standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; 3 of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | A DIAGNOSTIC DEFINITION ON ITS THIRD REVISION BY THE SAME PANEL, LOOSENED EACH TIME ON PURPOSE - the McDonald Criteria of 2001, revised 2005 and again here, each round making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis earlier and the procedure simpler Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | how far the imaging requirements for demonstrating dissemination in space and time can be simplified without losing specificity, and whether the criteria hold outside the population they were derived from Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | MAGNIMS-based imaging criteria for dissemination in space, a rule letting enhancing and non-enhancing lesions on ONE scan establish dissemination in time, and recommendations for pediatric, Asian and Latin American populations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | a disease with no confirmatory biomarker, diagnosed by a rule that has been rewritten three times, whose rewriting changes which past trial subjects would have qualified Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | expert-consensus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: expert-consensus | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | A DEFINITION DELIBERATELY LOOSENED, THREE TIMES, BY THE SAME PANEL: `These revisions simplify the Criteria, preserve their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, address their applicability across populations, and may allow earlier diagnosis and more uniform and widespread use.` The corpus holds definitions tightened, abolished and kept for continuity. This one has been relaxed on purpose in 2001, 2005 and 2010, each time with the sensitivity/specificity claim attached Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND DISSEMINATION IN TIME IS NOW DEMONSTRABLE AT A SINGLE MOMENT: `in some circumstances dissemination in space and time can be established by a single scan` - because `a single brain MRI study that demonstrates DIS and both asymptomatic gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing lesions is highly specific for predicting early development of clinically definite MS`. A criterion whose name is TIME, satisfied without the passage of any - the two lesion types imply different ages, so one image carries a history Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND A WAITING REQUIREMENT WAS DROPPED BECAUSE IT COST A SCAN: `The 2005 revision ... based [DIT] on the appearance of a new T2 lesion on a scan compared to a reference or baseline scan performed AT LEAST 30 days after the onset ... In clinical practice, however, there is reason NOT TO POSTPONE A FIRST MRI until after 30 days, which would result in an extra MRI scan to confirm a diagnosis. ABANDONING THE REQUIREMENT ... does not compromise specificity.` A criterion removed on cost, with the specificity claim cited beside it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND A FURTHER LIBERALISATION WAS REFUSED, FOR A REASON ABOUT THE EVIDENCE BASE: `In the 2001 and 2005 McDonald Criteria, a positive CSF finding could be used to reduce the MRI requirements ... However, when applying the simplified MAGNIMS imaging criteria, the Panel believes that even further liberalizing MRI requirements in CSF-positive patients is not appropriate, as CSF status was not evaluated for its contribution to the MAGNIMS criteria.` A relaxation declined because the variable was not in the study the new rule came from - and an existing allowance withdrawn by the same reasoning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND THE PANEL SAYS THE REVISION CHANGES WHAT THE EARLIER TRIALS WERE ABOUT: `Quotation withheld` The clearest statement in the corpus that a definitional change reaches backwards into evidence already collected Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND THE VALIDITY DOMAIN IS PRINTED TWICE, ONCE AT EACH END: `the McDonald Criteria should only be applied in those patients who present with a typical clinically isolated syndrome ... because the development and validation of the Criteria have been limited to patients with such presentations`, and in the Conclusions `These revised McDonald Criteria ... should therefore be applied only when patients have experienced a typical CIS`. A rule that states where it does not apply, twice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND AN INSTRUMENT MAY REPLACE THE OBSERVATION THE DEFINITION WAS BUILT ON: `Although the diagnosis can be made on clinical grounds alone, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ... can support, supplement, or even replace some clinical criteria ... The McDonald Criteria have resulted in earlier diagnosis of MS with a high degree of both specificity and sensitivity, allowing for better counseling of patients and earlier treatment.` The scan does not merely support the clinical judgement - it stands in for it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND `ATTACK` IS DEFINED WITH A DURATION FLOOR AND A CONFOUND EXCLUDED: `patient-reported symptoms or objectively observed signs typical of an acute inflammatory demyelinating event in the CNS, current or historical, with duration of at least 24 hours, in the absence of fever or infection ... Reports of paroxysmal symptoms should, however, consist of multiple episodes occurring over not less than 24 HOURS.` A unit of disease activity given a minimum length, and a historical report admitted as evidence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND A PHENOTYPE WAS SPLIT OFF PARTLY BECAUSE THE TREATMENT FAILS ON IT: `There was agreement that this phenotype should be separated from typical MS because of different clinical course, prognosis, and underlying pathophysiology and poor response to some available MS disease-modifying therapies.