standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 8 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | which local circuit interactions generate the hippocampal ripple, and which of three long-standing competing models survives a direct test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether pyramidal cells, interneuron-interneuron interactions, or pyramidal-interneuron loops set the ripple rhythm in the intact brain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | shows pyramidal activation is necessary and fast GABA-A inhibition obligatory, that PV activation alone cannot make a ripple but can pace one, and proposes a hybrid PYR-INT-INT model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | hippocampal ripple oscillations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | depolarising 80-100 nearby pyramidal cells is enough to make a ripple-like oscillation, so the minimal generating network is small Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | fast GABA-A inhibition is obligatory: blocking it locally abolishes the oscillation entirely Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | PV interneuron activation cannot create a field ripple but does organise spiking into coherent ripple-frequency patterning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | coherence across sites is not volume conduction; it comes from correlated input driving several local oscillators at once Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | synchronisation needs only the RISING phase of inhibition to be fast, because each pyramidal cell fires about once per ripple and a different set fires on each cycle Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | removing inhibition does not simply stop the rhythm - it converts it into a faster, pathological one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | In transgenic mice, light may also have activated CA2/CA3 terminals rather than only CA1 pyramidal cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: results from the transgenic animals: IN TRANSGENIC MICE WE CANNOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY THAT TERMINALS OF THE CA2/CA3 INPUTS WERE ALSO ACTIVATED BY LIGHT - answered by THE CONSISTENT OBSERVATIONS IN VIRUS-INJECTED WILD-TYPE ANIMALS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The effect of the induced oscillations on the content and sequence of spiking during natural ripples was not tested. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that induced oscillations carry native spike content: HOW THE OPTOGENETICALLY INDUCED HFOs AFFECT THE SPIKE CONTENT, INCIDENCE, AND SEQUENTIAL NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING NATIVE RIPPLES REMAINS TO BE ADDRESSED | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The pharmacological and some optogenetic experiments were done under urethane anaesthesia. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the receptor-blockade and some optogenetic results: THEY WERE CARRIED OUT IN ANESTHETIZED ANIMALS, though SEVERAL CONTROL EXPERIMENTS SUGGESTED THAT THE RESULTS APPLY TO THE DRUG-FREE BRAIN | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Changes in oscillation amplitude and frequency during long light pulses may be an opsin artefact rather than a network property. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the long-pulse amplitude and frequency observations: THIS CHANGE CAN ALSO REFLECT OPSIN DESENSITISATION rather than a property of the network | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | in transgenic animals the light may also have activated CA2/CA3 terminals, addressed by repeating in virus-injected wild-types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the transgenic experiments, checked against | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | induced oscillations differ from spontaneous ones in mean frequency and in the phase separation between cell types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that induced and spontaneous oscillations are the same thing: A RELATIVELY LOWER MEAN FREQUENCY OF iHFOs ASSOCIATED WITH A RELATIVELY LARGER PHASE SEPARATION BETWEEN PYRAMIDAL CELLS AND INTERNEURONS DURING iHFOs | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the waxing and waning under long illumination may be opsin desensitisation rather than a network property Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[3] - the waxing and waning under PROLONGED ILLUMINATION (E.G., 400 ms SQUARE PULSE) | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | whether induced oscillations carry the same spike content as native ripples is left open Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - spike content during native ripples, left open | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | during the pathological fast ripples single neurons cannot be resolved at all, so that state is measurable only at the field level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: single-neuron claims during the pathological state: DURING THE SUPERSYNCHRONOUS FAST RIPPLES, ACTION POTENTIALS OF INDIVIDUAL NEURONS COULD NOT BE DISCRIMINATED DUE TO THE TEMPORALLY SUPERIMPOSED SPIKES OF MANY NEURONS | limitations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | cell-type-specific activation and silencing, used here to convert a correlative question into an interventional one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | closed-loop feedback: detect the event in real time and perturb it while it is happening Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | spike-train coherence between spatially separated sites as the test of a common timing source Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | light stimulation applied IN ALTERNATION, so every session yields both sham (detection without stimulation) and light (detection with stimulation) conditions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that a difference between stimulated and unstimulated events is drift across the session - alternation puts both conditions in the same minutes · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | sham events were classified as true or false positives