standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 5 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | how to decide which non-human and non-verbal beings possess a property that they cannot report, when no single measurement settles it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether features of conscious experience, which correlate to mechanisms inside the brain, can be logically coupled to externally observable properties Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | six indicators whose CONSISTENCY, rather than any one of which, is used to assess consciousness, integrated into a graded criterion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | consciousness in non-verbal animals and machines Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | consciousness HAS A BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION, which is to PRESENT THE SUBJECT WITH A MULTIMODAL, SITUATIONAL SURVEY of the surrounding world and body, subserving complex decision-making - and this survey REFLECTS THE BRAIN'S CAPACITY FOR INTERNAL MODELING of external events Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and the choice of construct is justified by what can be measured - volition and voluntary decision-making HAVE BEEN DIFFICULT TO TEST OR QUANTIFY IN PRACTICE, WHEREAS GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR IS A WELL-DEFINED CONCEPT THAT HAS BEEN OPERATIONALIZED in studies on animal behavior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The article deliberately adopts a narrow, sensory notion of experience and does not defend it against more inclusive views. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the scope of the whole framework: WE DO NOT THEORETICALLY DENY THE POSSIBILITY OF ADOPTING A MORE INCLUSIVE VIEW ON SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE - the narrow sensory notion is adopted, not defended | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | No proposed indicator constitutes proof of consciousness. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every indicator in the scheme: NONE OF THE PROPOSED INDICATORS OF CONSCIOUSNESS IS HARD IN THE SENSE THAT ITS SATISFACTION WOULD OFFER PROOF OF CONSCIOUSNESS | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Entire taxa are left out of the review because the required evidence is missing. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the taxonomic reach of the review: SPACE IS LACKING TO REVIEW INDICATORS ... FOR AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND INVERTEBRATE SPECIES, SUCH AS CEPHALOPODS AND INSECTS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The scheme is still a general heuristic rather than a quantified scale. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any quantitative use of the scheme: IT OFFERS AS YET A FAIRLY GENERAL HEURISTIC, not a scale | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | AN ENTITY MIGHT BE CONSCIOUS EVEN IF IT FAILS TO SATISFY THEM - absence of evidence is not the same as evidence of absence, and at the same time ONE MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO ATTRIBUTE CONSCIOUSNESS TO ANY ARBITRARY OBJECT without further argumentation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: determining who or what may be conscious, where the indicators can fail in both directions | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the approach IS NECESSARILY INDIRECT AND DOES NOT YIELD DEFINITIVE PROOF, BUT RATHER INDICATIONS - an unavoidable consequence of the position that another being's experience is subjective and that knowledge of it IS ALWAYS INFERENTIAL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the epistemic status of every conclusion drawn with it: THIS APPROACH IS NECESSARILY INDIRECT AND DOES NOT YIELD DEFINITIVE PROOF, BUT RATHER INDICATIONS | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | EACH DEFINITION of a criterion or indicator DEPENDS ON ASSUMPTIONS BEING MADE about what a conscious experience is, how it arises, and what its function may be Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the criteria themselves, and this bounds the entire enterprise: EACH DEFINITION OF A CRITERION OR INDICATOR OF CONSCIOUSNESS DEPENDS ON ASSUMPTIONS BEING MADE ON WHAT A CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE IS - the criterion presupposes the definition it is meant to operationalise | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | clinical indices have two disadvantages - they MAY BE SPECIFIC TO THE HUMAN BRAIN and may not apply to nervous systems that differ substantially, and THE RANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THEY ARE VALID IS INCOMPLETELY KNOWN as they are not derived from a fundamental theory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: nervous systems that differ substantially in