standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 12 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | whether neurons in the mouse midbrain are sensitive to a binaural timing cue the animal is thought unable to use Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | how neurons respond to interaural time differences carried in the envelope of amplitude-modulated sound, in a small mammal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | the circuitry to process interaural time differences persists in the mouse despite its lack of low-frequency hearing, and is probably shaped in the lateral superior olive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | envelope interaural time difference sensitivity in inferior colliculus neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the sensitivity is probably not built in the midbrain but inherited from the brainstem Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the lateral superior olive is much larger than the medial superior olive in the mouse, which is the argument for it being the source Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | contralateral projections from the lateral superior olive are exclusively excitatory while ipsilateral ones are mixed, which would explain why firing rises when the contralateral sound leads Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | GABAergic cells may not carry the timing information themselves but could sharpen tuning downstream by raising conductance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | lateral superior olive neurons in gerbil change firing probability over microseconds, so even a small mammal with an undeveloped medial superior olive could detect these differences Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Only a limited stimulus set was tested, so the reported proportion of ITD-sensitive neurons may be an underestimate. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the reported proportion of ITD-sensitive neurons, with the direction named: EVEN MORE NEURONS ... MIGHT TURN OUT TO BE SENSITIVE ... IF THEY ARE TESTED WITH MORE DIVERSE SOUND STIMULI THAN THOSE USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Best and characteristic frequency could not be determined for two glutamatergic cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the frequency-tuning analysis: IN TWO GLUTAMATERGIC NEURONS, WE COULD NOT IDENTIFY EITHER BF OR CF BECAUSE THEIR RESPONSIVENESS TO TONES WAS TOO LOW | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The raised-sine stimulus broadens the carrier spectrum, which could itself affect measured ITD sensitivity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every ITD sensitivity measured with the raised sine: THE BROADENING OF THE SPECTRUM IN THE RAISED SINE STIMULI MIGHT AFFECT THE ITD SENSITIVITY IN THE IC NEURONS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | the neuronal mechanism behind the dependence on envelope shape is stated to be unknown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any mechanistic reading of the envelope-shape effect: IT IS UNCLEAR WHAT NEURONAL MECHANISM UNDERLIES THIS SENSITIVITY TO THE ENVELOPE SHAPE | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | more neurons might prove sensitive if tested with a wider range of stimuli than were used here Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the proportion is a lower bound set by the stimulus set | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the spectral-broadening artefact of the raised sine stimulus is bounded at under 10 percent, but the supporting measurement is not shown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2], and the control that retires it is not printed: THE BROADENING ... WAS LESS THAN 10% ... (DATA NOT SHOWN). SO, THE EFFECT OF THE SPECTRUM CHANGE IS LIKELY TO BE LIMITED | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | recordings were dropped when the recording depth and the labelled site did not clearly correspond Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the anatomical assignment of the recordings: WE EXCLUDED THE DATA WHEN THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE RECORDING DEPTH AND THE LABELED SITE WAS AMBIGUOUS | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the change in firing rate within the mouse's own physiological range was very small, so the authors conclude the cue may have minimal effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the functional significance of the effect, as against its existence: THE CHANGE IN FIRING RATE WITHIN PHYSIOLOGICAL ITD RANGE WAS VERY SMALL IN MOST NEURONS. SO, THE ITD MAY HAVE MINIMAL EFFECTS ON THE FIRING RATE OF THE IC NEURONS | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the raised-sine envelope, imported because a listener's threshold is lower for it than for a sinusoid Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | CP as an index of alignment, where 0 means the ITD curves are aligned near their peaks and 0.5 near their troughs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | neurons whose responses were not tested at all five modulation frequencies excluded when the PERCENTAGE of beat-sensitive neurons was measured, while still included in the other beat sensitivity analyses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an inflated denominator - a neuron counts as not beat-sensitive when it was simply never tested at the frequency that would have shown it · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| senses | ITD here means the delay between the ENVELOPES, not between the fine structures - the stimulus is built so the carrier has no interaural phase difference at all, which is what makes the claim possible in a high-frequency animal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | GABAergic here means a cell the light drove, and glutamatergic a cell the light suppressed by more than 50 percent - a class defined by a response threshold, validated separately against GAD67 staining Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | CP is an index whose two values ARE the two hypotheses: 0 means the curves align at peaks, 0.5 means they align at troughs, so the measurement returns the answer directly rather than a test statistic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the physiological ITD range of the mouse is a derived quantity, from head size, and it is what makes every result here a claim about a cue the animal may never encounter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | an animal is included only if its auditory brainstem response threshold is under 40 dB - hearing is an inclusion criterion with a number, not an assumption Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: extracellular single-unit recording with optogenetic identification of GABAergic cells, binaural beat amplitude-modulated noise, and phase-plot analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: over half of inferior colliculus neurons, of both cell types, synchronise to the beat between two differently modulated envelopes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: envelope interaural time difference sensitivity in inferior colliculus neurons — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Ono et al., 2016; Ono et al., 2017 (optogenetic cell-type identification in IC) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Ono et al., 2017 (pure-tone response properties of IC cell types) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Batra et al., 1997c; Joris et al., 1995 (LSO envelope-ITD sensitivity in cat and rabbit) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Bernstein et al., 1985 (human psychophysics of envelope ITD) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → reports that envelope interaural time differences are detected in the lateral superior olive of cat and rabbit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → the behavioural finding that mice cannot use interaural time differences in low-frequency sound to localise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → the proposal that