Recalibration of Auditory Space following Milliseconds of Cross-Modal Discrepancy

Wozny, Shams · The Journal of Neuroscience · 2011 · neuroscience · 10.1523/jneurosci.6079-10.2011 · record Wozny2011-recalibration-of-auditory-space-following-mi
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. The article body as supplied begins with PMC site boilerplate and the title/author block; nothing was quoted from that region. Claim type is 'existence' (single-exposure recalibration occurs) rather than 'mechanism' — the paper explicitly leaves the level of processing of the visual bias open. No effect was found for sound recalibrating vision, but that is a subsidiary observation reported as 'data not shown', so the record is not coded null-result. 2026-08-12, 2026-08-14, 2026-08-15 and 2026-08-25 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.
1 quote on this page may have lost a superscript, a subscript or a fraction slash. Nothing in it is corrupt — every character survived. What did not survive is POSITION: whether a digit sat above the line, below it, or between two others. So x 10 9 may be x 10⁹, chi 2 5 may be chi-squared with five degrees of freedom, and 1 2 may be one half. Read any expression here against the published paper before relying on it.
How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
reliability 5 fields · working memory 4 fields · standard deviation 3 fields · linear regression 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 18 concept tags on this paper, 3 are grounded in a quoted sentence. 16 carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
cross-sensory recalibration ventriloquist aftereffect auditory spatial map AV discrepancy response bias perceptual bias perception of unity teaching signal self-supervised learning motor adaptation sensorimotor adaptation working memory unisensory auditory plastic state learning rate reliability auditory–visual discrepancy auditory localization Vision acts as a teaching signal that corrects the auditory spatial map because visual location estimates are far more reliable (lower response variance) than auditory ones, producing self-supervised learning without external feedback Perceived unity of the two signals plus the size of the discrepancy jointly gate recalibration, so a sizable map shift happens only when the conflict is likely to reflect systematic error rather than noise, which keeps the perceptual system stable unisensory bisensory spatial localization Kruskal–Wallis Bonferroni–Holm azimuth multisensory shift in perceived auditory location spatial discrepancy type of stimuli position along the azimuth AV spatial discrepancy number of repeated exposures Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA by ranks Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA by ranks test Wilcoxon signed-rank test two-sided Wilcoxon signed rank test multiple-comparison correction Bonferroni–Holm correction standard deviation an average SD standard error of the mean mean ± SEM. across observers linear regression fitted well by a straight line with a positive slope SD behavioural-experiment

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second readingalternativesan independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other workclaim_relationshow this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
conceptconceptsan idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contributioncontributionwhat the paper claims to add
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanismmechanismshow the reported effect is said to come about
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
object of studyobject_of_studywhat the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
research questionresearch_questionthe question the paper sets itself
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfertransfersa method or concept carried in from another field
unrecordable relationunhoused_relationsa relation the paper asserts that this vocabulary cannot express, with the reason

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.6079-10.2011. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 9 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 5 · concepts 3 · content_tags 59 · contribution 1 · controls 2 · limitations 9 · mechanisms 13 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 6 · transfers 2 · unhoused_relations 1

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; 1 of 5 relations here carries that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facettagfieldconf.whose words
object_of_studyhow quickly the auditory spatial map is recalibrated by conflicting visual information, and whether accumulated evidence of error is required to trigger it
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object_of_studythe paper's words
research_questionis cross-sensory recalibration engaged from the first discrepancy, or only after repeated and consistent error
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research_questionthe paper's words
contributionshows the auditory spatial map shifts after a single 35 ms exposure to an audiovisual discrepancy, so recalibration is continuously operational rather than triggered by accumulated error
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contributionthe paper's words
claim_typeexistence
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claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenonvisual recalibration of auditory space
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phenomenonthe paper's words
methodbehavioural-experiment
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methodthe paper's words
mechanismsmechanisms
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[0]the tagger's words
mechanismsmechanisms
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[1]the tagger's words
mechanismsthe field's default position is diagnosed as an artefact of which experiments existed: no one had tested single exposures, so the accumulation account won implicitly
