Thirst regulates motivated behavior through modulation of brainwide neural population dynamics | Science

Allen, Chen, Pichamoorthy, Tien, Pachitario, Luo, Deisseroth · 2019 · neuroscience · 10.1126/science.aav3932 · record allen2019-thirst-regulates-motivated-behavio
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Science uses numbered citations, so the prior work in claim relations is identified by reference number rather than author name; targets are described accordingly rather than invented. The study combines Neuropixels recording with optogenetic stimulation and population-dynamics analysis; 'electrophysiology' is the closest single method label and matches the sentence quoted. Extraction is PMC HTML with spaced citation brackets ('( 24 )'), preserved verbatim. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Science uses numbered citations, so the prior work in claim relations is identified by reference number rather than author name; targets are described according 2026-08-13 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.
1 quote on this page breaks a word across a line. The PDF this text was extracted from hyphenated a word at the end of a printed line — adversar- ial, repre- sentations — and the extractor kept the hyphen and the space. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing: the break is the typesetter’s, not the author’s. A search of this page will not find the affected words.
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How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 26 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
thirst satiety state State mode Cue mode Behavior mode gating sensory regions motor circuits SFO MnPO Nos1+ ChR2 Neuropixels single units spike-sorting brain region baseline epoch odor epoch decoders initial conditions drive reduction Go/No-Go washout ORB RSP PIR The thirst state sets a brainwide landscape of initial conditions, so the same sensory perturbation launches a different activity trajectory depending on the state the brain starts in Thirst imposes persistent pre-cue activity that modulates local circuitry in parallel across the brain, gating whether sensory input is transformed into motor output Hypothalamic thirst-neuron activity is broadcast to downstream circuits through successive fast synaptic transmission and/or neuromodulator release brainwide decoding motivational drive optogenetic stimulation licking behavior Wilcoxon signed-rank test Wilcoxon rank-sum test chi-squared test t-test with false-discovery-rate correction two-tailed t test, FDR correction correlation against shuffled data with Bonferroni correction absolute R value compared with shuffled data, Bonferroni correction linear decoder (classification analysis) linear decoding approach unsupervised clustering held-out test data (out-of-sample validation) held-out test data standard error of the mean mean ± SEM two-tailed t test false discovery rate (FDR) correction electrophysiology

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second readingalternativesan independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other workclaim_relationshow this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contributioncontributionwhat the paper claims to add
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanismmechanismshow the reported effect is said to come about
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
object of studyobject_of_studywhat the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
research questionresearch_questionthe question the paper sets itself
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfertransfersa method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav3932. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 2 · claim_relations 7 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 10 · content_tags 80 · contribution 1 · controls 1 · limitations 8 · mechanisms 8 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 6 · transfers 2

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 10 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facettagfieldconf.whose words
object_of_studyhow a physiological need state is represented across the whole brain and how that representation changes what a sensory cue does
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
object_of_studythe paper's words
research_questionhow thirst motivation is represented downstream of the dedicated thirst neurons, and how that state regulates sensation and action
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research_questionthe paper's words
contributiona brainwide mode of population activity that encodes motivational state, exists before the cue, and gates whether sensory input propagates into behaviour
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
contributionthe paper's words
claim_typemechanism
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenonthirst motivational state
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phenomenonthe paper's words
methodelectrophysiology
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methodthe paper's words
mechanismsmechanisms
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[0]the tagger's words
mechanismsmechanisms
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[1]the tagger's words
mechanismsmechanisms
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[2]the tagger's words
mechanismsthe thirst neuron activity is broadcast to downstream circuits, possibly through multiple levels of fast synaptic transmission or via neuromodulators
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[3]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismssensory regions keep responding to the cue whatever the state; what satiety removes is the propagation of that signal past them to motor circuits
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mechanisms[4]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsthe state is described as a landscape of initial conditions spread across many regions that determines the trajectory a stimulus sets off
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mechanisms[5]1.0the tagger's words
mechanismsin the sated animal an energetic barrier stops the same stimulus from driving the dynamics down the path to behaviour
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mechanisms[6]0.9the tagger's words
