standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | hippocampal cell-assembly coding of auditory pitch and duration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The pitch and duration information may in fact be coded first in sensory cortex and only reflected in hippocampus. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the claim that the hippocampus codes this information: THE SENSORY INFORMATION OF INPUTS (DURATION AND PITCH) AND/OR THE TASKS WITH THEM MIGHT BE CODED AND PROCESSED FIRST IN SENSORY AREAS AND THEN PASSED ONTO AND REFLECTED IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Recording within one region cannot capture assemblies that are distributed across regions. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the assemblies this design can detect: INVESTIGATION OF A GLOBAL CELL ASSEMBLY AMONG PLURAL REGIONS IS NECESSARY, BECAUSE ENSEMBLE CODING BY CELL ASSEMBLIES CAN BE DIFFUSE | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Whether the dual-coding scheme generalises beyond hippocampus is untested here. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the generality of the dual-coding scheme: OTHER BRAIN REGIONS SHOULD ALSO BE STUDIED, AS DUAL CODING WITH CELL ASSEMBLY MIGHT BE COMMON ACROSS MANY DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Neuron pairs with fewer than 2000 combined discharges were excluded from the cross-correlation analysis. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every cross-correlation result, which describes the more active pairs: NEURON PAIRS WHOSE COMBINED TOTAL NUMBERS OF DISCHARGES WERE LESS THAN 2000 DURING A TASK WERE NOT INCLUDED | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The cell-assembly model is described as supported by the correlation analysis, not established by it. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the cell-assembly account offered here: the authors state that cross-correlation analysis among simultaneously recorded neurons supported the suggested model | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The interpretation of temporal coding rests on an imported philosophical argument. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the claim that time is coded together with other stimulus attributes: the authors invoke a philosophical argument that we tend to perceive time not as independent information but as information concomitant with other physical attributes of stimuli | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | Bergson's philosophical account of time perception is imported as the interpretive model for why duration is never coded on its own but always alongside another stimulus attribute Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | one of the four discriminative stimuli presented in random order at the start of every trial, in both tasks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the animal anticipating which stimulus is coming - a predictable sequence would let it prepare the response before the stimulus arrives, which is the thing the neurons are being read for · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | cell assemblies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell assemblies | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | single neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: single neurons | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | dual coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: dual coding | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Cross-correlation analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cross-correlation analysis | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | philosophical argument Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: philosophical argument | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| senses | the division of labour - TWO LEVELS, TWO OBJECTS, IN ONE SENTENCE: single neurons encode the auditory pitches and temporal lengths themselves, while cell assemblies encode the TYPE OF TASK - the context in which that information is processed - so 'the hippocampus codes pitch' is true at one level and beside the point at the other Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | dual coding - A BORROWED NAME, ATTRIBUTED: the paper states the phenomenon HAS BEEN CALLED dual coding and cites the source, then reports it demonstrated in several brain regions, so the term arrives with a history rather than being coined here; the citation itself is cut from the span because the staged text mangles the author name Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the cell-assembly model's standing - SUPPORTED BY A CORRELATION: the verification is that cross-correlation analysis among simultaneously recorded neurons supported the suggested model, which is a consistency check rather than an independent measurement of an assembly Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → Sakurai (1996a) cell-assembly coding model of stimulus-discrimination tasks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → dual-coding hypothesis (Arieli et al., 1996; Riehle et al., 1997; de Oliveira et al., 1997) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Henri Bergson's theory of the perception of time (Bergson, 1889) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | cell assemblies —contrasted-with→ single neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: what each level encodes: the stimulus attributes themselves, or the type of task in which they are processed · strength of the relation: 1 also in: cell assemblies · single neurons | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kruskal-Wallis test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kruskal-Wallis test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | confidence interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: confidence interval | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Every hippocampal neuron that discriminated long from short tones in the duration task was also task-related in the pitch task, without exception. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Neurons related only to the pitch task were the most numerous class, and not a single neuron was related to the duration task alone. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The author infers that temporal information cannot be coded independently by dedicated neurons, whereas pitch information can. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The cell assembly encoding the duration task is not separate but sits entirely inside the assembly encoding the pitch task. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 37 neuron pairs supported the nested cell-assembly hypothesis against 11 that did not. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The study concludes for dual coding: single neurons carry both the pitch and the duration of the tones, while cell assemblies carry which task (context) the animal is performing. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | dual coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: dual coding | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | cross-correlation analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cross-correlation analysis | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | single-neuron coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: single-neuron coding | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | cell-assembly coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell-assembly coding | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | type of information Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: type of information | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | discriminative stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: discriminative stimulus | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | activity correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: activity correlation | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 113 — total hippocampal neurons recorded, split 68 in CA1 and 45 in CA3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 48 — neuron pairs that entered the cross-correlation analysis, 28 from CA1 and 20 from CA3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 37 ... 11 — neuron pairs supporting versus contradicting the nested cell-assembly model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | X2(2) = 48.1, P 6 .001 — chi-squared test showing the three classes of task-related neurons differ in proportion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 12 — number of 5-month-old male albino rats used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 85 dB ... 10 kHz ... 2 kHz — intensity and the high/low frequencies of the four discriminative tones, presented at 3 s or 1 s Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 85% — correct-trial criterion each rat had to reach in a session before moving on in training Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.