The role of the inferior colliculus in a genetic model of audiogenic seizures

Ribak, Morin · Anatomy and Embryology · 1995 · neuroscience · 10.1007/bf00534681 · record ribak1995-the-role-of-the-inferior-colliculu
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Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (pdftext); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. This is a hybrid: the paper calls itself a review and summarises the cytoarchitecture literature, but the substance is the authors' own immunocytochemical, in situ hybridization, Nissl, electron-microscopic and knife-cut data reported across their earlier papers; 'review' is taken from the paper's own self-description in the Conclusions. Replication status is 'replicated' because the central finding is reported as confirmed by independent methods and separate studies ('Recently, our laboratory confirmed these immunocytochemical data using in situ hybridization and emulsion autoradiographic techniques'; 'Another study confirmed the increase in the numbers of neurons in the ICCN of the GEPR-9'), though the confirmations come from the same laboratory. The PDF extraction is partly corrupted: the electron-microscopy sections contain letter-spaced OCR garbage ('m e d i u m - s i z e d'), figure legends are interleaved into the running text, micrometre symbols render as 'gm/g m', and one sentence about GABAergic neurons versus the standard disinhibition view is split across a figure caption. All quotes above were taken from clean, contiguous passages (abstract, introduction, GEPR sections, Functional significance, Conclusions) and each was substring-checked against the file. 2026-08-14 schema-0.3 pass: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

This record’s own method is review, and the tags below follow from that. A review’s findings, quantities and statistics are things stated IN this paper, and some of them report results obtained elsewhere. 2 tags on this page name the author the result belongs to. Measured across every review in this corpus, 81% of a review’s tags carry no citation at all — most of them are the review speaking. The corpus does not adjudicate the rest: read an unmarked tag as a claim this paper makes, not necessarily one it made first.

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Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 5 concept tags on this paper, all 5 are grounded in a quoted sentence.

GEPR-3 seizure score animal model Genetically epilepsy-prone rats GABAergic inhibitory neurons GABA is taken back up more efficiently in the ICCN of GEPR-9s, so less GABA remains in the synapse to reach postsynaptic GABA receptors, inhibition is weakened, and seizures start in that nucleus despite the extra GABAergic neurons. Alternatively, excitation is enhanced in the ICCN through overexpression of glutamate receptors, which would fit the raised glutamate and aspartate levels measured there. Seizure activity initiated in the ICCN is carried out of the colliculus along the bilateral ICCN-to-external-nucleus projection and onward to the superior colliculus and pontine reticular formation. inferior colliculus (IC) three subdivisions of the IC lesion site seizure severity total number of Nissl-stained cells sizes of ICCN neurons correlation coefficient of linear correlation significant positive correlation significance test Statistically significant increases mean cell counting (stereological-style counts per section) Counts were made of the total number of Nissl-stained cells review

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relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
concept	`concepts`	an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00534681. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

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claim_relations 3 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 1 · concepts 5 · content_tags 32 · limitations 6 · mechanisms 3 · method 1 · phenomenon 1 · senses 3