mechanismssatiety does not turn down all cue-responsive neurons together; it acts on particular subclasses of them
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
mechanisms[7]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsThe functional relevance of the widespread activity patterns is not established
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what this limits: the brainwide activity result: ALTHOUGH THIS ACTIVITY WAS EXTREMELY WIDESPREAD, THE FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF THESE GLOBAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED
limitations[0]the tagger's words
limitationsProbably only a subset of the responsive regions is actually necessary for the task
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what this limits: any necessity claim from the imaging: IT IS LIKELY THAT ONLY A SUBSET OF BRAIN REGIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR TASK PERF[ormance]
limitations[1]the tagger's words
limitationsWhether the identified mode is thirst-specific or a general arousal signal is unresolved
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what this limits: the thirst-specificity of the mode: IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN WHETHER ... THE THIRST-RELATED MODE WE OBSERVE REPRESENTS A MORE GENERAL FORM [of arousal]
limitations[2]the tagger's words
limitationsthe functional relevance of the brainwide activity is left undetermined even though its existence is the headline
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what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the existence is the headline, the relevance is open
limitations[3]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsthe authors expect only a subset of brain regions to be necessary for the task, so widespread activity is not widespread necessity
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what this limits: which regions are NECESSARY, as against where activity is found - a narrower scope than item 3: the authors expect only a subset of brain regions to be required for the task, so brainwide activity is not brainwide necessity
limitations[4]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsthe Cue and Behavior modes are named for one thing but may carry reward anticipation, decision-making and motor preparation as well
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what this limits: the names on the two modes, which are hypotheses about what loaded onto them: THE CUE MODE WAS DESIGNED TO CAPTURE ACTIVITY RELATED TO THE SENSORY RESPONSE BUT COULD ALSO INCLUDE SIGNALS RELATED TO REWARD ANTICIPATION, DECISION-MAKING, AND MOTOR PREPARATION
limitations[5]1.0the tagger's words
limitationswhether other need states use different modes, or whether this one is general arousal, is left open
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duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - whether other need states use different modes, or whether this one is general arousal, is left open
limitations[6]1.0the tagger's words
limitationsstimulation did not restore the thirsty reading everywhere: medial prefrontal and retrosplenial cortex went on decoding sated
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what this limits: the completeness of the state restoration: SEVERAL OF THE HIGHEST-LEVEL CORTICAL REGIONS [medial prefrontal and retrosplenial] CONTINUED TO DECODE THAT THE ANIMAL WAS SATED
limitations[7]1.0the tagger's words
transfersinitial conditions, trajectories and an energetic barrier used as the description of a motivational state
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transfers[0]1.0the tagger's words
transfersthe low dimensionality and pervasiveness of brainwide cellular activity during behavior, established in Caenorhabditis elegans and larval zebrafish
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transfers[1]1.0the tagger's words
controlsspike sorting run through a framework with EXPLICIT DRIFT TRACKING AND CORRECTION
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eliminates: electrode drift across the session being read as a change in a neuron's firing - the probe moves relative to the tissue, so the same unit sorted early and late may not be the same unit · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[0]0.95the tagger's words
sensesthe State mode is not a discovered variable but an axis constructed to maximally separate thirsty from sated during the baseline epoch, and the Cue and Behavior modes are defined the same way from their own epochs
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senses[0]1.0the tagger's words
sensesthe mode names are declared impure by the authors themselves: the Cue mode may carry decision and motor-preparation signals, so the label names the epoch it was defined in, not the content it holds
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senses[1]1.0the tagger's words
sensesnear-orthogonality of the three axes is MEASURED before it is imposed - 82, 84 and 65 degrees prior to orthogonalisation
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senses[2]1.0the tagger's words
sensesa single unit here is an identity maintained across an hours-long session by drift-tracking software, not by a stable observation
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senses[3]1.0the tagger's words
sensesthe brain-region label on every neuron is derived from the maximal channel on the probe and a registration to a common atlas, so region membership is an inference rather than an observation
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senses[4]1.0the tagger's words
sensesgating here means diminished propagation beyond sensory regions, not diminished sensory response - the sensory regions themselves keep their fidelity
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senses[5]1.0the tagger's words
alternativesmethod: high-density extracellular recording across many brain regions during a Go/No-Go task, with population-mode decomposition, linear decoding and optogenetic stimulation
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.methodthe tagger's words
alternativesphenomenon: state-dependent gating of a water-predicting cue: the same odour produces a brainwide wave when thirsty and only a transient when sated
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: thirst motivational state — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.