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mechanisms[2]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe experiment is not built but found - pseudorandom interleaving in a dataset collected for another question makes every auditory trial's predecessor a single-exposure manipulation
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mechanisms[3]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismstwo accounts that agree on most trials are separated by isolating the subset where they predict opposite directions
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mechanisms[4]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe dependent measure is defined relative to each observer's own average response to that sound position, so a shift of zero is what randomness would give
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mechanisms[5]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe preceding-auditory-trial condition serves as the control that a general response bias would also have produced, and it shows nothing
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mechanisms[6]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsan unmeasured variable - whether the two stimuli were perceived as one event - is recovered indirectly from the spatial judgments themselves
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mechanisms[7]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe cutoff defining that inferred variable is disclosed as arbitrary and checked for robustness
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mechanisms[8]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe decay of the effect is traced by stepping back through the trial history rather than by a separate experiment
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mechanisms[9]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsaccumulation is measured by finding runs of consecutive same-direction discrepancies that the randomisation happened to produce
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mechanisms[10]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe paper names the possibility that its own randomised design created the plasticity it reports
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mechanisms[11]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe stability objection is answered by the unity dependence: large shifts happen only when the signals are taken to share a source, which is when a discrepancy implies a real error
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mechanisms[12]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsA response-level (rather than perceptual) account of the visual bias cannot be ruled out.
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what this limits: the perceptual interpretation of the visual bias: a response-level account CANNOT BE RULED OUT, though previous sound position had no effect on the current auditory response
limitations[0]the tagger's words
limitationsThe reason the effect fails to cross the midline is undetermined.
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what this limits: the hemifield result specifically: IT IS NOT CLEAR WHETHER THIS REFLECTS A MIDLINE BOUNDARY or something else - the effect does not transfer across hemifields
limitations[1]the tagger's words
limitationsPerceived unity was inferred from spatial judgements rather than reported by observers.
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what this limits: any claim resting on perceived unity: it was inferred from spatial judgements rather than reported by the observers
limitations[2]the tagger's words
limitationsThe trajectory of recalibration over repeated exposures needs a dedicated, larger and blocked design.
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what this limits: the time course of recalibration: FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD FURTHER EXPLORE THE DYNAMICS OF RECALIBRATION ... WITH LARGER SAMPLE SIZES AND ADDITIONAL NUMBER OF REPETITIONS
limitations[3]the tagger's words
limitationsthe visual-location bias cannot be shown to be perceptual rather than a decision-level response bias
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what this limits: the perceptual interpretation of the visual-location bias: a general response bias explanation is LESS LIKELY; HOWEVER, THIS EXPLANATION CANNOT BE RULED OUT
limitations[4]1.0the tagger's words
limitationswhy vision teaches audition and not the reverse is undecided between reliability weighting and a fixed teacher role
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what this limits: the reliability-weighting account of why vision teaches audition: ONE MODALITY (E.G., VISION) [may] ENJOY THE HARDWIRED STATUS OF TEACHER REGARDLESS OF THE QUALITY OF THE SIGNAL AT ANY GIVEN TIME
limitations[5]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsthe randomly varying discrepancies may themselves have induced an unusually plastic state
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what this limits: the recalibration rate reported here: EXPOSURE TO RANDOMLY VARYING DISCREPANCIES ACROSS TRIALS IN THIS EXPERIMENT INDUCED THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO ENTER A 'PLASTIC STATE', THUS RESULTING [in] A HIGHER RATE OF RECALIBRATION THAN USUAL
limitations[6]1.0the tagger's words
limitationswhether the shift is capped or the learning rate slows is not resolved
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what this limits: the plateau in the shift: it COULD BE DUE TO A HARDWIRED CAP ON THE DEGREE OF CHANGE IN THESE BASIC MAPS, OR ALTERNATIVELY, DUE TO A SLOWING DOWN OF THE LEARNING RATE
limitations[7]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsperception of unity was never asked for and had to be inferred from the responses
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what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - perception of unity was never asked for and had to be inferred from the spatial responses
limitations[8]1.0the tagger's words
transfersthe teaching signal and self-supervised learning, imported to describe one modality correcting another with no external feedback
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transfers[0]0.95the tagger's words