a vestigial binaural circuit can persist in an animal that no longer uses it, as discussed for the Mexican free-tailed bat Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | confirms → psychophysical observations that a large envelope ITD is needed to shift the intracranial image away from the midline Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → the peak-type and trough-type classification of ITD sensitivity established in the rabbit inferior colliculus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | ITD —contrasted-with→ ILD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: head size. A small head gives a small ITD range, so small animals are held to use level differences instead - which is the assumption this paper tests against | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | LSO —contrasted-with→ MSO Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: relative size. The argument for the source is anatomical, not physiological - the LSO is much larger in this animal | concept_edges[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | LSO —causes→ IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: an inference from anatomy and from cat and rabbit recordings, not measured here
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but ITD sensitivity in the IC is 'MOST LIKELY due to' inputs from the LSO; causes is hedged and 'IC' as the target drops the ITD sensitivity. | concept_edges[3] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | lateral lemniscus —causes→ IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.6 — the record marks this weak · note: a second candidate source, raised and left open
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the lateral lemniscus 'MAY contribute' to binaural processing in the IC; causes is hedged. also in: lateral lemniscus · IC | concept_edges[4] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | ICC —part-of→ IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 | concept_edges[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | GABAergic —contrasted-with→ glutamatergic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. status: the paper's own words: is not known · strength of the relation: 1 · note: 25 percent against 75 percent, and the paper's question is whether the two differ in this function also in: GABAergic · glutamatergic | concept_edges[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | trough-type —contrasted-with→ peak-type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the two established alternatives, imported from the rabbit also in: trough-type · peak-type | concept_edges[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | CD —operationalised-as→ ITD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 | concept_edges[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | vector strength —operationalised-as→ ITD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: computed twice per cell - to the beat and to the contralateral modulation - and it is the COMPARISON between the two that kills the local account
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but vector strength quantified PHASE LOCKING of ITD-sensitive neurons; operationalised-as ITD is loose. also in: vector strength · ITD | concept_edges[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | ILD —causes→ IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: SAME SIGN AS THE ITD EFFECT: both cues raise firing when the contralateral side leads or is louder, so they would add
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but in the IC the ILD also evokes a higher firing rate for a louder contralateral sound; 'causes IC' is loose. | concept_edges[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | raised sine —contrasted-with→ SAM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: steeper envelope, more spectral sidebands - which is why the spectral artefact had to be bounded also in: raised sine · SAM | concept_edges[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | rMTF —operationalised-as→ modulation frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the rMTF was MEASURED to evaluate firing-rate change with modulation frequency; operationalised-as is loose. also in: rMTF · modulation frequency | concept_edges[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Rayleigh test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Rayleigh test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Fisher's exact test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Fisher's exact test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | post hoc multiple comparison test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: post hoc multiple comparison test | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: regression | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | vector strength (circular phase-locking measure) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rayleigh test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Rayleigh test | content_tags.statistics[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Two-way ANOVA test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Two-way ANOVA test | content_tags.statistics[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | vector strength Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: vector strength | content_tags.statistics[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | More than half of both inhibitory and excitatory inferior colliculus neurons in the mouse locked their firing to the binaural beat carried in the sound envelope, i.e. they were envelope-ITD sensitive. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | To the authors' knowledge, envelope-ITD sensitivity had not been shown in the mouse auditory pathway before. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The proportion of ITD-sensitive neurons did not differ between glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Characteristic delay coincided with the trough rather than the peak of the ITD curve in most cells, identifying them as trough-type. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Within the mouse's physiological ITD range the ITD curve slopes positively toward the contralateral side for both cell types, so firing is higher when the contralateral envelope leads. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Above 256 Hz modulation, phase-locking to the binaural beat exceeded phase-locking to the monaural contralateral stimulus in most responses. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rate modulation transfer functions of most IC neurons of both types fell into the low-rate, low-pass or band-reject classes for sinusoidal modulation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Glutamatergic neurons synchronized to the beat fired faster than unsynchronized neurons of either type at 64 Hz modulation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The slope of the ITD curve near zero did not differ between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | more than half of both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons synchronised to the binaural beat frequency in the envelopes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 47 neurons were recorded, 18 GABAergic and 29 glutamatergic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | characteristic phase was close to 0.5 in both cell types, which is the trough-type pattern Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the squared deviation from the unity line was significantly smaller for mean trough time than mean peak time, 0.87 against 6.62 ms squared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | within the physiological ITD range the slope was positive toward the contralateral side, whatever the cell type or stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the firing pattern shaped by envelope ITD matches that of level differences, which also favour the contralateral side in these neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | VS contra was larger than VS beat when the modulation