alternatives.phenomenonthe tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → prior brainwide cellular-activity studies in Caenorhabditis elegans (ref 39) and larval zebrafish (ref 40)
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claim_relations[0]the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → a previous large-scale mouse neocortex study using the same task (ref 23)
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claim_relations[1]the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → the account in which satiety modulates cue responses as a broad change in responsiveness across all cue-responsive neurons
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claim_relations[2]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationsextends → recordings in hungry animals showing gating of responses to food-predicting stimuli in a variety of brain regions
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claim_relations[3]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationssupports → the classical drive-reduction model of water-seeking behaviour
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claim_relations[4]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → whole-brain cellular recordings in C. elegans and larval zebrafish showing low-dimensional pervasive dynamics
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claim_relations[5]1.0the tagger's words
claim_relationsdistinguishes-from → the view that a widespread activity pattern is thereby a necessary one
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status: the paper's own words: remains to be determined · differs in: THE AXIS IS WIDESPREAD AGAINST NECESSARY. 'Quotation withheld As was shown in a previous study ..., it is likely that only a subset of brain regions are necessary for task performance.' The paper's own headline observation is separated from the inference a reader would draw from it, BY THE PAPER, before anyone else can draw it. Extent is measured; necessity is not, and the two are different experiments.
claim_relations[6]0.9the tagger's words
concept_edgessatiety state —operationalised-as→ State mode
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: the state is read off one axis of population activity that persists before odour onset
concept_edges[0]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesState mode —contrasted-with→ Cue mode
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: CRITERION: the State mode stays elevated through both trial types while the Cue mode discriminates them and collapses on satiety
also in: State mode · Cue mode
concept_edges[1]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesCue mode —distinct-from→ Behavior mode
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strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: the authors declare the separation imperfect: both may carry reward anticipation, so the names are epoch labels, not content labels
concept_edges[2]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesodor epoch —operationalised-as→ Cue mode
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: each mode is defined by the epoch it maximally separates in - the definition is temporal, not anatomical Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the Cue mode is DEFINED over the odor epoch; operationalised-as runs from the epoch and is loose.
also in: odor epoch · Cue mode
concept_edges[3]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesbaseline epoch —operationalised-as→ State mode
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the State mode is DEFINED over the baseline epoch; operationalised-as runs from the epoch and is loose.
concept_edges[4]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesgating —causes→ motor circuits
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: SIGN: negative - the gating prevents the activation of motor circuits Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but satiety gating diminishes propagation to motor circuits; causes is loose and unsigned.
concept_edges[5]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesPIR —part-of→ sensory regions
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: and correspondingly PIR keeps decoding odour identity in all four blocks
also in: PIR · sensory regions
concept_edges[7]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesNos1+ —part-of→ SFO
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: the causal handle is a genetically specified subset, not a region
also in: Nos1+ · SFO
concept_edges[8]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgessingle units —part-of→ brain region
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but single units were recorded FROM many brain regions; part-of is loose.
concept_edges[12]1.0the tagger's words
concept_edgesthirst —operationalised-as→ Go/No-Go
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strength of the relation: 1 · note: thirst is measured by whether the mouse still works for water in this task Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but a thirst-motivated Go/No-Go task was used; operationalised-as is loose.
also in: thirst · Go/No-Go
concept_edges[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon signed-rank test
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content_tags.statistics[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon rank-sum test
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content_tags.statistics[1]the tagger's words
content_tagschi-squared test
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content_tags.statistics[2]the tagger's words
content_tagst-test with false-discovery-rate correction
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content_tags.statistics[3]the tagger's words
content_tagscorrelation against shuffled data with Bonferroni correction
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.statistics[4]the tagger's words
content_tagslinear decoder (classification analysis)
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content_tags.statistics[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsunsupervised clustering
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content_tags.statistics[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsheld-out test data (out-of-sample validation)
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content_tags.statistics[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsstandard error of the mean
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.statistics[8]the tagger's words
content_tagsWilcoxon signed-rank test
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.statistics[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagstwo-tailed t test
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content_tags.statistics[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsfalse discovery rate (FDR) correction
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content_tags.statistics[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsEVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED - THE POINTER WAS WRONG, NOT THE CLAIM) · About 24,000 neurons were recorded across 34 brain regions during thirst-motivated choice, over 87 sessions from 21 mice.
