standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 6 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | how to deliver light at the scale of a single neuron and record from the same place, in a freely moving animal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether light sources small enough to match a soma can be built onto a silicon recording probe without excessive heating Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | a probe with twelve neuron-sized LEDs and thirty-two recording sites on one silicon shank array, driving spikes at 60 nW and moving the resolution limit from light delivery onto opsin targeting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | optogenetic light delivery and recording in deep brain structures of freely moving animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | coupling an LED into a waveguide is capped by etendue, which is why the light source is put at the site instead of piped to it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | silicon is chosen for three separate reasons at once: it can be micromachined into needles, it conducts heat five times better than sapphire, and being opaque it confines emission to one face Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | heat leaves through the shank toward the proximal end, so the most distal LED is the worst case and is the one modelled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the graded fall-off of drive with distance implies light is acting on dendrites, not only somata Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the artefact has two physically distinct sources - voltage coupling on the board and capacitive coupling from the continuous n-GaN layer - and each has its own fix Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Driving the μLEDs induces low-frequency electrical artifacts on the recording channels. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the recorded signal during stimulation: A LIMITATION OF THE CURRENT VERSION OF uLED PROBES IS THE LOW-FREQUENCY ARTIFACTS INDUCED DURING PERIODIC ACTIVATION | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Non-somatic opsin expression, not the light source, now caps the achievable spatial resolution of spiking control. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the achievable spatial resolution: THE FINAL LIMITATION TO THE CURRENT UTILITY OF THE uLED PROBES RELATES TO THE AVAILABLE OPSIN TECHNOLOGIES | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The probe reports spiking only, so it complements rather than replaces intracellular and all-optical methods. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: what the probe can report at all: IT ONLY PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT SPIKING (AND NOT ABOUT INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM, Vm, OR TRANSMEMBRANE CURRENTS) | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The indirect test of heating effects on spike waveforms is weakened by concurrent high-frequency oscillations at high power. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the heating test on spike waveforms: HIGH-POWER ILLUMINATION WAS OCCASIONALLY ACCOMPANIED BY HIGH-FREQUENCY (2 kHz) OSCILLATIONS, LIMITING THE INTERPRETATIONAL POWER OF THESE OBSERVATIONS | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | photon extraction is poor by construction: 33% internal efficiency, half the light lost into the substrate, most of the rest trapped by total internal reflection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the light budget: APPROXIMATELY 50% OF THE PHOTONS ARE EMITTED TOWARD THE SUBSTRATE AND ARE ABSORBED AT THE GaN/SILICON INTERFACE | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | periodic driving injects a low-frequency artefact into the recordings, present in opsin-free animals and removed only by offline filtering Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the artefact is present in opsin-free animals and removed by filtering, not absent | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | there is no accepted safe-temperature standard for implanted devices, so the 1 degree threshold used here is the authors' own Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every safety claim about the device: AS THERE IS NO ACCEPTED THRESHOLD TEMPERATURE FOR THE SAFE OPERATION OF IMPLANTABLE NEURAL DEVICES, WE LOOSELY DEFINE THE THRESHOLD AS 1 degree - the criterion is the authors' own | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | whether a few milliseconds above 38 degrees harms the adjacent network is stated as unknown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: operation above 3.85 V: THE PEAK TEMPERATURE CAN TRANSIENTLY REACH 38 DEGREES C; HOWEVER, WHETHER A FEW MILLISECONDS OF HEATING BEYOND 38 DEGREES C HAS ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE ADJACENT NEURAL NETWORK IS UNKNOWN | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the probe reports spiking only, not calcium, membrane potential or currents, and is offered as complementary rather than superior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - spiking only, offered as complementary rather than replacement | limitations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | spatial resolution is now limited by where the opsin is expressed rather than by where the light goes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1]: NON-SOMATIC OPSIN EXPRESSION FACILITATED MULTILAYERED CONTROL BUT ALSO REDUCED the achievable resolution | limitations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | monolithic on-silicon LED fabrication technology is carried over into implantable neural probes for systems neuroscience Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | the Pennes bioheat equation, with a blood-perfusion term, is imported to simulate brain tissue heating around the probe Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | monolithic integration and lithographic patterning, applied so that light sources and electrodes share one substrate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | etendue, used as the argument for abandoning waveguide coupling altogether Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | finite-element bio-heat modelling, used to set an operating envelope before any animal was implanted Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | recording during μLED voltage bias in saline and in wild-type animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the time-locked artifacts in the wide-band traces are neural responses driven by the light, rather than electrical artifacts of the μLED drive itself · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| senses | spiking gain here = firing rate during light divided by the same neuron's rate without light, so it is a within-neuron ratio and not a comparison across cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | plug efficiency = optical power out over electrical power in; the paper gives both a measured value (0.87%) and a value derived from the loss chain (1.1%), so the measurement is checkable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | iHFO is used exactly as Stark2014 defined it - an induced high-frequency oscillation - and is treated here as a proxy