standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | The construction and implantation of a movable silicon-probe microdrive for chronic recording in freely moving rodents. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | The microdrive design is a set of trade-offs rather than an optimum, which is why different drives suit different applications Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | The probe shanks must be aligned parallel to the travel axis so that advancing moves them through tissue rather than cutting across it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Insulation at the bonding area keeps cerebrospinal fluid from short-circuiting the connections Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Grounding is a continuous electrical path through fluid, screw, wire and mesh, and a break anywhere in it produces artefact or mains noise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | A protruding drive above the shielding acts as an antenna, which is fixed by grounding the drive itself Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | Recording alone cannot settle cause and effect, so the remedy is to identify cell types and then drive them - which is where optogenetics enters Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[9] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The measurements are correlational, so causal relations among neuronal activity patterns cannot be resolved by this method. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any cause-effect reading of the recordings the method produces: GIVEN THE CORRELATIONAL NATURE OF THESE MEASUREMENTS, THE CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP ... REMAINS INEVITABLY AMBIGUOUS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only a single-probe implantation is demonstrated; multi-probe recording is asserted but not shown. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the multi-probe claim: WE ILLUSTRATED THE IMPLANTATION OF A SINGLE SILICON PROBE, and the rest CAN BE READILY ACCOMPLISHED AFTER SOME PRACTICE - asserted, not demonstrated | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The filmed surgery is a demonstration in which several preparatory, surgical and postoperative steps are omitted. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the video as a protocol to work from: SEVERAL PREPARATORY STEPS, SURGICAL PRECAUTIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE PROCEDURES ARE NOT SHOWN/VISIBLE OR DISCUSSED | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The authors state the correlational limit of the whole method: no amount of recording settles cause and effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - no quantity of recording settles cause and effect | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Both the tissue and the probe are fragile, and the critical steps are the ones where either can be damaged Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the success rate: CRITICAL STEPS ... ARISE FROM THE FRAGILITY OF BOTH BIOLOGICAL (BRAIN TISSUE) AND TECHNICAL (SILICON PROBE) MATERIALS | limitations[4] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Injury during preparation or afterwards destroys the unit activity the method exists to capture Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the unit activity the method exists to capture: ANY INJURY TO THE BRAIN TISSUE ... WOULD RESULT IN DAMAGING THE CELLS AND JEOPARDIZING THE RECORDING OF UNIT ACTIVITY | limitations[5] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The filmed procedure omits preparatory, surgical and postoperative steps for the sake of visibility Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2], stated outright: THE (MOCK) SURGERY SHOWN IN THIS VIDEO IS FOR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY | limitations[6] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only a single-probe implantation is demonstrated, with multi-probe work left to practice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - one probe shown, multiple probes asserted | limitations[7] | the tagger's words | |
| senses | recording - as evidence about WHAT HAPPENS: which neurons fire when, which the method delivers at scale Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | recording - as evidence about WHAT CAUSES WHAT: which it cannot deliver at any scale, because the measurements are correlational Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the limit - as a matter of SAMPLE SIZE: solvable by recording more neurons, perhaps every neuron in the volume Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the limit - as a matter of KIND: not solvable by more recording at all, and requiring identification plus manipulation instead Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → the decade of ensemble recording work in small and large-brained animals including humans Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | critiques → the sufficiency of recording alone for understanding circuit mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | shank —part-of→ silicon probes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span speaks of 'a multiple shank silicon probe'; part-of is loose. also in: shank · silicon probes | concept_edges[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | theta —part-of→ local field potential Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: theta · local field potential | concept_edges[4] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | cell types —part-of→ neural assemblies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but each cell type 'uniquely contributes to assembly behavior'; part-of is loose. also in: cell types · neural assemblies | concept_edges[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | cluster analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cluster analysis | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Recording from 64-128 sites simultaneously in a behaving rodent is now as easy as recording from 2 wire-electrode sites a decade earlier. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Silicon-based multiple-site devices are effective for ensemble recording because they scale to many sites, occupy small volume, and have controlled geometric design. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Example recordings show a prominent 8 Hz theta oscillation in the local field potential during exploration, with spiking superimposed on multiple shanks and sites. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The recorded electrophysiological signals depend both on which brain structure the probe sits in and on what the animal is doing at the time. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Even large-scale silicon-probe recordings cannot establish cause and effect between neuronal activity patterns, because the measurements are purely correlational. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The authors project that refined large-scale probes combined with new mathematical and modelling work will allow recording from a representatively large fraction, or perhaps all, of the neurons in the volume a multi-shank probe surveys. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | recording from 64 to 128 sites in a behaving rodent is now as easy as two sites were a decade earlier Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the example recordings show theta-band field oscillation with spiking superimposed across shanks during exploration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | recording from a representatively large fraction, or perhaps every neuron, in the surveyed volume is projected as reachable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ideal microdrive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ideal microdrive | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | microdrive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: microdrive | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | electrophysiological signals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiological signals | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 20 000 Hz — wideband sampling rate of the chronic recordings, chosen so that both LFP oscillations and spikes can be studied Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 35-70 micrometers — how far the probe is advanced per day (1/8 to 1/4 turn of the drive screw) while searching for the target structure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 64 to 128 — number of sites now routinely recorded simultaneously in a behaving rodent, versus 2 sites with wire electrodes a decade earlier Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 8 Hz — frequency of the theta-band local field potential oscillation seen in CA1 during open-field exploration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 4-shank, 32-site — the probe configuration demonstrated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 20 000 Hz — the sampling rate allowing both field potentials and spikes from the same wideband signal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 64 to 128 sites — what is routine now against two sites a decade before Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 8 Hz — the theta rhythm visible in the example hippocampal recording Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.