transfersthe trial-by-trial adaptation-to-induced-error paradigm, imported as the expected timescale that sensory maps were assumed not to share
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transfers[1]0.95the tagger's words
controlsstimulus position along the azimuth was randomised across trials
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eliminates: that a shift in reported location is a response bias built up over an ordered sequence · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[0]0.95the tagger's words
controlsthe size of the shift was examined as a function of audiovisual discrepancy, including the largest discrepancies
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eliminates: that the recalibration is ordinary visual capture - at large discrepancies visual bias should fall away, and the shift does not · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[1]0.95the tagger's words
conceptsventriloquist aftereffect
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concepts[1]0.9the paper's words
conceptsauditory–visual discrepancy
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concepts[16]the paper's words
conceptsauditory localization
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concepts[17]the paper's words
unhoused_relationsperception → learning
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NO BOUNDARY CAN BE DRAWN - the CONCEPTUAL form of the negative relation / This is a claim about the concepts themselves, not about this study's data. No edge type can express it: all eight assert that a relation HOLDS. Four words that dissolve a boundary two literatures are built on. There is nowhere in the schema for a FINDING WHOSE CONTENT IS THAT A DISTINCTION IS LESS SHARP THAN ASSUMED.
unhoused_relations[0]the tagger's words
sensesrecalibration - as a slow developmental or post-injury repair process versus as a continuously running self-maintenance mechanism; the paper moves the term from the first to the second
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senses[0]1.0the tagger's words
sensesthe shift in perceived sound location - as a bias toward the absolute location of the seen stimulus versus as a shift of the auditory map in the direction of the discrepancy; the two coincide on most trials and are separated only on a designed subset
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senses[1]1.0the tagger's words
sensesbias - response bias at the decision level versus perceptual bias as a prior expectation; the data cannot separate them
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senses[2]1.0the tagger's words
sensesperception versus learning - a distinction the result is said to blur, since a single 35 ms exposure changes a perceptual map
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senses[3]1.0the tagger's words
sensesadaptation - motor, where an error signal is directly fed back, versus sensory, where one modality must serve as the teacher
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senses[4]1.0the tagger's words
senseswhy vision teaches audition - because its estimates are more reliable here, or because it holds the teacher role regardless of signal quality; two senses of a modality being dominant
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senses[5]1.0the tagger's words
alternativesclaim_type: existence
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a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.claim_typethe tagger's words
alternativesmethod: re-analysis of a spatial localisation dataset in which pseudorandom interleaving of 35 auditory, visual and audiovisual conditions makes each auditory trial's predecessor an unplanned single-exposure manipulation
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: behavioural-experiment — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.methodthe tagger's words
alternativesphenomenon: cross-sensory recalibration of auditory space by vision - the ventriloquist aftereffect, at single-trial timescale
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: visual recalibration of auditory space — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.phenomenonthe tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → Wozny et al., 2010
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claim_relations[0]the tagger's words
claim_relationsextends → McLaughlin, 1967; Redding and Wallace, 2003; Thoroughman et al., 2007 (motor adaptation)
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claim_relations[1]the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → Hofman et al., 1998; Zwiers et al., 2003 (sensory recalibration as slow, long-term adjustment)
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differs in: the timescale: SENSORY RECALIBRATION HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN REGARDED AS A PROCESS FOR ADJUSTING TO LONG-TERM CHANGES SUCH AS THOSE OCCURRING DURING DEVELOPMENT OR AFTER A PERMANENT DAMAGE FROM INJURY OR STROKE - against a single-trial effect
claim_relations[2]the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → the accumulation hypothesis, that recalibration requires repeated and consistent evidence of error before engaging
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differs in: when the mechanism engages, stated by the paper as a numbered pair: (1) A MECHANISM THAT BECOMES ENGAGED FROM THE ONSET OF EXPOSURE TO THE DISCREPANCY; AND (2) A MECHANISM THAT REQUIRES ACCUMULATION OF EVIDENCE OF ERROR IN THE FORM OF REPEATED AND CONSISTENT DISCREPANCY BEFORE IT BECOMES ENGAGED
claim_relations[3]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationscritiques → the inference from absent evidence to the accumulation account, which the field had made implicitly
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differs in: THE AXIS IS AN ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE ACTING AS SUPPORT. 'Quotation withheld' Nobody argued for the slow account on its merits - it won by default because the fast one had not been demonstrated, and the paper names that as the reason the field believes what it believes. A 'critiques' records a dispute with a hypothesis and drops that THE SUPPORT WAS NEVER POSITIVE.