structure or function, such as cephalopods | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | COGNITION DOES NOT ENTAIL CONSCIOUSNESS - cognitive activity inferred via brain activity correlates DOES NOT NECESSARILY CORRESPOND TO CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any inference from cognitive measures to consciousness: COGNITION DOES NOT ENTAIL CONSCIOUSNESS; COGNITIVE ACTIVITY (INFERRED VIA BRAIN ACTIVITY CORRELATES) DOES NOT NECESSARILY CORRESPOND TO conscious experience | limitations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | for behaviorally unresponsive patients, CURRENTLY NO UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED CRITERIA ARE AVAILABLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the clinical case specifically: for behaviourally unresponsive patients, CURRENTLY NO UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED CRITERIA ARE AVAILABLE | limitations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the animal verdict is hedged in the sentence that states it - THIS EVIDENCE IS NOT COMPLETELY UNAMBIGUOUS AND IS CERTAINLY FAR FROM COMPLETE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the animal verdict itself, hedged in the sentence that states it: THIS EVIDENCE IS NOT COMPLETELY UNAMBIGUOUS (AND IS CERTAINLY FAR FROM COMPLETE) | limitations[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the summed multi-test scoring logic of the Glasgow Coma Scale, imported to grade consciousness across animal species Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | abductive reasoning (inference to the best explanation) adopted as the method for choosing between competing consciousness theories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | the Glasgow Coma Scale as the model for an integrated, graded score built from several observations rather than one test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the rule that a phenomenon may be attributed to a system only where the system displays manifest properties of it, argued through magnetism in iron against plastic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | goal-directed behavior as an operationalised construct, imported because volition could not be quantified Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | prolonged observation across varying circumstances, proposed as the test for machines in place of a single interrogation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the requirement that a theoretical measure be tested against phenomena researchers can independently agree on Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a measure that cannot be checked - THE VALIDITY of theoretically derived measures CAN ONLY BE ASSESSED BY TESTING THEM AGAINST OTHER, USUALLY EXTERNALLY OBSERVABLE PHENOMENA · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | asking of a theory what would count as disproving it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an untestable framework - A PROBLEM FOR IIT IS THAT NO CRITERIA ARE OFFERED TO ALLOW TO TEST WHETHER IT IS CORRECT OR INCORRECT, and the reply that it needs no cross-validation WOULD MAKE THE THEORY IMMUNE against cross-examination · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): failed | controls[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | requiring that indicators be compatible with more than one theory of the thing they indicate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: indicators that only work inside the framework that proposed them - they are linked to this framework but ARE COMPATIBLE WITH MORE THAN ONE THEORY AND COULD THUS SERVE AS A MORE GENERAL TESTBED · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | prolonged ethological observation instead of a single interrogation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: pre-programmed solutions passing as the real thing - the evidence WILL OPTIMALLY ACCUMULATE ACROSS THE STUDY OF MULTIPLE BEHAVIORS maintained under varying circumstances under which STEREOTYPICAL, PRE-PROGRAMMED SOLUTIONS CAN BE EXCLUDED · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | NO HARD THRESHOLD, SIX INDICATORS, AND THE VERDICT COMES FROM THEIR CONSISTENCY: INSTEAD OF PROPOSING CRITERIA THAT WOULD EACH DEFINE A HARD THRESHOLD, we outline six indicators - and RATHER THAN EMPHASIZING A PARTICULAR INDICATOR AS BEING DECISIVE, THE CONSISTENCY AMONGST THESE INDICATORS CAN SERVE TO ASSESS consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the output a SCORE rather than a verdict: THE INTEGRATION OF SCORES ON THE VARIOUS INDICATORS YIELDS AN OVERALL, GRADED CRITERION, SOMEWHAT COMPARABLE TO THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE for unresponsive patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND A SINGLE NUMBER IS EXPLICITLY REFUSED AS EVIDENCE: the validity of theoretically derived