standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 11 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | whether the theta-band resonance seen in the membrane potential in vitro appears in the spiking of the same cells in a behaving animal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether and how subthreshold resonance is translated to the spiking regime in behaving animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | spiking resonance at theta is not intrinsic to the pyramidal cell but is conferred on it by rhythmic PV inhibition, and it requires HCN currents Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | theta-band spiking resonance in cortical pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. status: the paper's own words: We hypothesize that | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the inductive effects of the hyperpolarization-activated current create a negative feedback that opposes voltage changes, and that feedback is what creates resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a low-pass account is available too: dense PV spiking tonically suppresses targets at high frequencies while low frequencies leave windows in which pyramidal cells can still fire Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | HCN alone gives rebound at sub-theta frequencies as well, so a timing mechanism is needed to suppress the low end and turn a low-pass into a band-pass Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | an OLM interneuron released from inhibition just in time can block the low-frequency rebound, which is one way to implement that timing mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | depression of the inhibitory synapses is the other way: at low input frequencies the presynaptic rate is higher, the synapses depress, and the hyperpolarisation that would drive HCN is reduced Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | PV cells themselves show no frequency preference, which is consistent with basket cells lacking the current that produces it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The pharmacological result shows Ih is necessary but not sufficient for theta spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the Ih result: THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS ESTABLISHED THE REQUIREMENT OF Ih FOR THETA-BAND SPIKING RESONANCE BUT NOT ITS SUFFICIENCY | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | HCN channels are not the whole story; further mechanisms may sharpen the resonance in intact networks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the HCN account as complete: further mechanisms may sharpen the resonance in the intact network beyond the CRITICAL ROLE OF HCN CHANNELS the experiments support | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The proposed assembly-seeding function of rebound spikes is acknowledged as speculative Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the assembly-seeding hypothesis: WHILE SPECULATIVE, THIS HYPOTHESIS IS COMPATIBLE WITH ALL KNOWN OBSERVATIONS ON PUTATIVE BASKET NEURONS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | the blockade establishes that HCN is required and explicitly not that it is sufficient Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0], with the response: TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER Ih ALONE IS SUFFICIENT, WE CONSTRUCTED A BIOPHYSICAL MODEL | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | further mechanisms beyond HCN are expected to sharpen the resonance in the intact network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - HCN is critical but not the whole mechanism | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the assembly-seeding account of the rebound spikes is labelled speculative by the authors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - the rebound-spike account is labelled speculative | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | a gain-baseline correlation is offered with its own artefactual reading, a spiking rate ceiling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the gain-baseline correlation: PRESUMABLY DUE TO a ceiling on spiking rate, not a property of the circuit (RANK CORRELATION -0.31; n=110; p<0.001) | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | a coherence-baseline correlation is likewise offered as possibly a floor effect, since silent cells cannot be suppressed further Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the coherence-baseline correlation: THIS INCREASED COHERENCE MAY SIMPLY BE A FLOOR EFFECT AS SILENT CELLS CANNOT BE coherent (RANK CORRELATION 0.31; p=0.003) | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the number of interneurons actually illuminated is an estimate spanning an order of magnitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the size of the manipulation: THE WEAK FOCAL PHOTOSTIMULATION AFFECTED AN ESTIMATED 2-20 PV INTERNEURONS, an order-of-magnitude range | limitations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | half the recorded units were classified by waveform rather than by tagging, and low-confidence ones were dropped Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: half the recorded units: NON-TAGGED UNITS (692 OF 1413, 51%) ARE CLASSIFIED AS PUTATIVE PYRAMIDAL CELLS (PYR) OR INTERNEURONS (INT) ACCORDING TO WAVEFORM MORPHOLOGY | limitations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the chirp - a linear frequency sweep - used as a stimulus to read a biological system's frequency response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | low-pass filter and band-pass filter as the names for the two candidate explanations of the same band-limited discharge Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the inhibition-induced theta-band spiking reproduced in a pyramidal cell-interneuron model that included the I_h current Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an in-vivo result with no mechanism behind it - the model has only the components the explanation names, so if the effect appears there it does not need anything else · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain | concepts[17] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| senses | resonance here is defined generically as amplification in a limited frequency band, which is what lets the same word cover a membrane potential effect and a spiking effect that this paper shows come apart Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | subthreshold and suprathreshold resonance are separate claims: the first is established in vitro, the second is what this paper asks about, and directly-driven pyramidal cells do NOT show the second Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | INT is defined by a NEGATIVE result - interneurons NOT driven by the light - so the class is an outcome of the manipulation rather than a cell type, and the authors say some of them are probably PV cells that the light missed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the opsin's specificity and sensitivity are measured separately: every labelled cell was PV, but 10 percent of PV cells were unlabelled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | a well-isolated unit is defined by three explicit numerical thresholds on amplitude, cluster quality and refractory violations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the theta index is a ratio to the cell's own broadband coherence, so it equals 1 under no bias - the measure carries its own null Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the ZD-index is a normalised difference between control and drug coherence, built so