claim_relations[4]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationsextends → ventriloquist-aftereffect studies using hundreds or thousands of exposures at a fixed discrepancy
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claim_relations[5]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → the view that spatial and temporal maps are foundational and therefore stable
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differs in: whether the map is expected to move at all: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MAPS ARE CONSIDERED FOUNDATIONAL TO ALL PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES AND ARE EXPECTED TO BE FAIRLY STABLE
claim_relations[6]0.95the tagger's words
claim_relationssupports → reliability-weighted accounts of cross-modal dominance
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claim_relations[7]0.85the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → motor adaptation studies showing recalibration within a few trials of induced error
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claim_relations[8]0.9the tagger's words
concept_edgesventriloquist aftereffect —is-a→ cross-sensory recalibration
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strength of the relation: 0.9 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span names the 'ventriloquist aftereffect'; 'sensory recalibration' is named in the previous sentences, 'cross-sensory recalibration' nowhere.
concept_edges[1]the tagger's words
concept_edgesresponse bias —distinct-from→ perceptual bias
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strength of the relation: 0.95 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the bias 'could reflect' either a response or a perceptual bias; distinct-from is loose.
concept_edges[2]the tagger's words
concept_edgesreliability —causes→ teaching signal
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strength of the relation: 0.75 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but 'It seems that' vision provided the teaching signal because it was more reliable; hedged.
concept_edges[5]the tagger's words
concept_edgesplastic state —causes→ cross-sensory recalibration
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strength of the relation: 0.7 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but it is 'conceivable' that a plastic state raised the rate of recalibration; hedged.
concept_edges[7]the tagger's words
concept_edgesauditory–visual discrepancy —causes→ auditory localization
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the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record. The span always stated the relation; the endpoint names did not match its words. 'normalised' maps them onto the concepts the record already has. · the relation stated: the shift in where a sound is heard is DRIVEN BY the preceding audio-visual mismatch
concept_edges[8]the tagger's words
content_tagsKruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA by ranks
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content_tags.statistics[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon signed-rank test
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content_tags.statistics[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsmultiple-comparison correction
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content_tags.statistics[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsstandard deviation
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content_tags.statistics[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsstandard error of the mean
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content_tags.statistics[4]the tagger's words
content_tagslinear regression
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content_tags.statistics[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsKruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA by ranks test
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content_tags.statistics[6]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagstwo-sided Wilcoxon signed rank test
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content_tags.statistics[7]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsBonferroni–Holm correction
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content_tags.statistics[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsSD
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also in: SD
content_tags.statistics[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsA single exposure of a few milliseconds to a spatially discrepant sound and flash shifted where the next isolated sound was heard.
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content_tags.findings[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe shift followed the sign and size of the audio-visual discrepancy rather than the absolute position of the seen stimulus, identifying it as recalibration of the auditory map rather than a bias toward the visual location.
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content_tags.findings[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsSeparately from recalibration, auditory localisation was pulled toward the absolute position of the visual stimulus presented on the preceding unisensory visual trial.
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content_tags.findings[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe position of a preceding unisensory auditory stimulus had no significant effect on the current auditory judgement, arguing against a simple response bias.
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content_tags.findings[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsRecalibration was larger after audio-visual trials perceived as coming from one source, suggesting perceived unity influences the size of the shift.
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content_tags.findings[4]the tagger's words
content_tagsRepeating discrepancies in the same direction accumulated a progressively larger shift, but at a decelerating rate, implying a decreasing learning rate rather than a fixed step.