frequency was lower than 128 Hz, and smaller than VS beat when it was higher than 256 Hz Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE LOCAL MECHANISM EXCLUDED BY THE PAPER'S OWN DATA: sensitivity at high modulation frequency is not likely to be shaped by coincidence detection in the IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE INGREDIENT IS WORSE THAN THE PRODUCT: a local mechanism needs highly phase-locked monaural inputs, and monaural phase-locking degrades where the sensitivity persists Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | so the sensitivity is more likely inherited from brainstem neurons than built in the midbrain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ARTEFACT BOUNDED RATHER THAN ASSUMED AWAY: the raised sine broadens the spectrum by less than 10 percent even at 512 Hz, so its effect is judged limited Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | NULL BETWEEN CELL TYPES: the percentages synchronised did not differ significantly between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | NULL AGAIN: fewer GABAergic than glutamatergic neurons synchronised to the raised sine, and that difference was not significant either Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the ITD slope was neither significantly different between envelope shapes nor between cell types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE AUTHORS DEFLATE THEIR OWN RESULT: the firing-rate change within the physiological range was very small, so the cue may have minimal effect on these neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND OFFER A VESTIGIAL READING: the sensitivity may belong to a circuit mice no longer use for binaural hearing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the trough of the ITD curve covers most of the mouse's whole physiological range Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the escape route offered is echoes: real environments would deliver longer delays than the head alone allows Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | humans detect these envelope differences well despite limited high-frequency hearing, which is the opposite asymmetry Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[27] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the finding is stated as new for the mouse auditory pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[28] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sound envelope Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sound envelope | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | beat-sensitive neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: beat-sensitive neurons | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | best frequency (BF) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: best frequency (BF) | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | characteristic frequency (CF) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: characteristic frequency (CF) | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | characteristic phase (CP) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: characteristic phase (CP) | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | characteristic delay (CD) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: characteristic delay (CD) | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | envelope Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: envelope | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CP Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: CP | content_tags.definitions[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: CD | content_tags.definitions[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | trough-type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Previous studies reported - THE SUBJECT OF THIS RESULT IS AN INDEFINITE STUDY, NOT THIS PAPER. 'Previous studies reported', 'studies in guinea pig showed', 'recent studies have reported' - somebody else's work under a common noun rather than a name, with a citation in the sentence and no first-person marker. The quote is verbatim and the claim is true; only the attribution is wrong. FOUND BY MEASURING MY OWN CUE'S RECALL: the first sweep required a NAMED author as the subject ('Sperling (1960) demonstrated') and found 17. Reading eleven citation-bearing findings on 'Plakke2016' by hand showed four the cue could not see - 'A study examining recognition found', 'studies of typical human subjects have demonstrated', 'A follow up study found' - so the named cue's 17 was a floor and not a count. A CUE'S FALSE POSITIVES TELL YOU NOTHING ABOUT ITS FALSE NEGATIVES, and the only way to find these was to read a record's whole layer. also in: trough-type | content_tags.definitions[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | vector strength Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: vector strength | content_tags.definitions[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | modulation envelope Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: modulation envelope | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | phase locking of spike responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: phase locking of spike responses | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | slope of the ITD curve around zero ITD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | SPL level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SPL level | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | modulation frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: modulation frequency | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ITD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ITD | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | vector strength Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: vector strength | content_tags.variables[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 47 neurons, of which 18 were GABAergic and 29 were glutamatergic — sample of single units recorded with binaural beat AM sound Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 30 — number of VGAT-ChR2 transgenic mice used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ± 50 μs — the physiological range of interaural time difference available to a mouse, set by head size Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 75 % / 25% — proportion of glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurons making up the inferior colliculus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | close to 0.5 — characteristic phase of both cell types, the value indicating trough-aligned ITD curves Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | left, 30.7 ± 1.1 dB, right, 30.3 ± 1.0 dB, n = 30 — auditory brainstem response thresholds confirming normal hearing in the recorded mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | p = 0.00545 — significance of the change in glutamatergic synchronization across modulation frequency (Fisher's exact test) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ±50 μs — the mouse's physiological ITD range, derived from head size Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | <4 kHz — the ceiling on auditory-nerve phase locking that rules out fine-structure ITD at high frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 75 % and 25% — glutamatergic and GABAergic shares of inferior colliculus neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 47 neurons — the sample: 18 GABAergic, 29 glutamatergic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | less than 40 dB — auditory brainstem response threshold required for an animal to be used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | p = 0.0625 — cell-type comparison of synchronisation percentages, reported as not significant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | p = 0.125 — the same comparison for the raised sine, also reported as not significant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
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What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.