by the same overlap rule applied to offline-detected ripples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the detector's hit rate is measured on stimulated events alone, where the stimulation itself could create the thing being detected · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | ripple vs fast-gamma: two names for events separated only by frequency and amplitude, which THIS paper merges by fiat into 'ripples' - the boundary is a convention, not a joint Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | fast ripples = NOT a faster kind of ripple but a nonphysiological epileptic oscillation at 200-300 Hz; the name looks like a subtype and the referent is a pathology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | iHFO = the optogenetically induced oscillation, deliberately named apart from 'ripple' so that the model is not confused with the thing modelled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | PYR and INT here are OPTOGENETICALLY tagged, not waveform-guessed: classification uses the light response plus physiological criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| senses | summed PYR = all pyramidal spikes on a shank agglomerated into one train; a unit of analysis constructed for statistical power, which nearly triples the coherent fraction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: multisite optogenetic activation and closed-loop ripple-triggered silencing in freely behaving rodents, with focal GABA-A blockade and dense extracellular recording Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: the sharp wave-ripple: a high-frequency field oscillation in CA1 associated with memory consolidation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: hippocampal ripple oscillations — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the hypothesis that tonic GABA release facilitates axonally generated spikes in the axon-net model (Traub et al., 2003; Bähner et al., 2011) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the DIRECTION of the effect of more GABA: activation of PV and SOM interneurons, ACCOMPANIED BY PRESUMED INCREASE OF RELEASED GABA, ABORTED RATHER THAN FACILITATED spontaneous ripples | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the simple interneuron-interneuron (INT-INT) model of ripple generation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether pyramidal cell activity rises: LFP RIPPLES ARE NOT MAINTAINED DURING INTER-NEURON ACTIVATION IN THE ABSENCE OF INCREASED PYRAMIDAL CELL ACTIVITY | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | replicates → Ponomarenko et al., 2004; Nguyen et al., 2009; Sullivan et al., 2011 (within-event deceleration of ripple frequency) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Stark et al., 2012 (diode-probe optical fibres) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the axon-net / gap junction model of ripple generation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: which cell type the coupling was shown in, and what the blocker also does: CONNEXIN COUPLING BETWEEN CA1 PYRAMIDAL CELLS HAVE NOT BEEN DEMONSTRATED, AND GAP JUNCTION BLOCKERS OFTEN INTERFERE WITH RECEPTOR-MEDIATED INHIBITION - while ELECTRICAL COUPLING BETWEEN INTERNEURONS IS WELL DEMONSTRATED | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the hypothesis that tonic GABA release facilitates axonally generated spikes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the DIRECTION of the effect: ABORTED RATHER THAN FACILITATED | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the simple interneuron-interneuron model, which predicts interneuron activation alone should suffice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: which cells are driven, and whether the drive is rhythmic: IN CONTRAST TO PYR ACTIVATION, WHICH READILY GENERATES iHFOs, NON-RHYTHMIC ACTIVATION OF PV INTERNEURONS CANNOT INDUCE LFP OSCILLATIONS | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → recurrent collateral excitation as the ripple timer Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the region: THIS HYPOTHESIS DOES NOT EXPLAIN WHY RIPPLES IN THE CA3 REGION WITH ITS RICH RECURRENT NETWORK ARE LESS EXPRESSED - the structure with more recurrence has fewer ripples | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → in vitro studies that dismissed inhibition on the strength of KCl-reinstated oscillations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the frequency and the burst structure of the oscillation being compared: THE KCl-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS WERE VERY FAST (>200 Hz) AND WERE COUPLED WITH LONG SPIKE BURSTS OF PYRAMIDAL CELLS, UNLIKE NATURALLY OCCURRING RIPPLES | claim_relations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → systemic diazepam evidence for inhibitory pacing, confounded by effects on ripple occurrence and amplitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: what else the drug changed: THE DRUGS ALSO REDUCED THE OCCURRENCE, AMPLITUDE, AND DURATION OF RIPPLES, so the pacing reading is not isolated | claim_relations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | reconciles → the interneuron-interneuron and pyramidal-interneuron model families, as a hybrid PYR-INT-INT scheme Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether transient pyramidal excitation is included: a HYBRID MODEL THAT INCLUDES SPW-INDUCED TRANSIENT EXCITATION OF PYRAMIDAL CELLS, COMBINED WITH THE PACING ABILITY OF INTERNEURON INTERACTIONS | claim_relations[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | fast ripples —distinct-from→ ripple Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: 200-300 Hz and nonphysiological/epileptic. The name reads as a subtype of the healthy phenomenon and denotes a pathology
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says PTX was followed by higher-frequency epileptic oscillations; distinct-from is loose. also in: fast ripples · ripple | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | fast gamma —same-as→ ripple Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.6 — the record marks this weak · note: identity asserted BY FIAT for convenience within this paper - 'for simplicity, we will refer to them as ripples'. True here, not licensed elsewhere