measures SHOULD NOT BE ASSESSED ON THE BASIS OF A SINGLE QUANTIFIABLE MEASURE, BUT REQUIRES CROSS-EXAMINATION ACROSS MULTIPLE PIECES OF EVIDENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE WORD IS CHOSEN TO AVOID A CONNOTATION, AND THE REASON IS GIVEN: many criteria can be best circumscribed as INDICATORS of consciousness, A TERM WHICH AVOIDS THE CONNOTATION OF CRITERION WITH A HARD THRESHOLD in judging whether someone or something is conscious - and OPERATIONAL means SUFFICIENTLY CONCRETE TO APPLY THEM IN THE PRACTICE OF OBSERVING Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and a synonym is declared WITH the dissent attached: we will use CONSCIOUSNESS INTERCHANGEABLY WITH AWARENESS, WITHOUT DENYING THAT A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM HAS BEEN DRAWN in some previously proposed frameworks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE CRITERIA CAN FAIL IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AND THE PAPER SAYS SO IN ITS INTRODUCTION: AN ENTITY MIGHT BE CONSCIOUS EVEN IF IT FAILS TO SATISFY THEM, ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS EVIDENCE OF ABSENCE - and equally, ONE MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO ATTRIBUTE CONSCIOUSNESS TO ANY ARBITRARY OBJECT IN NATURE WITHOUT FURTHER ARGUMENTATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the epistemic ceiling stated as a consequence rather than a caveat: the approach IS NECESSARILY INDIRECT AND DOES NOT YIELD DEFINITIVE PROOF, BUT RATHER INDICATIONS, because knowledge about another subject's experience IS ALWAYS INFERENTIAL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and every definition is made to declare its own priors: EACH DEFINITION OF A CRITERION OR INDICATOR DEPENDS ON ASSUMPTIONS BEING MADE ON WHAT A CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE IS, if and how it arises, WHAT ITS BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION MAY BE, and how it relates to basic computational operations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A MEASURE THAT CANNOT BE CROSS-VALIDATED IS REFUSED: A PROBLEM FOR IIT IS THAT NO CRITERIA ARE OFFERED TO ALLOW TO TEST WHETHER IT IS CORRECT OR INCORRECT - and the defense that it needs no cross-validation IS FLAWED BECAUSE IT WOULD MAKE THE THEORY IMMUNE AGAINST ANY FORM OF CROSS-EXAMINATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the general principle stated in one sentence, about magnetism: A PARTICULAR PHENOMENON X CAN ONLY BE CLAIMED TO OCCUR IN A SYSTEM IF THE SYSTEM EXHIBITS MANIFEST PROPERTIES INDICATING THAT X IS OCCURRING IN THAT SYSTEM - iron but not plastic can be said to have magnetic properties BECAUSE IT DISPLAYS properties of attraction and repulsion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND A CATEGORY THAT APPLIES TO EVERYTHING CARRIES NO INFORMATION: the term UNAWARENESS ONLY FINDS LINGUISTIC USE IF IT ARBITRATES BETWEEN CONTRASTING STATES - IF EVERYTHING IN OUR ENVIRONMENT WOULD ALWAYS BE CONSCIOUS, THE CONCEPT WOULD LOSE ITS USEFULNESS IN DAILY OR SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and a measure is faulted for having no referent: the quantity DOES NOT REFER TO ANYTHING BEYOND THE SYSTEM'S STATE IT DESCRIBES, it LEAVES THE KEY FEATURE OF INTENTIONALITY UNRESOLVED, and DOES NOT QUANTIFY TO WHAT EXTENT a system GENERATES BELIEFS ABOUT, OR REPRESENTATIONS OF, SOMETHING Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the indicators deliberately built to outlive the theory that proposed them: they are linked to this framework but ARE COMPATIBLE WITH MORE THAN ONE THEORY AND COULD THUS SERVE AS A MORE GENERAL TESTBED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AN EXISTING CLINICAL INDEX FAULTED ON TWO GROUNDS: it MAY BE SPECIFIC TO THE HUMAN BRAIN AND MAY NOT APPLY to nervous systems that differ substantially, and THE RANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH IT IS VALID IS INCOMPLETELY KNOWN AS IT IS NOT DERIVED FROM A FUNDAMENTAL THEORY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and a correlate that does not carry the thing: COGNITION DOES NOT ENTAIL CONSCIOUSNESS - cognitive activity, INFERRED VIA BRAIN ACTIVITY CORRELATES, DOES NOT NECESSARILY CORRESPOND TO CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the state of the art stated plainly for the hardest case: CURRENTLY NO UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED CRITERIA ARE AVAILABLE for behaviorally unresponsive patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A behavior CAN SATISFY AN INDICATOR WITHOUT THE THING BEING THERE: THERE IS NOTHING IN THE DEFINITION OF GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR THAT PRECLUDES PRE-PROGRAMMED BEHAVIORS FROM SATISFYING IT - a robot kicks a ball into a goal IN A PRE-PROGRAMMED FASHION AND WILL STEREOTYPICALLY REPEAT ITS ACTION