selective Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[1]`	0.9	the tagger's words
controls	cells whose Gaussian fit gave R-squared below 0.2 excluded from the bandwidth measure, AND the whole analysis re-run including every cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the bandwidth difference between cell types is an artefact of fitting a Gaussian to the plateau-shaped tuning of PV cells - and the re-run shows the exclusion is not doing the work · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[0]`	0.85	the tagger's words
concepts	SOM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SOM	`concepts[1]`		the paper's words
concepts	urethane Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: urethane	`concepts[14]`		the paper's words
senses	PV and SOM here are GENETIC identities - Cre driver lines crossed to a fluorescent reporter and confirmed by dye co-localisation - not waveform classes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	fast-spiking is NOT interchangeable with PV: 13% of SOM cells here had trough-to-peak intervals under 0.5 ms, and the cited work reports the PV and pyramidal waveform distributions overlap much more than assumed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	spike-width classification is valid HERE and the paper says for what: 'for cell-attached recording in layer 2/3' - a scope, not a general licence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	bandwidth is measured three ways in this paper - BW10, BW50% of an envelope fit, and the sigma of a Gaussian fit - and the third is adopted only to match the study being disputed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	intensity threshold here is relative to an unremovable noise floor, so the numbers are comparable within this study and not against absolute-threshold work Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
alternatives	method: in vivo two-photon imaging-guided cell-attached and whole-cell recording from fluorescently labelled PV and SOM neurons in layer 2/3 of premapped A1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.method`		the tagger's words
alternatives	phenomenon: the tonal receptive field: which frequency and intensity combinations drive a cortical neuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: tonal receptive fields of cortical inhibitory interneuron subtypes — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.phenomenon`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → Moore and Wehr (2013) on PV frequency tuning breadth Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	replicates → Moore and Wehr (2013) on PV intensity tuning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → Wu et al. (2008) intracellular study of rat auditory cortex layer 4 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → Moore and Wehr 2013, which reported PV neurons as sharply tuned as excitatory cells in the same species and area Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	critiques → spike-waveform identification of inhibitory neurons in extracellular recording Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	confirms → fast-spiking-cell reports of broad frequency tuning, some with morphological confirmation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[5]`	0.9	the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → visual cortex findings that PV neurons are less stimulus-selective than excitatory cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[6]`	0.8	the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → their own layer 4 intracellular work, where input range was similar but spike range still broader in fast-spiking cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	fast-spiking —distinct-from→ PV Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: CRITERION: the two are commonly equated, and the cited work shows PV and pyramidal waveform distributions overlap much more than assumed. elsewhere in the paper, 13% of SOM cells here also spike narrowly Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span reports a study questioning PV-FS correspondence; distinct-from overstates it. also in: fast-spiking · PV	`concept_edges[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	PV —contrasted-with→ SOM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: broader tuning, lower threshold, stronger and earlier responses - four separable measures, all differing also in: PV · SOM	`concept_edges[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	layer 4 —causes→ PV Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.8 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PV neurons receive feedforward inputs 'LIKELY from layer 4'; causes is hedged. also in: layer 4 · PV	`concept_edges[6]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concept_edges	urethane —causes→ SOM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. status: BORROWED: reported of the VISUAL cortex and cited, not measured in this paper's auditory recordings · direction on the measure: reduces · strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: SIGN: suppressive, and selectively so - about tenfold in visual cortex while PV rates are unchanged. The main scope limit on this record Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says SOM firing is reduced under anesthesia; the endpoint 'SOM' drops 'firing'. also in: urethane · SOM	`concept_edges[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	Gaussian —operationalised-as→ tonal receptive field Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.5 — the record marks this weak · note: a measure adopted for comparability that fits the object badly - 67% of PV cells below R squared 0.3 because their tuning is plateau-shaped Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but frequency tuning was FITTED with a Gaussian, which fits PV cells poorly; operationalised-as is loose. also in: Gaussian · tonal receptive field	`concept_edges[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	PV —operationalised-as→ feedforward inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PV neurons 'CAN PROVIDE' feedforward inhibition; operationalised-as is loose. also in: PV · feedforward inhibition	`concept_edges[12]`	0.9	the tagger's words
content_tags	ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ANOVA	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	post hoc test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: post hoc test	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	bootstrap Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: bootstrap	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	standard error of the mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error of the mean	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation	`content_tags.statistics[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	curve fitting (Gaussian fit, coefficient of determination) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: curve fitting (Gaussian fit, coefficient of determination)	`content_tags.statistics[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	p-value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: p-value	`content_tags.statistics[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	one-way analysis of variance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: one-way analysis of variance	`content_tags.statistics[8]`	0.8	the tagger's words
content_tags	K–S test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: K–S test	`content_tags.statistics[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Tamhane Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Tamhane	`content_tags.statistics[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Bootstrap sampling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Bootstrap sampling	`content_tags.statistics[11]`	0.7	the tagger's words