` Neuromyelitis optica leaves the class on four grounds, and one of them is that the drugs for the parent class do not work Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND A TERM IS DIAGNOSED AS AN ADMIXTURE OF TWO OTHERS: `there is some uncertainty, especially in Asia, about whether MS and NMO are distinct and if so, how they should be distinguished. As currently applied, the term opticospinal MS appears to be an admixture of conventional MS and NMO.` A name in regional use that turns out to cover two classes the rest of the field separates Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[9] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND THE TEST THAT SEPARATES THEM IS ASYMMETRIC: `Quotation withheld` A marker that rules in better than it rules out, used to decide which disease a patient is treated for Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[10] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND THE IMAGING-ONLY CASE IS REFUSED A DIAGNOSIS: `occasional individuals investigated by MRI for indications unrelated to MS have incidental findings of brain lesions with appearance and topography consistent with MS ... the Panel concluded that a firm diagnosis of MS based on incidental findings on MRI alone, even with additional supportive findings ... in the absence of MS-relevant clinical symptoms, is problematic.` The same images that can replace a clinical criterion cannot, alone, make the diagnosis - a boundary drawn between supporting and constituting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[11] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | THERE IS STILL NO CONFIRMATORY BIOMARKER: `Although increased IgG index or the presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF support an MS diagnosis, and AQP4 antibody assays can help in the differential diagnosis process, there are still no specific biomarkers to confirm the diagnosis.` Every criterion in this document is a proxy, and the document says so Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | AND THE CRITERIA ARE NOT VALIDATED IN THE POPULATIONS THE PAPER EXTENDS THEM TO: `These 2010 revisions ... are likely to be applicable in pediatric, Asian, and Latin American populations ... The predictive validity of DIS and DIT based on a single first scan in children with CIS needs to be confirmed in prospective studies. The McDonald Criteria have not yet been validated in Asian and Latin American populations.` Extended and unvalidated in the same paragraph, with `likely` carrying the weight Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | AND THE POPULATION THE RULE IS USED ON IS NOT THE ONE IT WAS TESTED ON: `A proportion of patients with nonspecific symptoms (eg, fatigue, weakness, or dizziness) and nonspecific MRI findings are referred to secondary and tertiary MS centers ... for a second opinion and do not in fact have MS`, and the Panel notes `only limited research and practical experience in general neurology practice populations`. The criteria are validated in MS centres and applied in clinics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | AND AT LEAST ONE ATTACK MUST BE OBJECTIVELY CORROBORATED, WHICH IMPORTS THE INSTRUMENT INTO THE DEFINITION: `before a definite diagnosis of MS can be made, AT LEAST 1 ATTACK MUST BE CORROBORATED BY FINDINGS ON NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION, VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL RESPONSE ..., or MRI consistent with demyelination in the area of the CNS implicated in the historical report.` A patient's history counts only where an instrument agrees with it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | refusing to liberalise the MRI requirement for CSF-positive patients, because CSF status was not a variable in the studies the new imaging rule came from Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: carrying an allowance from the old criteria into a rule set whose evidence base never tested it · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | restricting the criteria to patients presenting with a typical clinically isolated syndrome, stated in the Considerations and again in the Conclusions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: application to the nonspecific-symptom referrals who 'do not in fact have MS' · outcome: partial | controls[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | requiring at least one attack to be corroborated by examination, evoked potentials or MRI in the implicated CNS area Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a diagnosis resting entirely on undocumented patient history · outcome: held | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | NMO Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: NMO | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | typical MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: typical MS | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | opticospinal MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: opticospinal MS | concepts[2] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| concepts | conventional MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: conventional MS | concepts[3] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| concepts | The McDonald Criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: The McDonald Criteria | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | earlier diagnosis of MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: earlier diagnosis of MS | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | a first MRI Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: a first MRI | concepts[6] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| concepts | an extra MRI scan Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: an extra MRI scan | concepts[7] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| senses | `attack` (relapse, exacerbation) - `patient-reported symptoms or objectively observed signs typical of an acute inflammatory demyelinating event in the CNS, current or historical, with duration of at least 24 hours, in the absence of fever or infection` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | `dissemination in time` (2010 sense) - satisfied EITHER by a new lesion on a later scan OR by enhancing and non-enhancing