PATTERN Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the same indicator may be met by a different route entirely: artificial systems MAY DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO SATISFY BEHAVIORAL INDICATORS by computing solutions IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAN THOSE EVOLVED THROUGH BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, so machines COULD DISPLAY SUCH INTELLIGENT, NON-AUTOMATED BEHAVIORS WITHOUT NECESSARILY BEING CONSCIOUS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | so the test must be longitudinal rather than a snapshot: a different approach is needed THAN A BRIEF TURING-TYPE OF TEST WHICH ONLY PROVIDES A SNAPSHOT of a machine's cognitive capacities OBTAINED BY INTERROGATION, and ADDITIONAL CRITERIA MAY WELL BE NEEDED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the rationale for accumulation stated: the evidence WILL OPTIMALLY ACCUMULATE ACROSS THE STUDY OF MULTIPLE BEHAVIORS, MAINTAINED UNDER VARYING ENVIRONMENTAL CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH STEREOTYPICAL, PRE-PROGRAMMED SOLUTIONS CAN BE EXCLUDED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the current verdict on machines given as a status, not a conclusion: CURRENT INTELLIGENT MACHINES, INCLUDING DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS AND AGILE ROBOTS, ARE NOT INDICATED TO BE CONSCIOUS YET Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE ANIMAL VERDICT CARRIES ITS OWN HEDGE IN THE SAME SENTENCE: although THIS EVIDENCE IS NOT COMPLETELY UNAMBIGUOUS AND IS CERTAINLY FAR FROM COMPLETE, THE FORCE OF THE COMBINED ANATOMIC, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL-COGNITIVE ARGUMENTS MAKES A FAIRLY STRONG CASE that rodents and birds do have consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the method is declared plural on purpose: THIS APPROACH IS PLURALISTIC IN THE SENSE THAT IT IS OPEN TO RECOGNIZING THE VALIDITY OF MULTIPLE SOURCES OF POTENTIAL EVIDENCE - PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, ANATOMICAL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the construct chosen for its measurability rather than its centrality: volition and voluntary decision-making HAVE BEEN DIFFICULT TO TEST OR QUANTIFY IN PRACTICE, WHEREAS GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR IS A WELL-DEFINED CONCEPT THAT HAS BEEN OPERATIONALIZED in studies on animal behavior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: an inside-out approach - start from features attributed to subjective experience and infer externally observable properties, recognising multiple kinds of evidence as valid Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: review — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: a multimodal, situational survey of the surrounding world and body, which the paper argues is what consciousness is for Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: consciousness in non-verbal animals and machines — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Integrated Information Theory (Tononi, 2004; Tononi et al., 2016) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether one component suffices: IIT'S CRITERION FOR ASCRIBING CONSCIOUSNESS TO A SYSTEM IS INSUFFICIENT BECAUSE INTEGRATED INFORMATION PROCESSING CONSTITUTES ONLY ONE COMPONENT OF THE TYPE OF WORLD-MODELING ACTIVITY WE CALL CONSCIOUSNESS | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Ressler (2004), who proposed learning per se as a criterion for consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether learning is enough on its own: OUR POSITION DIVERGES FROM (RESSLER, 2004) WHO ARGUED THAT LEARNING PER SE MAY BE USED AS CRITERION FOR CONSCIOUSNESS, AS ILLUSTRATED BY CONDITIONING IN HONEYBEES | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Gutfreund (2017) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether computation and consciousness compete: COMPUTATION AND CONSCIOUSNESS ARE NOT TWO PHENOMENA STANDING IN OPPOSITION TO EACH OTHER, so AN INCREASED UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPUTATIONAL MECHANISMS... DOES NOT MAKE IT LESS LIKELY THAT THIS SPECIES IS CONSCIOUS | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Seth et al. (2005) on functional analogs of cortex and thalamus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | critiques → criteria that define a hard threshold, in favour of indicators whose consistency is read together Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether any single indicator is treated as decisive | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → Information Integration Theory, which offers no criteria by which it could be shown incorrect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether the measure is cross-validated against | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the position that a fundamental