standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| unrecordable relation | unhoused_relations | a relation the paper asserts that this vocabulary cannot express, with the reason |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | time scales of memory, learning, and synaptic plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The review is selective rather than exhaustive; only key findings are discussed for each link. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the review's coverage: TO AVOID THIS, ONLY KEY FINDINGS ARE DISCUSSED | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The mapping from physiological mechanism to behaviour is not established, so the links presented are possibilities rather than established correspondences. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every mechanism-to-behaviour link the review draws: BECAUSE IT IS NOT CLEAR WHICH MECHANISM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHICH BEHAVIOR, WE DISCUSSED POSSIBLE LINKS | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only links with existing experimental or modelling support are treated; missing links are flagged as open questions rather than covered. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the set of links the review treats at all: UP TO THIS POINT WE HAVE ONLY DISCUSSED LINKS FOR WHICH THERE IS ALREADY EXPERIMENTAL SUPPORT OR THEORETICAL MODELING | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The review's two neighbouring memory categories are given non-overlapping time ranges. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any use of 'time scale' across these memory terms: working memory is given a range of milliseconds to minutes and short-term memory one of minutes to days, so the expression names different spans for adjacent categories | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The ordering between the two categories is stated to be unresolved and posed as a question. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any account of memory transfer drawn from this review: the interaction between short- and long-term memory is said to remain unclear, and whether an item must pass through short-term memory first is asked rather than answered | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | A construct used throughout the learning-algorithm literature has no established physiology for its longer form. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any physiological reading of eligibility traces: they are used in many learning-algorithm approaches to bridge time gaps, and the authors state the physiological basis of longer traces is unclear | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | working memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: working memory | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | short-term memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: short-term memory | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | long-term memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long-term memory | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | eligibility traces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: eligibility traces | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | time scale Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: time scale | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| unhoused_relations | consolidation → retrieval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. THE TWO CANNOT BE SEPARATED IN THIS STUDY - the DESIGN form of the negative relation / No edge type can express it: all eight assert that a relation HOLDS. Recorded here because a confounding statement BOUNDS WHAT THE PAPER'S OWN RESULTS CAN MEAN, and it lives in a methods paragraph where nothing downstream will find it. A memory deficit cannot be attributed to either of the two processes the field distinguishes - so the distinction survives in the vocabulary while being unusable on the data. | unhoused_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| senses | a time scale - THREE DIFFERENT SPANS UNDER ONE EXPRESSION: working memory milliseconds to minutes, short-term memory minutes to days, long-term memory up to what the authors put in scare quotes as 'infinity'; the phrase that organises the whole review denotes a different quantity in each of its three sections Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | long-term memory's upper bound - IN THE AUTHORS' OWN SCARE QUOTES: given as up to 'infinity', with the immediate qualification that it is still under debate how items can be stored for such a long time, so the widest value in the review is the one marked as least settled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | an eligibility trace - A MODELLING DEVICE WITHOUT ITS PHYSIOLOGY: named in 1943 and used in many learning-algorithm approaches to bridge time gaps, while the physiological basis of the longer traces is stated to be unclear, so the algorithms assume a mechanism the review declines to underwrite Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Martin et al. (2000) four criteria for relating plasticity to learning and memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Hebb (1949) proposed link between long-term memory and long-term plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | working memory —contrasted-with→ short-term memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the span each covers: milliseconds to minutes, versus minutes to days · strength of the relation: 1 also in: working memory · short-term memory | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Working memory spans milliseconds to minutes, while short-term memory stores items over minutes to days. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Having different storage time scales could avoid the deletion of important information. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Robot experiments show that when different time scales interact, more complex behaviour can be obtained. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Caenorhabditis elegans shows synaptic plasticity but no experience-based structural plasticity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Varshney et al. 2011), long time scale] was found - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. The cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Where the record is a commentary or review, its claim relations layer usually already names the paper being discussed - the record knows at one layer and forgets at another. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Of the proposed memory-physiology links, working memory-to-activity and long-term-memory-to-structural-plasticity have experimental support, whereas the classic long-term-memory-to-long-term-plasticity link is still disputed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | So far, mimicry cannot be experimentally induced. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rats in enriched environments build significantly more dendritic spines than controls. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Adding synaptic scaling with a quadratic weight dependence to a generic plasticity rule can be shown mathematically to stabilise weight development. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Structural plasticity is modelled only computationally because no analytical models of network topology change exist yet. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Whether the exact human forgetting curve is exponential or a power law remains unsettled. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | working memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: working memory | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | long-term memory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: long-term memory | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chunking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chunking | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | detectability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: detectability | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | retrograde alteration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: retrograde alteration | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | structural plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: structural plasticity | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | eligibility traces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: eligibility traces | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | intrinsic plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intrinsic plasticity | content_tags.definitions[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | synaptic tagging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: synaptic tagging | content_tags.definitions[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | reservoir computing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reservoir computing | content_tags.definitions[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | synaptic scaling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: synaptic scaling | content_tags.definitions[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | about 10 days — how quickly the nervous system's storage capacity would be exhausted if every bit of input were stored Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | four and seven — the number of items working memory can hold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | tens of milliseconds — the time scale of the postsynaptic potential, the shortest memory-like physiological trace Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | μ = 0.01 corresponds to 100 ms — how the alpha-function time-scale parameter maps onto the filter's temporal duration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | four — the number of criteria Martin et al. proposed for establishing that plasticity underlies learning and memory (detectability, mimicry, anterograde and retrograde alteration) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | milliseconds to seconds — the time scale of short-term plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | hours to several days — the time scale on which structural plasticity rewires the network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.