for somatic drive because population synchrony averages out dendritic effects Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | direct versus indirect activation is a CLASSIFICATION, assigned by a Gaussian mixture model over waveform features, not an observation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the safe threshold is a 1 degree rise, defined by these authors for want of a field standard and described by them as loose Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: monolithic fabrication of InGaN LEDs on silicon, bio-heat modelling, and in vivo recording from CA1 of anaesthetised and freely moving mice with opsin-free controls Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: system-or-tool-building — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: optogenetic control of spiking at cellular spatial resolution in the intact brain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: optogenetic light delivery and recording in deep brain structures of freely moving animals — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Wu et al., 2013 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Kim et al., 2013; McAlinden et al., 2013 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Stark et al., 2014 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Stark et al. 2014, by inducing high-frequency oscillations with focal rather than fibre illumination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → fibre-coupled optogenetic probes, whose resolution is set by the bulk of the implanted fibre Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS THE PHYSICAL BULK OF THE LIGHT DELIVERY. 'Early work involving in vivo optogenetics relied on manual assembly of commercially available recording components such as metal electrodes or passive high-density probes (STARK ET AL., 2012) with optical fibers, which are bulky and may suffer from misalignment errors. Moreover, the spatial resolution of fiber-based optogenetic devices is limited by the bulk of the [fibre].' Note the citation: this criticises the very device whose own paper names heat, a 60 um recording radius and over-precision as its limits. FOUR DIFFERENT AXES ON ONE INSTRUMENT, THREE OF THEM FROM ITS OWN AUTHORS. | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → sapphire-substrate microLED probes, which scatter light and cannot be machined into needles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS THE SUBSTRATE MATERIAL, AND IT COSTS TWICE. 'Quotation withheld.' One material choice degrades the measurement AND the tissue - so the comparison is not between two devices' performance but between what each material permits. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → injectable polymer LED devices, too wide for cellular resolution and hard to mount on a microdrive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | confirms → activation thresholds reported for manually assembled diode probes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | distinguishes-from → two-photon holographic and intracellular methods, which cannot reach deep structures in freely moving animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE METHOD REACHES A FREELY MOVING ANIMAL. 'Such high spatial resolution control over spiking has been previously possible only by intra-cellular current injection or by two-photon microscopy combined with optogenetics. Intracellular methods are not yet scalable in freely moving animals.' The resolution is granted to the existing methods; what they lack is the preparation - so a claim about what is achievable needs the animal state attached. | claim_relations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | μLED —part-of→ silicon Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: monolithic integration is the whole claim: the light source is built on the probe rather than coupled to it
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the uLEDs are fabricated monolithically on silicon; part-of is loose. | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | silicon —contrasted-with→ sapphire Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: three at once - machinable into needles, five times the thermal conductivity, and opaque so emission stays on one face
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span lists limits of a sapphire substrate beside a silicon probe; contrasted-with is loose. | concept_edges[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | gain —operationalised-as→ spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: direction is measure-to-phenomenon; the ratio is within-neuron, so it cannot be compared across cells of different baseline
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but spiking 'gain' is DEFINED as a ratio of spiking rates; operationalised-as is loose. | concept_edges[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PYR —contrasted-with→ INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: PYR are taken as directly driven and INT as circuit-driven, and PYR jitter is lower at every distance | concept_edges[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | stratum radiatum —contrasted-with→ stratum oriens Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: illumination below or at the layer drives spiking better than above it, attributed to dendritic geometry or expression bias also in: stratum radiatum · stratum oriens | concept_edges[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | ChR2 —causes→ spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: shown by absence in wild-type controls under the same illumination | concept_edges[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: binomial test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | partial correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: partial correlation | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | principal component analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: principal component analysis | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Gaussian mixture model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Gaussian mixture model | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | significance level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: significance level | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Gaussian Mixture Model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Gaussian Mixture Model | content_tags.statistics[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Binomial test | content_tags.statistics[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Sub-microwatt light (60 nW) from a single integrated micro-LED was enough to drive spiking, and microwatt-range power drove fast population oscillations. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The probe achieved independent optical control of neurons roughly 50 micrometres apart and of separate somatic versus dendritic compartments of single neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Illuminating pyramidal cell bodies and apical dendrites in stratum radiatum drove spiking more effectively than illuminating stratum oriens. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Where the light entered the layer changed the induced ripples: infra- and intra-layer illumination produced the fastest and most vertically compact oscillations, while supra-layer illumination produced slower and more widespread ones. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Spiking gain of directly driven pyramidal cells increased with light power and decreased with the distance between the micro-LED and the cell soma. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Directly light-driven pyramidal cells spiked with lower temporal jitter (median 29 ms) than indirectly driven interneurons (46 ms), at every distance bin. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Thermal simulation indicated that every drive condition below 3.4 V is safe even under ten seconds of continuous operation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 60 to 120 nW of light drove time-locked spiking in neurons next to a single LED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | two LEDs 60 microns apart controlled distinct neurons independently in freely moving mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | spiking gain rose with light power and fell with LED-to-soma distance for both directly and indirectly driven cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | directly driven pyramidal cells had lower spike jitter than indirectly driven interneurons at every distance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | illumination inside or below the layer produced faster and more compact induced ripples than illumination above it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the graded gain-distance profile implies light is recruiting dendritic opsin, not only somatic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | spiking was sometimes driven more strongly from stratum oriens than by direct somatic illumination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the measured peak plug efficiency was around 0.87% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CONTROL NULL: in opsin-free mice the same illumination changed no action potentials, so the effects are not thermal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | DECLARED INCONCLUSIVE: the waveform-distortion test of heating was confounded by 2 kHz oscillations at high power Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the low-frequency artefact appeared in wild-type animals too and was removed offline rather than at source Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | threshold temperature Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: threshold temperature | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking gain | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spike phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike phase | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | temporal jitter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: temporal jitter | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain | content_tags.definitions[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | plug efficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: plug efficiency | content_tags.definitions[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | etendue Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: etendue | content_tags.definitions[6] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | internal quantum efficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: internal quantum efficiency | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | iHFOs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: iHFOs | content_tags.definitions[8] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | voltage command Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: voltage command | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | input site Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: input site | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking gain | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | temporal jitter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: temporal jitter | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | locus of maximal iHFO power Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: locus of maximal iHFO power | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain | content_tags.variables[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | jitter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: jitter | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | plug efficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: plug efficiency | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 60 nW — light power sufficient to induce time-locked spiking in nearby neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 150 μm 2 — light-emitting area of a single micro-LED, comparable to a pyramidal soma cross-section Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 12 μLEDs and 32 recording sites — components integrated on each implanted four-shank probe Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 4,096 (2 12 ) — number of distinct on/off combinations of the twelve micro-LEDs that can be programmed at any moment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.87% — measured peak wall-plug (optical out over electrical in) efficiency of a micro-LED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 3.33% — photon extraction efficiency of the on-silicon micro-LED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 93 — well-isolated single units recorded from CA1 across six mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 53 μW — saturated optical output of a micro-LED at high (~13 mA) injection current Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | PYR: 29 ms; INT: 46 ms — median spike-timing jitter of directly driven pyramidal cells versus indirectly driven interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 60 nW — light power sufficient to induce spiking in nearby neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 150 μm 2 — LED emission area, matched to a pyramidal soma cross-section Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.87% against 1.1% — measured plug efficiency against the value derived from the loss chain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. value source note: THE VALUE DRAWS ON THE PAPER BEYOND THIS QUOTE: part of it is printed elsewhere in the paper, not in this quote ('measured peak plug efficiency is around 0.87% ( Figure 3C )…'). | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 33%, 3.33% — internal quantum efficiency and photon extraction efficiency of the on-silicon LED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 1 degree — the temperature-rise threshold the authors adopted for want of a field standard Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 2°C–3°C — how much brain temperature moves on its own between rest and activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 4,096 — programmable on-off combinations across twelve LEDs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | less than 8 μA — current needed to reach the intensity that activates ChR2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 1 MΩ at 1 kHz — impedance of the integrated recording electrodes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.