theory of consciousness requires no cross-validation against conventional criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether the theory owes anything to the conventional criteria: A PROBLEM FOR IIT IS THAT NO CRITERIA ARE OFFERED TO ALLOW TO TEST WHETHER IT IS CORRECT OR INCORRECT, against the reply that IIT OFFERS A FUNDAMENTAL, NEW LAW THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE CROSS-VALIDATION AGAINST MORE CONVENTIONAL WAYS OF CONCEPTUALIZING CONSCIOUSNESS | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → a brief Turing-type test as a way of assessing machine consciousness, since it is a snapshot obtained by interrogation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: what the test observes and for how long: A BRIEF TURING-TYPE OF TEST WHICH ONLY PROVIDES A SNAPSHOT OF A MACHINE'S COGNITIVE CAPACITIES OBTAINED BY INTERROGATION - and MACHINES, HAVING MUCH FASTER PROCESSING UNITS AT THEIR DISPOSAL, MAY USE OTHER STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING COMPLEX PROBLEMS, so the same behaviour need not indicate the same thing | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → goal-directed behavior as an indicator, chosen because it has been operationalised where volition has not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → its own verdict on animals, which the same sentence calls not completely unambiguous and far from complete Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS THE STRENGTH OF THE CASE, STATED IN THE SAME SENTENCE AS THE CONCLUSION. 'We have reviewed evidence for consciousness in several mammalian and avian species and - although this evidence is not completely unambiguous (and is certainly far from complete) - the force of the combined anatomic, physiological and behavioral-cognitive arguments makes A FAIRLY STRONG CASE.' The qualifier is inside the parenthesis and the conclusion is outside it: a citation keeps the clause after the dash. | claim_relations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | predicts → that evidence for machine consciousness would accumulate only through prolonged study across multiple behaviors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | indicator —contrasted-with→ threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS WHETHER ONE INDICATOR CAN BE DECISIVE. 'Quotation withheld' The proposal replaces a threshold on one measure with agreement across many - which means no single experiment can settle the question and no single negative result can rule it out. Note this record's [6] says a rival theory offers no criteria to test it at all: the same paper distinguishing a weak criterion from an absent one. · strength of the relation: 1 · note: INSTEAD OF PROPOSING CRITERIA THAT WOULD EACH DEFINE A HARD THRESHOLD, we outline six indicators - and RATHER THAN EMPHASIZING A PARTICULAR INDICATOR AS BEING DECISIVE, THE CONSISTENCY AMONGST THESE INDICATORS CAN SERVE TO ASSESS consciousness | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | indicator —operationalised-as→ consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span outlines indicators of consciousness; operationalised-as is loose. also in: indicator · consciousness | concept_edges[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | indicator —distinct-from→ criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE WORD IS CHOSEN TO AVOID A CONNOTATION - INDICATORS is A TERM WHICH AVOIDS THE CONNOTATION OF CRITERION WITH A HARD THRESHOLD | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | consciousness —same-as→ awareness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: declared interchangeable WITHOUT DENYING THAT A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM HAS BEEN DRAWN IN SOME PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED FRAMEWORKS - a same-as edge with its dissent attached also in: consciousness · awareness | concept_edges[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | IIT —contrasted-with→ intentionality Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: a measure with no referent - it DOES NOT REFER TO ANYTHING BEYOND THE SYSTEM'S STATE IT DESCRIBES and LEAVES THE KEY FEATURE OF INTENTIONALITY UNRESOLVED