content_tags	Parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory neurons in layer 2/3 auditory cortex have broader tonal receptive fields, lower intensity thresholds and stronger tone-evoked spiking than somatostatin (SOM) neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	SOM neurons are as sharply frequency-tuned as excitatory neurons even though they too receive a broad range of excitatory input. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Both the synaptic input onset and the spike onset of SOM neurons occur significantly later than those of PV and excitatory neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Measured 10 dB above threshold, PV receptive fields were twice as broad as those of SOM and excitatory neurons, which did not differ from each other. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	SOM neurons had significantly higher intensity thresholds than PV and excitatory neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	SOM neurons fired with significantly less precise timing, showing larger first-spike jitter than PV and excitatory neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV neurons converted almost their whole synaptic input range into spike output (highest spike-range/input-range ratio), whereas SOM neurons converted the least. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Tone-evoked subthreshold depolarizations (EPSPs) were significantly larger in PV neurons than in SOM or excitatory neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Every recorded PV cell had a spike trough-to-peak interval below 0.5 ms while every recorded excitatory cell was above 0.5 ms, so waveform width separates the two classes in layer 2/3. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV neurons fired spontaneously at a significantly higher rate than excitatory cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The three cell groups were recorded at statistically indistinguishable cortical depths, so the broad PV tuning is not a depth-sampling artefact. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV receptive fields were about twice as broad as SOM and excitatory ones, which did not differ from each other Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the same result held for a second bandwidth measure taken from an envelope fit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	PV cells fired much faster to tones than SOM or excitatory cells, and had higher spontaneous rates Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	SOM cells had higher intensity thresholds, so they may not inhibit at low sound levels Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	SOM cells had larger first-spike jitter than PV or excitatory cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[15]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	spikes occur in the order PV, excitatory, SOM, with SOM markedly delayed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	all PV cells had trough-to-peak intervals under 0.5 ms and all excitatory cells above, but 13% of SOM cells also fell under Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[17]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	PV cells were less intensity-tuned than excitatory cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[18]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	ADOPTED THE RIVAL'S METHOD: fitting bandwidth by Gaussian as the disputing study did, the disagreement survived - PV tuning was still broader Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[19]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	three candidate causes remain for the disagreement: indirect optogenetic versus direct visual targeting, contamination in tungsten electrode recording, and general versus premapped A1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[20]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	CONTROL NULL: the three cell groups did not differ in characteristic frequency distribution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[21]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	CONTROL NULL: the three groups did not differ in cortical depth, so the tuning difference is not a sampling bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[22]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	CONTROL: the imaging laser and chiller were isolated and no scanning occurred during recording, so scanner noise could not contaminate auditory responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[23]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	characteristic frequency (CF) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: characteristic frequency (CF)	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	intensity threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intensity threshold	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Bandwidth of TRF Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Bandwidth of TRF	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	intensity selectivity index (ISI) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intensity selectivity index (ISI)	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	onset latency of spike response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: onset latency of spike response	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	characteristic frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: characteristic frequency	`content_tags.definitions[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	tonal receptive field Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tonal receptive field	`content_tags.definitions[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	intensity selectivity index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intensity selectivity index	`content_tags.definitions[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	trough-to-peak interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: trough-to-peak interval	`content_tags.definitions[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	bandwidth of spike TRF Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: bandwidth of spike TRF	`content_tags.variables[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	response onset latency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response onset latency	`content_tags.variables[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	body temperature Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: body temperature	`content_tags.variables[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	distribution of characteristic frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: distribution of characteristic frequencies	`content_tags.variables[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	cortical depth Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cortical depth	`content_tags.variables[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	BW10 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: BW10	`content_tags.variables[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	intensity threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intensity threshold	`content_tags.variables[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	jitter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: jitter	`content_tags.variables[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	trough-to-peak interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: trough-to-peak interval	`content_tags.variables[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	27 PV, 16 SOM, 22 excitatory — number of neurons recorded in the cell-attached spike dataset Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV, 75 ± 6 Hz; SOM, 28 ± 4 Hz; Exc, 39 ± 6 Hz — average tone-evoked firing rates of the three cell types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV, 1.43 ± 0.12 octave; SOM, 0.67 ± 0.06 octave; Exc, 0.64 ± 0.03 octave — receptive-field bandwidth 10 dB above threshold (BW10) per cell type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV, 36 ± 1.93 dB SPL; SOM, 47.86 ± 2.22 dB SPL; Exc, 40 ± 0.97 dB SPL — average intensity threshold of the tonal receptive field per cell type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV (0.89 ± 0.06), SOM (0.43 ± 0.05), excitatory (0.61 ± 0.04) — ratio of spike response frequency range to synaptic input frequency range at 60 dB SPL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV, 16.59 ± 0.58 ms; SOM, 26.44 ± 0.91 ms; Exc, 18.64 ± 0.88 ms — average spike onset latency to CF tones at 60 dB SPL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PV, 1.54 ± 0.12 ms; SOM, 3.21 ± 0.36 ms; Exc, 1.75 ± 0.19 ms — average jitter (SD) of first-spike timing for CF tones at 60 dB SPL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	13% — share of SOM neurons whose spike trough-to-peak interval was shorter than 0.5 ms (the PV-like range) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	67% of PV cells displaying R 2 < 0.3 — proportion of PV cells whose plateau-shaped tuning fitted a Gaussian curve poorly Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	0.5 ms — trough-to-peak cut separating PV from excitatory cells here, crossed by 13% of SOM cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	27, 16, 22 — PV, SOM and excitatory neurons recorded Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	1.17 vs 0.52 vs 0.55 octave — Gaussian-fit tuning bandwidth for PV, SOM and excitatory cells using the disputed study's own method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	67% — PV cells whose plateau-shaped tuning fits a Gaussian below R squared 0.3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	under 10% — chance that an unlabelled comparison cell was actually an interneuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	287 — frequency-intensity combinations presented per cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

Tags that could not be placed in the text:

none — every tag was located in the text

What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.