Percepts to recollections: insights from single neuron recordings in the human brain

Suthana, Fried · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · 2012 · neuroscience · 10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.006 · record Suthana2012-percepts-to-recollections-insights-from-sing
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (xml); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim relations is deliberately EMPTY. This is a narrative review, so almost every sentence describes named prior work (Cerf and colleagues, Gelbard-Sagiv and colleagues, Rutishauser and colleagues, Suthana and colleagues, Liu and colleagues), but nowhere does the article state a relation between its own contribution and a specific named study - it reports those studies rather than positioning itself for or against them. Recording an inferred relation here would have been a falsehood, so the array is left empty per the rule. Claim type is existence: the review's assembled claim is that MTL neurons possess these response properties, not an account of the causal mechanism producing them. 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

1 quote on this page breaks a word across a line. The PDF this text was extracted from hyphenated a word at the end of a printed line — adversar- ial, repre- sentations — and the extractor kept the hyphen and the space. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing: the break is the typesetter’s, not the author’s. A search of this page will not find the affected words.

2 quotations on this page contain a reference number where the paper printed a superscript. This journal style prints citations as raised numerals — parameters^12,13 — and the extraction flattened them into the line, so the sentence reads parameters 12 , 13 . The digits are citation markers and not part of what the author wrote. The quotes keep them for the same reason they keep every other extraction fault: a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing.

This record’s own method is review, and the tags below follow from that. A review’s findings, quantities and statistics are things stated IN this paper, and some of them report results obtained elsewhere. No tag on this page names a different author. Measured across every review in this corpus, 81% of a review’s tags carry no citation at all — most of them are the review speaking. The corpus does not adjudicate the rest: read an unmarked tag as a claim this paper makes, not necessarily one it made first.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
concept 9 fields · episodic memory 3 fields · familiarity 2 fields · Spikes 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 16 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

medial temporal lobe MTL episodic memory declarative memory invariant conscious perception place cells grid cells recollection familiarity theta local field potentials spike sorting perirhinal hippocampus entorhinal MTL neurons transform novel percepts into sparse, abstracted-yet-detailed representations, and it is this abstraction that later allows the representation to be summoned by either internal or external cues, producing conscious episodic recall Representations must carry both detail and abstraction (loss of detail) so that a partial internal or external cue is sufficient to reactivate them Entorhinal stimulation enhances memory by resetting the phase of the hippocampal theta rhythm, aligning encoding with a favourable oscillatory phase concept parahippocampal amygdala free recall sparse Medial temporal lobe (MTL) Spikes Local field potentials (LFPs) Recollection vs. familiarity invariant response display time firing rate spike-field coherence subsequently remembered versus forgotten review

Legend

second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfer	`transfers`	a method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.006. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 5 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 4 · content_tags 44 · contribution 1 · limitations 13 · mechanisms 10 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 5 · transfers 2