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but IIT 'leaves the key feature of intentionality UNRESOLVED'; contrasted-with is loose. also in: IIT · intentionality | concept_edges[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | The paper proposes six indicators of consciousness: goal-directed behavior and model-based learning; anatomical and physiological substrates for integrative multimodal representation; psychometrics and meta-cognition; episodic memory; susceptibility to illusions and multistable perception; and specific visuospatial behaviors. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Consciousness is argued to have the biological function of giving the subject a multimodal, situational survey of world and body that supports complex decision-making and goal-directed behavior. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | No single indicator is decisive; it is the consistency of scores across the whole set of indicators that raises or lowers the case for consciousness in a species. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Integrating scores across indicators gives an overall, graded criterion for consciousness, somewhat comparable to the Glasgow Coma Scale for unresponsive patients. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rodents and birds score positively on every one of the six indicators - goal-directed behavior and model-based learning, anatomy and physiology, psychometrics and metacognitive judgment, episodic memory, illusion induction, and visuospatial behavior - although much of the supporting evidence remains incomplete. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Present-day deep learning networks and agile robots are not yet indicated to be conscious. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The feed-forward scheme of deep convolutional networks leaves no place to incorporate the genesis of an internal model. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Integrated Information Theory would be forced to attribute some consciousness to too many systems, including non-living ones such as weather systems. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Integrated Information Theory leaves intentionality unresolved: it does not explain how neural systems generate contents about something other than themselves. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rather than a brief Turing-style test, evidence of machine consciousness may accumulate from prolonged ethological study of many behaviors demanding flexibility, improvisation and spontaneous problem-solving. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A pre-programmed robot that opens a door may be argued to exhibit goal-directed behavior. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Failing the proposed indicators does not establish that a subject is unconscious, because absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | INSTEAD OF PROPOSING CRITERIA THAT WOULD EACH DEFINE A HARD THRESHOLD FOR CONSCIOUSNESS, WE OUTLINE SIX INDICATORS, and THE CONSISTENCY AMONGST THESE INDICATORS CAN SERVE TO ASSESS CONSCIOUSNESS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE INTEGRATION OF SCORES ON THE VARIOUS INDICATORS YIELDS AN OVERALL, GRADED CRITERION FOR CONSCIOUSNESS, SOMEWHAT COMPARABLE TO THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | their validity SHOULD NOT BE ASSESSED ON THE BASIS OF A SINGLE QUANTIFIABLE MEASURE, BUT REQUIRES CROSS-EXAMINATION ACROSS MULTIPLE PIECES OF EVIDENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | INDICATORS OF CONSCIOUSNESS is A TERM WHICH AVOIDS THE CONNOTATION OF CRITERION WITH A HARD THRESHOLD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | we will use the term CONSCIOUSNESS INTERCHANGEABLY WITH AWARENESS, WITHOUT DENYING THAT A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM HAS BEEN DRAWN in some previously proposed frameworks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AN ENTITY MIGHT BE CONSCIOUS EVEN IF IT FAILS TO SATISFY THEM, and ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE IS NOT THE SAME AS EVIDENCE OF ABSENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the approach IS NECESSARILY INDIRECT AND DOES NOT YIELD DEFINITIVE PROOF, BUT RATHER INDICATIONS, since knowledge about another subject's experience IS ALWAYS INFERENTIAL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | EACH DEFINITION OF A CRITERION OR INDICATOR OF CONSCIOUSNESS DEPENDS ON ASSUMPTIONS BEING MADE ON WHAT A CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE IS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A PROBLEM FOR IIT IS THAT NO CRITERIA ARE OFFERED TO ALLOW TO TEST WHETHER IT IS CORRECT OR INCORRECT, and the alternative position WOULD MAKE THE THEORY IMMUNE AGAINST ANY FORM OF CROSS-EXAMINATION AND CROSS-VALIDATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A PARTICULAR PHENOMENON X CAN ONLY BE CLAIMED TO OCCUR IN A SYSTEM IF THE SYSTEM EXHIBITS MANIFEST PROPERTIES INDICATING THAT X IS OCCURRING IN THAT SYSTEM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | IF EVERYTHING IN OUR ENVIRONMENT WOULD ALWAYS BE CONSCIOUS, THE CONCEPT WOULD LOSE ITS USEFULNESS IN DAILY OR SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the quantity used to assess consciousness DOES NOT REFER TO ANYTHING BEYOND THE SYSTEM'S STATE IT DESCRIBES, and LEAVES THE KEY FEATURE OF INTENTIONALITY UNRESOLVED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the indicators are COMPATIBLE WITH MORE