lesions coexisting on ONE baseline scan; the 2005 sense required a reference scan at least 30 days after onset Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| senses | `opticospinal MS` - a regionally used term that `appears to be an admixture of conventional MS and NMO` rather than a class of its own Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| senses | `radiologically isolated syndrome` - MS-appearing lesions found incidentally, for which `a firm diagnosis of MS based on incidental findings on MRI alone ... is problematic`; the imaging is present and the diagnosis is withheld Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → the original (2001) and revised (2005) McDonald Criteria, whose 'underlying concepts ... are still valid' and whose imaging requirements this revision replaces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → the MAGNIMS network's comparison of the Barkhof/Tintore DIS criteria against Swanton's simplified criteria in 282 CIS patients, adopted here wholesale Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → the term 'opticospinal MS' as used in Asia, which 'appears to be an admixture of conventional MS and NMO' Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | NMO —distinct-from→ typical MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: 'There was agreement…' One of the four grounds is that the parent class's drugs do not work - a boundary drawn partly by what happens when you treat across it, which is arain2010's treatment-response boundary in a different field · the relation stated: separated on four grounds - clinical course, prognosis, pathophysiology, and poor response to MS disease-modifying therapies also in: NMO · typical MS | concept_edges[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | The McDonald Criteria —causes→ earlier diagnosis of MS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: 'THE McDONALD CRITERIA HAVE RESULTED…' Read against the paper's own acknowledgement that the revised criteria 'MAY CHANGE SOME…': the same change that brings treatment forward also moves the denominator of every study that used an earlier version · the relation stated: the criteria are credited with moving the diagnosis earlier at high sensitivity and specificity, which is also the stated aim of each revision also in: The McDonald Criteria · earlier diagnosis of MS | concept_edges[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | a first MRI —causes→ an extra MRI scan Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: 'In clinical practice…' A definitional requirement removed because of what it costs to satisfy, with the specificity claim - 'DOES NOT COMPROMISE…' - supplied by a single cited study · the relation stated: postponing the baseline scan past 30 days, as the 2005 rule required, forces an additional scan to confirm the diagnosis - which is why the requirement was abandoned
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says POSTPONING a first MRI would result in an extra scan; causes is loose. also in: a first MRI · an extra MRI scan | concept_edges[3] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the revised McDonald criteria simplify diagnosis and may allow earlier diagnosis while preserving sensitivity and specificity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND DISSEMINATION IN TIME IS NOW DEMONSTRABLE AT A SINGLE MOMENT: `in some circumstances dissemination in space and time can be established by a single scan` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND THE REVISION CHANGES WHAT EARLIER TRIALS WERE ABOUT: `using these refined diagnostic criteria may change some of the outcomes of patients in natural history studies and clinical trials` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND A LIBERALISATION WAS REFUSED FOR A REASON ABOUT THE EVIDENCE BASE: `even further liberalizing MRI requirements in CSF-positive patients is not appropriate, as CSF status was not evaluated for its contribution` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND A PHENOTYPE WAS SPLIT OFF PARTLY BECAUSE THE DRUGS FAIL ON IT: NMO separated from typical MS on `poor response to some available MS disease-modifying therapies` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND A REGIONAL TERM COVERS TWO CLASSES: `the term opticospinal MS appears to be an admixture of conventional MS and NMO` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | a firm diagnosis of MS from incidental MRI findings alone, without MS-relevant symptoms, is judged problematic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | `patient-reported symptoms or objectively observed signs typical of an acute inflammatory demyelinating event in the CNS, current or historical, with duration of at least 24 hours, in the absence of fever or infection` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: attack (relapse, exacerbation) | content_tags.definitions[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | a new T2 lesion `irrespective of the timing of the baseline MRI`, or enhancing and non-enhancing lesions together on one baseline scan - against the 2005 rule's reference scan `at least 30 days after the onset` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: DIT | content_tags.definitions[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the Panel `met for a third time` in Dublin in May 2010 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | `in the absence of fever or infection` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | `Abandoning the requirement for an extra reference MRI after 30 days does not compromise specificity` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the abstract claims the revisions `preserve their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity`; the DIS change is `simpler and slightly more sensitive ... without compromising specificity and accuracy`; the DIT change `does not compromise specificity`. Every relaxation is licensed by the same pair of numbers, and none of them is reported for the criteria AS A WHOLE in this paper Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.