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says fast gamma and ripples will be referred to together for simplicity; same-as is a naming choice. also in: fast gamma · ripple | concept_edges[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | iHFOs —contrasted-with→ ripple Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS WHERE THE DRIVE COMES FROM. 'Quotation withheld.' Two events that look alike in the local field are separated by the breadth of their input, which is not visible in the signal being compared - so a study classifying events by waveform is classifying by something other than the mechanism. · strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: the induced oscillation is kept terminologically separate from the spontaneous one, and the paper lists where they diverge | concept_edges[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | GABA A —causes→ iHFOs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: necessary, shown by abolition under focal blockade - which is also what defeats the axon-net model | concept_edges[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | picrotoxin —causes→ fast ripples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: removing inhibition does not stop the rhythm, it converts it to the pathological one
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says epileptic oscillations emerged after PTX; causes is loose. also in: picrotoxin · fast ripples | concept_edges[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —is-a→ interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: PV · interneurons | concept_edges[7] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | iHFOs —distinct-from→ volume-conducted Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: distance falloff excludes passive spread as the source of multi-site coherence
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says ripple coherence across sites is not a volume-conducted effect; distinct-from iHFOs is loose. also in: iHFOs · volume-conducted | concept_edges[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | superficial —contrasted-with→ deep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 also in: superficial · deep | concept_edges[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | circular correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: circular correlation | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | circular-linear correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: circular-linear correlation | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rayleigh test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Rayleigh test | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F-test with Bonferroni correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: F-test with Bonferroni correction | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon's paired signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon's paired signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[10] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | coherence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coherence | content_tags.statistics[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[12] | 0.7 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Optogenetically depolarizing a small local group of CA1 pyramidal cells was enough to generate ripple-frequency oscillations, while silencing pyramidal cells directly or indirectly (by driving PV or somatostatin interneurons) terminated ripples that were already underway. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Focal blockade of GABA-A receptors completely abolished locally induced high-frequency oscillations, showing that pyramidal-pyramidal interactions by themselves cannot produce ripples and that fast inhibition is required. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Non-rhythmic activation of PV interneurons could not induce field-potential ripples, so a simple interneuron-interneuron model cannot account for LFP ripples. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Although PV activation produced no field ripple, it did impose ripple-frequency coherence on ensemble spiking, so interneuron-interneuron interactions can set the timing even when they cannot create the oscillation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blocking fast inhibition reduced the phase coherence between simultaneously induced oscillations at separate sites, showing that interneurons are what keeps spatially separate ripple oscillators locked together. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Pyramidal cells fired roughly a quarter-cycle (about 90 degrees) ahead of interneurons on every ripple cycle, with mean phases of 157 degrees for pyramidal cells and 242 degrees for interneurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Superficial CA1 pyramidal cells were entrained to ripples more often (64% versus 57%) and with higher peak firing gain (12.4 versus 9.2) than deep pyramidal cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Physiological ripples and pathological "fast ripples" are produced by different mechanisms, because removing fast inhibition destroys the first while creating the second. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Locally induced oscillations fell to 2% of local power 400 micrometres away and to baseline beyond that. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | depolarising a small local group of pyramidal cells is sufficient to induce a ripple-like oscillation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | focal GABA-A blockade abolishes the induced oscillation completely, so pyramidal-pyramidal interaction alone cannot generate it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | silencing pyramidal cells, directly or via PV or SOM interneurons, aborts ongoing spontaneous ripples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | tonic PV activation cannot induce a field ripple, but does organise ensemble spiking into coherent ripple-frequency oscillations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | simultaneous multisite induction produces coherence at distances where single-site induction gives chance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | removing inhibition converts the physiological rhythm into 200-300 Hz epileptic fast ripples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the same spikes give 12.4% coherent pairs as single units and 35% when agglomerated per shank Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | connexin 36 ablation does not alter in vivo ripples, and pyramidal-pyramidal connexin coupling was never demonstrated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | superficial pyramidal cells are entrained more often and more strongly than deep ones Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the same induction works in dentate gyrus and in layer 5 of somatosensory cortex, so the mechanism is not hippocampus-specific Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | induced high-frequency oscillations (iHFOs) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | threshold light intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: threshold light intensity | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | summed INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: summed INT | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ripple Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ripple | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | sharp wave Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sharp wave | content_tags.definitions[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | iHFOs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: iHFOs | content_tags.definitions[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | axon-net model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: axon-net model | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | INT-INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: INT-INT | content_tags.definitions[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PYR-INT loop Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PYR-INT loop | content_tags.definitions[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PYR-INT-INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PYR-INT-INT | content_tags.definitions[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | summed PYR Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: summed PYR | content_tags.definitions[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | receptor blockade Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: receptor blockade | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | global frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: global frequency | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coherence between nearby sites Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coherence between nearby sites | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | light intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light intensity | content_tags.variables[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | distance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: distance | content_tags.variables[6] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | cell type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell type | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sublayer Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sublayer | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 115,204 ripples — total number of spontaneous fast-gamma/ripple events analysed, with median frequency 148 Hz and duration 43 ms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 80–100 — upper estimate of the number of CA1 pyramidal cells directly illuminated at maximum light intensity, taken as the size of the minimal ripple-generating network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 6-fold — increase in CA1 neuron firing rate during spontaneous ripples relative to no-ripple epochs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 3,885 — total putative single cells recorded from CA1 across 47 animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 2% ± 0.3% — induced oscillation power at 400 micrometres from the illuminated shank, relative to power at the illuminated site Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 258/737 (35%) — proportion of summed-pyramidal/summed-interneuron spike-train pairs showing significant ripple-band coherence during spontaneous ripples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 790/6369 (12.4%) — proportion of coherent pairs when the same spikes were analysed as single neurons instead of summed populations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 23% — median reduction of inter-site ripple-band coherence after GABA-A receptor blockade Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 16% — median Bayes error of the classifier separating true from false online ripple detections Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 80-100 — CA1 pyramidal cells directly illuminated at maximum light - the size of the minimal generating network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 148 Hz, 43 ms, 115,204 — median frequency, median duration and total number of ripples recorded Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 200-300 Hz — frequency of the epileptic fast ripples that follow GABA-A blockade Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 90-140 Hz vs 140-180 Hz — the published frequency bands separating fast gamma from ripple Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 2% at 400 um — induced oscillation power two shanks away, against 89% for spontaneous ripples at the same distance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 12.4% vs 35% — coherent pairs from the same spikes, as single units versus agglomerated per shank Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 1 mM picrotoxin, 13-52 nl — the focal GABA-A blockade dose and volume Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
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What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.