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EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED - THE POINTER WAS WRONG, NOT THE CLAIM. The old evidence was verbatim, anchored and correctly cut, and it contained NONE of this claim's numbers (000, 24, 34). The paper states the claim in one sentence elsewhere and the tagger did not use it. the project, 2026-08-23: 'WE HAVE SPENT THE DAY VERIFYING THAT QUOTES ARE REAL AND NONE OF IT ASKS WHETHER THEY ARE RELEVANT.' Confirmed by reading the claim, the old span and the candidate together; the candidate carries every number AND the claim's own content words.
content_tags.findings[0]the tagger's words
content_tagsThe rewarded odour cue triggered a wave of activity that started in olfactory regions about 150 ms after odour onset and reached every recorded brain region within about 300 ms.
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content_tags.findings[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsSatiety gated the wave: once mice were sated the identical odour cue produced only a brief transient change in firing and no licking.
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content_tags.findings[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsSpontaneous pre-stimulus baseline firing, not just cue-evoked firing, shifted with satiety state in neurons across many brain regions.
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content_tags.findings[3]the tagger's words
content_tagsIn sated mice, odour decoding fell to near chance across much of the brain.
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content_tags.findings[4]the tagger's words
content_tagsSingle neurons were specialised: each mostly encoded one task aspect (state, cue, or behaviour), while every brain region held a mixture of all these neuron types.
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content_tags.findings[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsOptogenetic stimulation of hypothalamic thirst neurons in sated mice pushed behaviour, within-trial brainwide dynamics, and single-neuron satiety correlates back to their thirsty-state values.
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content_tags.findings[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsRe-creating the thirst representation in only a subset of brain regions was enough to restore thirst-motivated sensory processing, behaviour and the associated brainwide dynamics.
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content_tags.findings[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsthe Go cue produced a wave of activity that began in olfactory regions within about 150 ms and reached every recorded region within about 300 ms
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content_tags.findings[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe initial onset and the brainwide propagation of the activity wave both preceded the onset of licking; first licks were measured at 0.86 s after odor onset
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content_tags.findings[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsa large fraction of units in every brain region, 54% of total or 12,986, were modulated by the task
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content_tags.findings[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsin sated mice the cues still produced a diminished transient response but no persistent activity after the cue period
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content_tags.findings[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags35 percent of neurons had spontaneous baseline firing correlated with satiety state, in every brain region
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content_tags.findings[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagssatiety modulation was not a broad change across all cue-responsive neurons but acted on particular subclasses
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content_tags.findings[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsstate-related clusters were barely modulated by the cue and were active throughout the trial on thirsty or on sated trials
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content_tags.findings[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsmost neurons in most regions were selective for only one of state, cue or behaviour
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content_tags.findings[15]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe three modes together captured about half the trial-averaged task-related variance across the brain
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content_tags.findings[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsASSUMPTION MEASURED BEFORE IT WAS IMPOSED: the three axes were already near-orthogonal before orthogonalisation, at 82, 84 and 65 degrees
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content_tags.findings[17]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe State mode stayed elevated through Go and No-Go trials alike while the animal was thirsty
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content_tags.findings[18]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsROBUSTNESS: the same mode dynamics appeared with only 20 neurons subsampled per region and in each animal separately
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content_tags.findings[19]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagson rare thirsty Go trials without a reward the Cue and State dynamics were normal and only the Behavior mode was reduced
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content_tags.findings[20]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsin sated mice odour decoding fell to near chance across much of the brain, significantly so in 18 of 29 regions
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content_tags.findings[21]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsoptogenetic stimulation of the thirst neurons restored the behaviour of natural thirst, and ending it returned the animals to sated
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content_tags.findings[22]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsREVERSIBILITY BUILT INTO THE DESIGN: a washout block with the stimulation switched off follows every stimulation block
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content_tags.findings[23]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsCONTROL NULL: the Hit rate was not significantly different between Thirsty and Stim conditions, 97 versus 94 percent, P = 0.67
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content_tags.findings[24]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsstimulation globally restored the within-trial firing patterns of task-modulated neurons, and stopping it immediately returned them to sated dynamics
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content_tags.findings[25]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsabout two thirds of state-modulated neurons reversed their satiety-related change in baseline firing under stimulation
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content_tags.findings[26]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsstimulation moved global activity specifically along the naturally defined State mode
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content_tags.findings[27]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe restored State mode level matched the natural level near the end of the thirsty block rather than its maximum
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content_tags.findings[28]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsAMBIGUOUS AGGREGATE, STATED AS A FORK: a State mode matching the natural level toward the end of the thirsty trials was said to mean either a submaximal thirst state throughout the brain or a full thirst state in only a subset of regions
