standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | decision making process in economic experiments Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The review deliberately covers only recent contributions, restricting the literature searched to the previous ten years. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only three of the decision-process phases are considered; the implementation phase is excluded as not a mental task. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The equipment's recording requirements confine the research mostly to individual humans. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the topic distribution of neuroeconomic experiments as reflecting what matters most: the paper attributes the restriction to individual humans to the recording method and the equipment needed, and lists the resulting dominant trends immediately after | limitations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | brain and body measurement techniques (fMRI, EEG, fNIRS, galvanic skin response, heart rate, eye-tracking) are taken over into the design of economic experiments on decision making Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concepts | decision making process Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: decision making process | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Intelligence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Intelligence | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Identification Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Identification | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Cognitive neuroscience Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cognitive neuroscience | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | techniques of cognitive neuroscience Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: techniques of cognitive neuroscience | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Neuroimaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Neuroimaging | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | EEG Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: EEG | concepts[6] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | fMRI Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fMRI | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | functional near-infrared spectroscopy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | concepts[8] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Neurophysiological techniques Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Neurophysiological techniques | concepts[9] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | GSR measurement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GSR measurement | concepts[10] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Eye-tracking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Eye-tracking | concepts[11] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | decision process Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: decision process | concepts[12] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Design Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Design | concepts[13] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Development Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Development | concepts[14] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Choice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Choice | concepts[15] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Selection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Selection | concepts[16] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | decision-making phases - Simon's naming: Intelligence, Design and Choice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | decision-making phases - the same three stages under a different naming convention: Identification, Development and Selection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Cognitive neuroscience - multidisciplinary study of mind combining psychology and neurobiology with philosophy, linguistics, and other fields Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Cognitive-neuroscience techniques - brain neuroimaging, neurophysiology, nerve-cell examination, and neuropsychology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Neuroimaging - methods for studying brain structure and function through electrical, magnetic, or indirect tomographic measures Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | EEG - scalp-electrode measurement of brain electrical activity with high temporal resolution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | fMRI - inference of regional brain activity from oxygen delivery Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | fNIRS - non-invasive optical estimation of cortical activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Neurophysiological techniques - correlating brain functions with physiological sensations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | GSR measurement - detecting electrical skin changes, usually on the hand or fingers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Eye-tracking - detecting eye position, gaze direction, movement sequence, and visual adaptation during cognition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Decision process - the path from awareness of a decision problem to a final solution among alternatives Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Intelligence / Identification - gathering and processing information to diagnose decision needs and formulate alternatives Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Design / Development - identifying courses of action and testing likely outcomes against decision needs or goals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Choice / Selection - judging and choosing among alternatives identified earlier Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Simon's (1960, 1977) three-phase model of the decision-making process Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | Intelligence —renamed-across-fields→ Identification Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: Intelligence · Identification | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Because of how the data are recorded and the equipment needed, this research is limited mostly to questions about individual human beings. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | EEG's very good temporal resolution makes it the tool of choice for tracking how brain activity changes over time and for analysing reactions to external stimuli. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | fMRI shows how much oxygen is delivered to specific parts of the brain, from which their activity is deduced. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | fMRI buys very good spatial resolution at the price of an examination procedure that is cumbersome for the participant. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Neurophysiological measurement can be more faithful to what participants actually do than self-report measures are. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Substantial brain information processes that determine economic decisions are not easily observed through behavioural research methods. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | These studies confirm that brain activity causally affects economic choice beyond environmental factors. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Neuroscience techniques may reveal fundamental principles of decision making not considered relevant in traditional economic research. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Every later model of the decision process still contains Simon's three phases of intelligence, design and choice, differing only in naming and in how finely the phases are split. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Behavioural evidence shows some deviations from expected utility theory, but only cognitive neuroscience could offer explanations of why people are less rational than assumed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The decision-making and cognitive neuroscience literatures have focused especially on the final phase, evaluation and choice, the most intensively studied to date. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The cost of the specialised equipment, fMRI above all, is one of the practical obstacles to using neuroscience in economic experiments. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A single cognitive neuroscience experiment yields an enormous amount of neurophysiological data, which forces the use of very sophisticated analysis methods. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | decision-making process Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: decision-making process | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | neuroimaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neuroimaging | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | electroencephalography (EEG) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electroencephalography (EEG) | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | fNIRS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fNIRS | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | neurophysiological techniques Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neurophysiological techniques | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | GSR measurement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GSR measurement | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | eye-tracking (ET) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: eye-tracking (ET) | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 650–1000 nm — the infrared wavelength window whose low absorption by biological tissue fNIRS exploits to estimate cortical activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.