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facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
claim_type	mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	audiogenic seizures Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GABA is taken back up more efficiently in the ICCN of GEPR-9s, so less GABA remains in the synapse to reach postsynaptic GABA receptors, inhibition is weakened, and seizures start in that nucleus despite the extra GABAergic neurons.	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Alternatively, excitation is enhanced in the ICCN through overexpression of glutamate receptors, which would fit the raised glutamate and aspartate levels measured there.	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Seizure activity initiated in the ICCN is carried out of the colliculus along the bilateral ICCN-to-external-nucleus projection and onward to the superior colliculus and pontine reticular formation.	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	How the surplus of small GABAergic neurons produces the observed pharmacological defects at GABAergic synapses is unresolved. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the causal link between the cell-count finding and the pharmacology: IT REMAINS TO BE RESOLVED HOW THE INCREASE IN SMALL GABAergic NEURONS IN THE ICCN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE KNOWN PHARMACOLOGICAL DEFECTS OBSERVED AT GABAergic SYNAPSES	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The contribution of other brainstem structures to seizure propagation has not been established. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the seizure-propagation account: FURTHER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP OF THESE OTHER STRUCTURES TO THE PROPAGATION OF SEIZURE ACTIVITY	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The two candidate mechanisms offered for seizure initiation remain untested. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the initiation mechanism: TWO HYPOTHESES WILL BE TESTED IN FUTURE STUDIES: (1) INCREASED GABA UPTAKE, AND (2) INCREASED GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The animal strains are named by their assigned score on a 0-9 behavioural rating scale. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any comparison between GEPR strains: a strain displaying moderate seizures with an assigned seizure score of 3 is designated GEPR-3 and used as an animal model, so the strain name is a position on the rating scale	`limitations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	The rating scale's levels are defined by observed behaviour, and the paper prints them. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any seizure score quoted from this literature: the seizures are scored on a 0-9 scale with 0 being no seizure and 9 a fit of wild running with an accompanying tonic seizure	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	The cell-type census of the region is stated as a suggestion from these results. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the claim that four of six ICCN cell types are GABAergic: the authors give it as what these results suggest	`limitations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concepts	GEPR-3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GEPR-3	`concepts[0]`		the paper's words
concepts	seizure score Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: seizure score	`concepts[1]`		the paper's words
concepts	animal model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: animal model	`concepts[2]`		the paper's words
concepts	Genetically epilepsy-prone rats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Genetically epilepsy-prone rats	`concepts[3]`		the paper's words
concepts	GABAergic inhibitory neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GABAergic inhibitory neurons	`concepts[4]`		the paper's words
senses	GEPR-3 - A STRAIN NAME THAT IS A SCALE SCORE: a rat strain showing moderate seizures is assigned a seizure score of 3 and thereby designated GEPR-3, so a behavioural rating becomes a strain name and then a fixed kind of animal; a later comparison of GEPR-3 with GEPR-9 compares two points on an ordinal scale that have been reified into two categories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	the seizure score - A 0-9 ORDINAL WITH BEHAVIOURAL ENDPOINTS: 0 is no seizure and 9 is one fit of wild running with an accompanying tonic seizure, so the scale is anchored in observable behaviour and the number that travels in a strain name is a rank on it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	the ICCN cell-type count - OFFERED AS A SUGGESTION: the authors write that these results SUGGEST four of the six major cell types are GABAergic inhibitory neurons, so the census is a reading of the data rather than an enumeration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → Faingold et al. (1986a) hypothesis that GABA uptake is more efficient in the ICCN of GEPR-9s Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → the disinhibition account carried over from hippocampal dentate gyrus findings (Farias et al. 1992; Buckmaster and Schwartzkroin 1994) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → Faye-Lund and Osen's (1985) description of the rat inferior colliculus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	GEPR-3 —is-a→ animal model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: what fixes the category: an assigned score of 3 on the 0-9 seizure scale · strength of the relation: 1 also in: GEPR-3 · animal model	`concept_edges[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: ns in the ICCN and the audiogenic response score (Ribak et al. 1988b). - THE RESULT OR THE NUMBER IS THE CITED WORK'S. Read, not swept - the trailing-citation shape is about 55% precise and the main clause is what decides it. Second reading pass over the 25 candidates left after 2026-08-25 11:39: 9 marked, 16 refused. the same sentence, tagged twice. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	significance test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: significance test	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mean	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	cell counting (stereological-style counts per section) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell counting (stereological-style counts per section)	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Epilepsy-prone GEPR-9 rats have far more GAD-positive neurons in the inferior colliculus than Sprague-Dawley rats. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Two independent anatomical methods, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation, were used to count GABAergic neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Nissl analysis indicated the increase was not due to non-GABAergic neurons switching to a GABAergic phenotype. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Across GEPR-9s, Sprague-Dawley rats and their crossed offspring, the number of small neurons in the ICCN rises together with the audiogenic response score. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: ns in the ICCN and the audiogenic response score (Ribak et al. 1988b). - THE RESULT OR THE NUMBER IS THE CITED WORK'S. Read, not swept - the trailing-citation shape is about 55% precise and the main clause is what decides it. Second reading pass over the 25 candidates left after 2026-08-25 11:39: 9 marked, 16 refused. 'a significant positive…' - a self-citation to earlier work, which is still not THIS paper's result.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Moderately seizing GEPR-3 rats have significantly more small ICCN neurons than Sprague-Dawley rats, and the count matches the value the correlation line predicted in advance. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Knife cuts placed between the central and external nuclei of the IC block audiogenic seizures, as do lesions of the ICCN itself or of the lateral lemniscus. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The ICCN-to-external-nucleus projection is the route by which seizure activity leaves its site of initiation in the ICCN and propagates. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The number of axosomatic synapses per soma in the ICCN is the same in GEPR-9s and Sprague-Dawley rats, which rules out the idea that the extra GABAergic neurons act by adding inhibitory contacts onto cell bodies. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Audiogenic-seizure susceptibility in GEPRs was indicated to be an autosomal dominant trait. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Electron microscopy indicates that four of the six major cell types of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus are GABAergic inhibitory neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	inferior colliculus (IC) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inferior colliculus (IC)	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	three subdivisions of the IC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: three subdivisions of the IC	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	GEPR-3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: GEPR-3	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	genetically epilepsy-prone rats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: genetically epilepsy-prone rats	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	seizure score Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: seizure score	`content_tags.definitions[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	lesion site Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: lesion site	`content_tags.variables[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	seizure severity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: seizure severity	`content_tags.variables[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	total number of Nissl-stained cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: total number of Nissl-stained cells	`content_tags.variables[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	sizes of ICCN neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sizes of ICCN neurons	`content_tags.variables[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	200% — increase in small GAD-positive cells in the IC of GEPR-9s relative to Sprague-Dawley rats (medium cells increased 90%) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	100% — increase in small Nissl-stained neurons in the ICCN of GEPRs, against a 30% increase for medium-sized neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	70% — excess of small ICCN neurons in GEPR-9s over SD rats in the 2-micrometre semi-thin section counts, with medium neurons up 30% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	25% ... 36% — proportion of small ICCN neurons that are GAD-positive in Sprague-Dawley rats versus GEPR-9s Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	0.91 — coefficient of linear correlation between audiogenic response score and the number of small ICCN neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	29.50+2.17 — mean small-neuron count per unit area in the ICCN of GEPR-3 rats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	3:1 — minimum ratio of seizure-prone to seizure-resistant offspring in GEPR-9 x Sprague-Dawley crosses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	28 rats — number of animals contributing to the correlation between small-neuron number and audiogenic response score Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words

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