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content_tags.findings[29]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsTHE FORK IS RESOLVED BY DISAGGREGATION: per-region decoders trained on natural thirsty and sated data were applied to the stimulation trials
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content_tags.findings[30]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsorbitofrontal, agranular insular and secondary motor cortex decoded the stimulated animal as very likely thirsty
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content_tags.findings[31]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsmedial prefrontal and retrosplenial cortex went on decoding sated, which the authors attribute to contextual or working-memory access to recent drinking
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content_tags.findings[32]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsthe answer to the fork: recapitulating thirst in a subset of regions is sufficient to restore the behaviour and the brainwide dynamics
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content_tags.findings[33]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagspiriform and olfactory cortex kept decoding odour identity accurately in all four blocks even as their state decoding shifted
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content_tags.findings[34]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags23,881 single units were recorded from 34 regions across 87 sessions in 21 mice
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content_tags.findings[35]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsDESIGN CONSTRAINT: one probe per session and each region recorded at most once per mouse, so tracks map unambiguously to sessions
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content_tags.findings[36]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsmotivational drive
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content_tags.definitions[1]the tagger's words
content_tagsState mode
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also in: State mode
content_tags.definitions[2]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsdrive reduction
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content_tags.definitions[3]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsinitial conditions
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content_tags.definitions[4]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsGo/No-Go
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also in: Go/No-Go
content_tags.definitions[5]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsCue mode
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also in: Cue mode
content_tags.definitions[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsBehavior mode
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also in: Behavior mode
content_tags.definitions[7]the tagger's words
content_tagsoptogenetic stimulation
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content_tags.variables[0]the tagger's words
content_tagssingle units
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also in: single units
content_tags.variables[2]the tagger's words
content_tagslicking behavior
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content_tags.variables[3]the tagger's words
content_tagssatiety state
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also in: satiety state
content_tags.variables[4]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsState mode
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also in: State mode
content_tags.variables[5]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsdecoding
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also in: decoding
content_tags.variables[6]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags~24,000 — neurons whose activity was recorded, spanning 34 brain regions, 87 sessions and 21 mice
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content_tags.quantities[0]the tagger's words
content_tags23,881 — exact number of single units isolated, about 255 recorded simultaneously per session
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content_tags.quantities[1]the tagger's words
content_tags54% of total; 12,986 — proportion and count of recorded units whose firing was modulated by the task
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content_tags.quantities[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsN = 8395,35% of total — count and proportion of neurons whose baseline firing correlated with satiety state
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content_tags.quantities[3]the tagger's words
content_tags~50% — share of trial-averaged task-related variance captured by the three orthogonal activity modes together
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content_tags.quantities[4]the tagger's words
content_tags82° and 84° — angles between the State axis and the Cue and Behavior axes before orthogonalisation (65° between Cue and Behavior)
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content_tags.quantities[5]the tagger's words
content_tags1195 of 1781,67% — share of neurons that lowered their baseline rate on satiation and then raised it again under optogenetic thirst stimulation
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content_tags.quantities[6]the tagger's words
content_tags97 ± 1% versus 94 ± 2% — hit rate during natural thirst versus during optogenetic stimulation of thirst neurons, statistically indistinguishable
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content_tags.quantities[7]the tagger's words
content_tags~24,000 neurons in 34 brain regions — scale of the recording behind every brainwide claim
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content_tags.quantities[8]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags54% of total; 12,986 — share of recorded units modulated by the task
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content_tags.quantities[9]1.0the tagger's words
content_tagsN = 8395,35% of total — share of units whose spontaneous baseline firing tracked satiety state
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content_tags.quantities[10]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags~150 ms to ~300 ms — onset in olfactory regions and spread to every recorded region
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content_tags.quantities[11]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags0.86 ± 0.04 s — first lick after odour onset, the bound that makes the wave pre-motor
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content_tags.quantities[12]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags82° and 84°, and 65° — angles between the three activity axes before orthogonalisation was imposed
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content_tags.quantities[13]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags~50% — trial-averaged task-related variance captured by the three modes together
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content_tags.quantities[14]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags97 ± 1% versus 94 ± 2%, P = 0.67 — hit rate thirsty against stimulated, the null supporting behavioural restoration
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content_tags.quantities[15]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags1195 of 1781,67% — state-modulated neurons that reversed their satiety change under stimulation
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content_tags.quantities[16]1.0the tagger's words
content_tags18/29 regions — regions with significantly reduced odour decoding when sated
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content_tags.quantities[17]1.0the tagger's words

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