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 4 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	the response properties of single medial temporal lobe neurons in humans, from perception to recollection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	what neuronal code carries the transformation from sensory information to consciously retrievable episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	collects the properties of human MTL neurons - selective, invariant, late, tied to conscious perception, internally generatable, reactivated before recall - into one account of an explicit, abstracted code Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	single-neuron coding in the human medial temporal lobe during perception and episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: MTL neurons transform novel percepts into sparse, abstracted-yet-detailed representations, and it is this abstraction that later allows the representation to be summoned by either internal or external cues, producing conscious episodic recall	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Representations must carry both detail and abstraction (loss of detail) so that a partial internal or external cue is sufficient to reactivate them	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Entorhinal stimulation enhances memory by resetting the phase of the hippocampal theta rhythm, aligning encoding with a favourable oscillatory phase	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	the hippocampus sits at the top of a multisensory hierarchy, receiving object information via perirhinal and spatial information via parahippocampal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[3]`	0.9	the tagger's words
mechanisms	invariance crosses sensory modality: the same neuron responds to a concept presented as image, sound or written word Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	selective responses appear only when the subject consciously recognises the stimulus, and are near-silent when recognition fails Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	imagining a stimulus recruits the same neuron that fires when it is seen, and subjects can steer a display by modulating two such neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	hippocampal and entorhinal neurons reactivate just before a spontaneous verbal report of recall, and only those regions do Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	firing-rate correlation across successive time points within an episode grows with repetition and predicts later recall, proposed as temporal binding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	entorhinal white-matter stimulation enhances memory and resets hippocampal theta phase, offered as the mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[9]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	The human single-neuron dataset is rare and constrained by what clinical circumstances permit. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the evidence base for human single-neuron work: THE DATA PRESENTED ARE RARE AND LIMITED BY CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Recordings are only possible where electrodes are implanted for clinical reasons, restricting the tasks and settings that can be studied. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any generalisation beyond the implanted population: STUDIES ARE DONE ONLY IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED IN THE BRAIN FOR SPECIFIC CLINICAL REASONS	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Sampling is biased to anterior and middle hippocampus, so anterior-posterior comparisons cannot yet be made. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: anterior-posterior comparisons along the hippocampal axis: SYSTEMATIC ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR ANALYSIS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL AXIS WILL HAVE TO AWAIT FUTURE STUDIES	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	No human perirhinal neurons have been recorded, so the proposed hippocampus/perirhinal recollection-familiarity dissociation cannot be tested. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the proposed hippocampal/perirhinal dissociation: HUMAN SINGLE NEURON STUDIES TO DATE HAVE NOT RECORDED FROM PERIRHINAL NEURONS, so FUTURE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO INVESTIGATE THIS DISSOCIATION	`limitations[3]`		the tagger's words
limitations	correlation of single-neuron responses with conscious percepts does not establish that the region is necessary for them Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: necessity claims specifically: THE CORRELATION OF SINGLE NEURON RESPONSES IN THE MTL WITH SPECIFIC CONSCIOUS PERCEPTS DOES NOT IMPLY THAT THESE REGIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR CONSCIOUS PERCEPTS	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	most stimuli used were highly familiar to the participant, so the responses may partly reflect familiarity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the studies that used familiar stimuli, and the familiarity reading of their responses: THEY OFTEN USED STIMULI THAT WERE HIGHLY FAMILIAR TO THE PARTICIPANT (E.G. A FAMILY MEMBER OR FAMOUS PERSON/LANDMARK)	`limitations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the recognition-related responses were not stimulus-specific and so need not represent single memories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: single-memory claims: THE RESPONSES IN THE PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED STUDIES WERE NOT SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL STIMULI AND THUS DO NO NECESSARILY REPRESENT SINGLE MEMORIES	`limitations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	no human single-neuron study has recorded from perirhinal cortex, leaving the key dissociation untested Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[3] - the hippocampal/perirhinal recollection-familiarity dissociation, untested because no human perirhinal neurons have been recorded	`limitations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	recordings come only from patients confined to a hospital room who cannot navigate a real environment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: real-world navigation studies: PATIENTS LIMITED TO THEIR HOSPITAL ROOM WHO CANNOT NAVIGATE A REAL ENVIRONMENT DURING RECORDINGS	`limitations[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	fewer than 100 neurons are recorded at once, scattered across regions chosen on clinical grounds Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any population-level claim: Quotation withheld AND THESE NEURONS MAY BE DISTRIBUTED ACROSS SEVERAL BRAIN AREAS, WHICH NEED TO BE CLINICALLY SAMPLED	`limitations[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	spikes on one microelectrode probably come from several neighbouring neurons, especially in densely packed hippocampus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: single-neuron claims in dense structures: SPIKES DETECTED ON A SINGLE MICROELECTRODE MOST LIKELY ORIGINATE FROM SEVERAL NEIGHBORING NEURONS, ESPECIALLY WITHIN BRAIN AREAS THAT HAVE DENSELY PACKED CELLULAR STRUCTURES, SUCH AS THE HIPPOCAMPUS	`limitations[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	recordings are almost all anterior and middle hippocampus, so the anterior-posterior axis cannot yet be analysed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - the anterior-posterior axis, unanalysable while recordings are ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE only	`limitations[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	electrode bundles can be localised to about 1 mm but individual electrodes within a bundle cannot be separated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any localisation finer than the bundle: BUNDLES OF MICROELECTRODES CAN BE LOCALIZED TO AREAS AS SMALL AS 1mm, ALTHOUGH SEPARATION OF A SINGLE MICROELECTRODE FROM ITS BUNDLED NEIGHBORING ELECTRODES IS STILL A CHALLENGE	`limitations[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	the place cell, transferred twice - literally to human virtual navigation, and metaphorically to concept coding in a cognitive multidimensional space Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	reactivation of a fear memory by stimulating specific hippocampal neurons, held up as the model for a causal human approach Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[1]`	0.8	the tagger's words
senses	invariant here means invariant across physical form AND across sensory modality - image, sound, written name - not merely across viewpoint Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	place cell is used twice over: literally for rodent and human spatial cells, and metaphorically for concept cells as place cells in a cognitive multidimensional space Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	recollection versus familiarity is a behavioural distinction operationalised by whether spatial position is also recalled; the hippocampal data are read as tracking memory strength instead Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	declarative memory is defined here by what the SUBJECT can report, which is why the paper argues the question belongs to humans Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	ultra sparse coding, asserted for MTL - note that Rigotti2013 reports PFC representations are rather dense, a different region and the opposite value of the same construct Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[4]`	0.9	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
alternatives	method: narrative review of intracranial single-neuron recordings in epilepsy patients implanted for clinical reasons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: review — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.method`		the tagger's words
