standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 2 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | the equiatomic three-element CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy, and its strength, ductility and fracture toughness from room temperature to 77 K Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether the properties of these alloys come from high configurational entropy itself or from which elements are present Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | a three-element alloy whose damage tolerance exceeds every high-entropy alloy reported, and the argument that element identity matters more than element count Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | simultaneous increase of strength, ductility and toughness as temperature falls, against the usual strength-toughness compromise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | the three-element alloy twins at room temperature where the five-element one deforms by slip alone, and the extra deformation mode arrives before the strength penalty does Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | twinning supplies steady strain hardening, which delays plastic instability by necking, and adds a second way to accommodate strain besides dislocation motion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | why this particular combination of elements forms a single phase while others of comparable configurational entropy do not remains unexplained Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the dislocation glide mechanism is presumed from the five-element alloy rather than observed directly in this one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the twinning-induced plasticity mechanism, recognised first in Hadfield manganese steels and copper thin films and applied here to explain an entropy-named alloy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the five-element CrMnFeCoNi alloy, tested by the same group over the same temperature range, as the comparison Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a cryogenic toughness attributed to medium-entropy composition when the five-element alloy from the same laboratory over the same range is the thing it must beat · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | that the specimens were in fully plane strain, checked by slicing through the thickness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a fracture toughness inflated by a specimen that was not in plane strain, which the standard requires and which thickness alone does not guarantee · outcome: held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | that the alloy is genuinely single-phase, checked by XRD, backscattered electron imaging and the ternary phase diagram Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a second phase supplying the strength that is being attributed to the single-phase solid solution · outcome: held | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | single-phase character at the atomic scale, checked by three-dimensional atom probe tomography - on the FIVE-element alloy, not this one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: fine-scale segregation hidden below the resolution of diffraction - established by atom probe tomography for the FIVE-component alloy, and not for this one · outcome: absent-stated-about-other | controls[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | High-entropy alloys Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: High-entropy alloys | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | medium-entropy alloy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: medium-entropy alloy | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | configurational entropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: configurational entropy | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Cantor alloy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cantor alloy | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | nano-twinning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: nano-twinning | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | strain hardening Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: strain hardening | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | solid solution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: solid solution | concepts[6] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | intermetallic phases Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intermetallic phases | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | twinning-induced plasticity steels Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: twinning-induced plasticity steels | concepts[8] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | 'high-entropy alloy' = FIVE OR MORE elements at high concentration, crystallising as a single phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | 'medium-entropy alloy' = the same thing with THREE - the two categories differ by an element count and nothing else Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the same class is called high-entropy alloys, multi-component alloys OR compositionally complex alloys - three names, one referent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | high configurational entropy BY ITSELF does not suppress intermetallics - a twenty-element equiatomic alloy came out brittle and multi-phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | equiatomic composition maximises configurational entropy and does NOT minimise Gibbs free energy - the two come apart Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the premise that maximised configurational entropy is what stabilises a single-phase multi-element solid solution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. note: the corpus holds gild2016, which rests on that premise. This paper supplies the counterexample - a twenty-element equiatomic alloy that came out brittle and multi-phase - and concludes for element identity over element count | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → the CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy and its reported cryogenic damage tolerance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. note: same group, same tests, two elements removed - and the smaller alloy wins | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | qualifies → the belief that useful new alloys lie near the centres rather than the corners of phase diagrams Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | medium-entropy alloy —distinct-from→ High-entropy alloys Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the number of principal elements - three against five or more, with no other criterion separating them · strength of the relation: 0.95 also in: medium-entropy alloy · High-entropy alloys | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | nano-twinning —causes→ strain hardening Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.95 · direction on the measure (stated by the tagger, no quotation): increases also in: nano-twinning · strain hardening | concept_edges[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the three-element alloy has better fracture toughness than the five-element one, and improves as temperature falls Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | nano-twinning begins at room temperature in the three-element alloy and only at 77 K in the five-element one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | high configurational entropy alone does not suppress intermetallic formation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | it is one of the toughest materials in any materials class ever reported Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | High-entropy alloys Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: High-entropy alloys | content_tags.definitions[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | medium-entropy alloy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: medium-entropy alloy | content_tags.definitions[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | room temperature: tensile strength near 1 GPa, failure strain about 70%, KJIc above 200 MPa m1/2 — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | at cryogenic temperature: above 1.3 GPa, failure strain up to 90%, KJIc 275 MPa m1/2 — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | crack-growth toughness exceeding 430 MPa m1/2 at liquid-nitrogen temperature — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | twenty elements in equal atomic ratios produced a brittle multi-phase microstructure — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the Cantor alloy: tensile strength 763 to 1,280 MPa and ductility 0.5 to 0.7 between room temperature and 77 K — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | strain-hardening exponents of the order of 0.4 — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | strain-hardening exponent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: strain-hardening exponent | content_tags.statistics[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | fracture toughness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: fracture toughness | content_tags.variables[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | configurational entropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: configurational entropy | content_tags.variables[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.