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content_tags.findings[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe recalibration was one-directional: no corresponding shift of the visual spatial map by sound was detectable.
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content_tags.findings[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe effect weakened the further back in the trial history the audio-visual exposure lay, because intervening discrepancies pushed in other directions.
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content_tags.findings[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsauditory localisation shifted significantly with the location of the visual stimulus on the preceding trial
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content_tags.findings[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsno significant effect followed the location of a preceding auditory trial
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content_tags.findings[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe audiovisual discrepancy on the preceding trial significantly shifted auditory localisation
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content_tags.findings[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagson the subset where the two accounts predict opposite directions, the shift followed the discrepancy and not the absolute visual location
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content_tags.findings[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsrecalibration followed a single presentation of a few milliseconds, with no feedback or reinforcement
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content_tags.findings[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe shift was larger when the preceding audiovisual pair had been perceived as one event
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content_tags.findings[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe effect degraded the further back in the trial history the preceding audiovisual trial lay
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content_tags.findings[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe shift grew with the number of consecutive same-direction discrepancies
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content_tags.findings[15]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsno shift of the visual spatial map was found, so the teaching relation is one-directional
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content_tags.findings[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsa single exposure produced a significant, sizable shift of about 5% in the spatial map
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content_tags.findings[17]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsauditory localisation was about 2.4 times as variable as visual localisation, 6.0 against 2.5 degrees
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content_tags.findings[18]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagseven the smallest discrepancy tested, 6.5 degrees, shifted the subsequent percept
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content_tags.findings[19]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagscross-sensory recalibration
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content_tags.definitions[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsventriloquist aftereffect
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content_tags.definitions[1]the tagger's words
content_tagscross-sensory recalibration
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content_tags.definitions[5]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsventriloquist aftereffect
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content_tags.definitions[6]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsshift in perceived auditory location
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content_tags.definitions[7]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsperception of unity
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content_tags.definitions[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsspatial discrepancy
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content_tags.variables[0]the tagger's words
content_tagstype of stimuli
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content_tags.variables[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsshift in perceived auditory location
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content_tags.variables[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsposition along the azimuth
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content_tags.variables[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsshift in perceived auditory location
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.variables[6]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsAV spatial discrepancy
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content_tags.variables[7]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsperception of unity
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content_tags.variables[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsnumber of repeated exposures
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content_tags.variables[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsn = 146 — number of observers tested
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content_tags.quantities[0]the tagger's words
content_tags35 ms — duration of the auditory (and visual) stimulus, i.e. the entire exposure that produced recalibration
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[1]the tagger's words
content_tags0 to ± 26° — range of audio-visual spatial discrepancy produced by the five speaker and five visual locations
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content_tags.quantities[2]the tagger's words
content_tags5% — size of the auditory map shift after a single exposure, as a fraction of the experienced discrepancy
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[3]the tagger's words
content_tags6.5° — smallest audio-visual discrepancy tested that still produced a shift in the subsequent auditory percept
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content_tags.quantities[4]the tagger's words
content_tags6.0° — average standard deviation of unisensory auditory localisation responses
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content_tags.quantities[5]the tagger's words
content_tags2.5° — average standard deviation of unisensory visual localisation responses, i.e. vision was the more reliable modality
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content_tags.quantities[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsp = 0.000 — significance of the effect of preceding visual location on the auditory shift
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content_tags.quantities[7]the tagger's words
content_tags35 ms — duration of the auditory and visual stimuli, and so of the single exposure
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content_tags.quantities[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsn = 146 — observers
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content_tags.quantities[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags0 to ± 26° — range of audiovisual spatial discrepancy across conditions
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags6.0° against 2.5° — average response standard deviation, auditory against visual
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content_tags.quantities[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags5% — shift in the spatial map after a single exposure
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content_tags.quantities[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags6.5° — the smallest discrepancy that still produced a shift
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content_tags.quantities[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags0.5° and 6° — the cutoffs separating post-unity from post-independence trials
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content_tags.quantities[14]0.9the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

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