In-Store Music Affects Product Choice

Adrian C. North, David J. Hargreaves, Jennifer McKendrick · Nature · 1997 · marketing · 10.1038/36484 · record north1997-music-product-choice
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (pdftext); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim relations is left empty on purpose: this Nature scientific-correspondence piece cites all prior work by bare superscript numerals (e.g. 'superordinate knowledge structures4', 'Research on music and consumer behaviour2,3'), never naming an author or work in the body text, so no relation can be anchored to named prior work without inference. The extracted file also contains an unrelated preceding Nature correspondence about oyster particle selection; nothing was quoted from it. Sample size (44 questionnaire respondents, 54% consent rate) and statistics appear only inside PDF-mangled strings such as '(P(cid:42)0.001)', so they were not quoted. 2026-08-17 and 2026-08-25 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.
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Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
priming 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 7 concept tags on this paper, 5 are grounded in a quoted sentence. 4 carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
music priming product choice incidental cue superordinate knowledge structures in-store music musical subliminal music wine product customers choice priming behavioural-experiment

Legend

claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
conceptconceptsan idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

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Every tag on this page

claim_type 1 · concept_edges 2 · concepts 5 · content_tags 2 · controls 1 · limitations 2 · method 1 · phenomenon 1 · senses 3

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facettagfieldconf.whose words
claim_typeexistence
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenonin-store music priming of product choice
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
phenomenonthe paper's words
methodbehavioural-experiment
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
methodthe paper's words
limitationsAwareness was assessed only by questionnaire self-report, and the authors themselves doubt that this establishes shoppers were genuinely unaware of the influence.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[0]the tagger's words
limitationsOnly two music conditions were compared; there was no silence control and no music from a non-wine-producing country, and individual differences and shopper indecision were not measured.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[1]the tagger's words
controlsthe French and German wines matched to each other on price and on dryness or sweetness
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
eliminates: the music effect being a price or taste effect - if the wine of one country were cheaper or sweeter, the shopper would be following the wine and not the accordion · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[0]0.85the tagger's words
conceptsproduct choice
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[1]the paper's words
conceptssuperordinate knowledge structures
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[3]0.95the paper's words
conceptsin-store music
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[4]0.95the paper's words
conceptsmusical
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: musical
concepts[5]0.95the paper's words
conceptssubliminal
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: subliminal
concepts[6]0.95the paper's words
sensesmusical `fit` - the paper's central term, in scare quotes every time it appears and never defined except by its instances: French accordion music with French wine, German Bierkeller music with German wine. A relation between a stimulus and a product's national origin, operationalised entirely by example
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[0]0.95the tagger's words
sensespriming, as this paper uses it - a verb applied to a PURCHASE, not to a judgement or a reaction time: stereotypical music activates a knowledge structure concerning a country and thereby primes the selection of products from it. The primed thing is which bottle leaves the shop
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[1]0.95the tagger's words
sensesunawareness, and the authors' refusal to claim it - only six of the shoppers said the music influenced their choice, and rather than treat that as unawareness established they write that it would be interesting to discover whether they were REALLY as unaware as their answers suggested. A field study declining the unconscious it is entitled to claim
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[2]0.95the tagger's words
concept_edgesin-store music —causes→ product choice
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strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: The claim in the title, and the design that supports it is a fortnight of alternating days in a real supermarket with the shelf positions swapped halfway - so the effect is on bottles sold, not on stated intention.
concept_edges[0]0.95the tagger's words
concept_edgessuperordinate knowledge structures —causes→ product choice
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: THE MECHANISM, and it is hedged twice in its own sentence - 'may activate', 'suggesting how' - so it is offered as the available explanation rather than as something tested. The study measures the outcome, not the structure. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says musical pieces MAY activate knowledge structures, suggesting how music COULD influence choice; hedged.
concept_edges[1]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsstereotypically German music was expected to prime the choice of German wine
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted.
content_tags.findings[0]the tagger's words
content_tagscustomers did not seem aware of the music's effect on their choices
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.findings[1]the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

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