alternatives	phenomenon: concept-level coding in the human medial temporal lobe Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: single-neuron coding in the human medial temporal lobe during perception and episodic memory — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.phenomenon`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	cites → Gelbard-Sagiv et al. on hippocampal reactivation before free recall - a paper independently tagged in this corpus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → the view that MTL neurons code concepts explicitly and invariantly Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	qualifies → the inference from selective responses to necessity for conscious perception Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → the account of hippocampus as tracking memory strength rather than distinguishing recollection from familiarity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[3]`	0.9	the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → rodent place-cell physiology, by proposing concept cells as place cells in a cognitive space Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[4]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concept_edges	EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · recollection —contrasted-with→ familiarity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span named neither. This clause names both and sets them as the two mechanisms a recognition task can run on. — strength of the relation: 1 · note: and the hippocampal data are read as NOT respecting the distinction Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says the hippocampus does not differentiate recollection from familiarity; contrasted-with is loose. also in: recollection · familiarity	`concept_edges[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · theta —causes→ episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span described the coordination without naming episodic memory. This sentence names both and states the claim the edge records - 'implicate A DIRECT ROLE FOR theta-linked spiking activity…' - which is a stronger causal reading than the old span supported. — status: PREDICTIVE, NOT DEMONSTRATED CAUSAL. The span reports that the tighter spike-theta coordination PREDICTED which memories succeeded; nothing was manipulated, so the direction of the arrow is an inference the paper does not test. · strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: predictive rather than demonstrated causal; the weight carries that Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but theta-linked spiking predicted subsequent memory; causes overstates a prediction. also in: theta · episodic memory	`concept_edges[4]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	recollection —contrasted-with→ familiarity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the relation was always stated, the endpoint names were not in the span. also in: recollection · familiarity	`concept_edges[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	theta —causes→ episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. also in: theta · episodic memory	`concept_edges[6]`	0.95	the tagger's words
content_tags	The selective responses of human MTL neurons are invariant not only across different pictures of the same concept but across sensory modality, firing to the spoken name, written name or image of the same entity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Selective and invariant MTL responses have relatively long latencies, often 300-500 ms. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	MTL neurons selective for an image significantly increase firing only if the subject recognises it, even at 33 ms exposure. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Subjects can volitionally drive the firing of individual MTL neurons to determine which of two competing images is displayed, overriding the actual visual input on the screen. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Hippocampal and entorhinal neurons selectively active during the initial viewing of a film episode were reactivated just before the subject verbally reported recalling it. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Tighter phase coordination between hippocampal spiking and the theta LFP during encoding predicts whether that particular image will later be remembered. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Growing correlation of a hippocampal neuron's firing across successive time points within an episode, built up over repetitions, predicts later recall of that episode. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Single hippocampal neurons distinguished new from old stimuli after a single trial, independently of whether spatial position was recalled. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Deep-brain stimulation of the entorhinal white matter during learning enhances later recall, whereas stimulation of the hippocampus itself does not. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	MTL neurons respond to a concept across radically different images and even its written name Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the invariance holds across sensory modality - image, audio, written word Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	selective responses are late, 300-500 ms, and longer than those seen in animal studies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	a neuron fires for its concept only when the subject reports recognising it, even at 33 ms exposure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	imagining a stimulus recruits the same neuron as seeing it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	subjects steered a display by modulating two independently selective neurons, overriding the visual input Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	hippocampal and entorhinal neurons reactivate before a spontaneous report of recall; amygdala and frontal cortex do not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[15]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the reactivation was visible in a single free-recall trial in a single neuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	new selective responses to experimenters formed over hours or days Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[17]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	several rodent cell types - grid, border, head-direction, time - have not yet been characterised in humans Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[18]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Episodic memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Episodic memory	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Medial temporal lobe (MTL) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Medial temporal lobe (MTL)	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Spikes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Spikes	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Local field potentials (LFPs) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Local field potentials (LFPs)	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Recollection vs. familiarity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Recollection vs. familiarity	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	invariant response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: invariant response	`content_tags.definitions[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	declarative memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: declarative memory	`content_tags.definitions[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	spike sorting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike sorting	`content_tags.definitions[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	display time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: display time	`content_tags.variables[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	firing rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: firing rate	`content_tags.variables[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	spike-field coherence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike-field coherence	`content_tags.variables[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	subsequently remembered versus forgotten Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: subsequently remembered versus forgotten	`content_tags.variables[4]`	0.9	the tagger's words
content_tags	300 msec - 500 msec — typical latency range of selective, invariant MTL single-neuron responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	33 to 256 msec — range of image display durations used to dissociate conscious recognition from stimulus presence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	3–8Hz — frequency band of the theta LFP oscillation implicated in human memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	30–100 Hz — frequency band of the gamma oscillation linked to the recall-predicting theta amplitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	100 images (50 old and 50 new stimuli) — size and composition of the recognition-memory test set in the spike-theta encoding study Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	7 out of 8 — trials on which one example subject successfully faded the target actor's image by controlling neuronal firing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	less than 100 — number of neurons that can currently be recorded simultaneously in a human depth-electrode setup Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	300 to 500 ms — latency of selective invariant responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	33 to 256 ms — the display-time range over which recognition gates the response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	3 to 8 Hz theta — the oscillation predicting encoding success Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	fewer than 100 neurons simultaneously — the ceiling of the human recording setup Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	about 1 mm — the precision to which an electrode bundle can be localised Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	spike-field coherence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike-field coherence	`content_tags.statistics[0]`	0.9	the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

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What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.