THAN ONE THEORY AND COULD THUS SERVE AS A MORE GENERAL TESTBED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | clinical indices MAY BE SPECIFIC TO THE HUMAN BRAIN, and THE RANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THEY ARE VALID IS INCOMPLETELY KNOWN AS THEY ARE NOT DERIVED FROM A FUNDAMENTAL THEORY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | COGNITION DOES NOT ENTAIL CONSCIOUSNESS - cognitive activity DOES NOT NECESSARILY CORRESPOND TO CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CURRENTLY, NO UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED CRITERIA ARE AVAILABLE for assessing behaviorally unresponsive patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[27] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THERE IS NOTHING IN THE DEFINITION OF GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR THAT PRECLUDES PRE-PROGRAMMED BEHAVIORS FROM SATISFYING IT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[28] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | intelligent machines COULD DISPLAY SUCH INTELLIGENT, NON-AUTOMATED BEHAVIORS WITHOUT NECESSARILY BEING CONSCIOUS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[29] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | a different approach is needed THAN A BRIEF TURING-TYPE OF TEST WHICH ONLY PROVIDES A SNAPSHOT of a machine's cognitive capacities Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[30] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CURRENT INTELLIGENT MACHINES, INCLUDING DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS AND AGILE ROBOTS, ARE NOT INDICATED TO BE CONSCIOUS YET Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[31] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | although THIS EVIDENCE IS NOT COMPLETELY UNAMBIGUOUS AND IS CERTAINLY FAR FROM COMPLETE, the combined arguments MAKE A FAIRLY STRONG CASE THAT RODENTS AND BIRDS DO HAVE CONSCIOUSNESS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[32] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | indicators of consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: indicators of consciousness | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | inside-out approach Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inside-out approach | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | qualitative richness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: qualitative richness | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | situatedness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: situatedness | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | intentionality Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intentionality | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | integration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: integration | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | dynamics and stability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: dynamics and stability | content_tags.definitions[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | goal-directed behavior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: goal-directed behavior | content_tags.definitions[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | model-based learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: model-based learning | content_tags.definitions[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: episodic memory | content_tags.definitions[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | conscious-like behavior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: conscious-like behavior | content_tags.definitions[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | indicator Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: indicator | content_tags.definitions[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: consciousness | content_tags.definitions[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | awareness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: awareness | content_tags.definitions[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | six — number of indicators of consciousness the authors propose in place of hard-threshold criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | six indicators — the number of separate observable properties whose CONSISTENCY, not any one of which, is read as evidence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | indicator Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: indicator | content_tags.variables[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | measure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: measure | content_tags.variables[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
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What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.