that the drug effect can be shown to be specific to a frequency band and a cell type rather than global Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: optogenetic chirp and white-noise stimulation through multi-shank diode-probes with extracellular unit recording, an HCN channel blocker, and a two-cell biophysical model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: excess post-inhibitory spiking of pyramidal cells confined to the theta band when PV interneurons are driven rhythmically Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: theta-band spiking resonance in cortical pyramidal cells — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Zemankovics et al., 2010 (lack of Ih in basket cells) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | replicates → Stark et al., 2012 (local activation by the light cone of diode-probes) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | qualifies → the in vitro finding of theta-band subthreshold resonance in cortical principal neurons under intracellular sinusoidal injection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Cobb 1995's demonstration that basket cell burst discharge induces rebound spikes after release from hyperpolarization in vitro Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → the account of theta generation as a consortium of septal pacemaker, circuit interactions and intrinsic neuronal properties Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → an HCN-mediated mechanism for post-hyperpolarization rebound spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → the use of grand averages to describe the relationship between pyramidal cells and perisomatic interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | subthreshold resonance —distinct-from→ spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE JOIN HAZARD: one word, two regimes. The paper's own sentence separates them - the subthreshold effect was NOT communicated to the spiking regime, while the spiking effect grew with inhibition also in: subthreshold resonance · spiking resonance | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —causes→ spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the resonance is conferred by the inhibitory partner, not intrinsic to the resonating cell also in: PV · spiking resonance | concept_edges[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —distinct-from→ INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: CONTAMINATION DECLARED: INT means 'not driven by the light', which is not the same as 'not PV'
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says a subset of INT MAY be PV cells not activated by light; distinct-from is hedged. | concept_edges[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | I h —causes→ resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: MECHANISM: an inductive negative feedback opposing voltage change | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | HCN1 —part-of→ CA1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: abundant in distal apical dendrites of CA1 AND neocortical layer 5 pyramidal cells - which is why the same effect turns up in both regions
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says HCN1 channels are abundant in the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells; part-of is loose. | concept_edges[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | chirp —contrasted-with→ white-noise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE DESIGNED CONTRAST: the same cells get both stimuli, and periodicity is the only thing that differs
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says responses to chirp and white-noise stimuli were compared; contrasted-with is loose. also in: chirp · white-noise | concept_edges[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | frequency correlation —contrasted-with→ time correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: EACH EQUALS 1 UNDER ONE HYPOTHESIS: two measures constructed so that the rival predicts a specific number, not merely a direction also in: frequency correlation · time correlation | concept_edges[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | band-pass filter —contrasted-with→ low-pass filter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS INPUT FREQUENCY, WITH THE MECHANISM GIVEN AT BOTH ENDS. 'Quotation withheld.' The same circuit is one filter or the other depending on the frequency it is driven at, so the two descriptions are not rival claims but the same mechanism at two operating points. · strength of the relation: 1 · note: the two rival accounts are named by the filter each would produce, which is what makes them separable by measurement also in: band-pass filter · low-pass filter | concept_edges[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | OLM —causes→ band-pass filter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the timing mechanism that removes the low-frequency rebound HCN alone would produce also in: OLM · band-pass filter | concept_edges[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | synaptic depression —causes→ I h Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: SIGN: negative - depression reduces the hyperpolarisation that would drive the current, and it bites hardest at low frequencies
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says depression REDUCES the hyperpolarization drive to I h activation; the direction is not stated on the edge. also in: synaptic depression · I h | concept_edges[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | theta-index —operationalised-as→ coherence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the measure is a ratio to the cell's own broadband value, so its null is 1 by construction also in: theta-index · coherence | concept_edges[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kruskal-Wallis test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kruskal-Wallis test | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: t-test | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Poisson test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Poisson test | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Rayleigh test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Rayleigh test | content_tags.statistics[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: binomial test | content_tags.statistics[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | circular-linear correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: circular-linear correlation | content_tags.statistics[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spectral coherence (multi-taper estimate) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard error of the mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error of the mean | content_tags.statistics[13] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | linear regression with R-squared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: linear regression with R-squared | content_tags.statistics[14] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | content_tags.statistics[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | rank correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rank correlation | content_tags.statistics[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | U-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: U-test | content_tags.statistics[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Directly photoactivated pyramidal cells each spiked in a narrow frequency band, but the preferred band differed between cells and across the population covered the whole 0-40 Hz range, i.e. no group-level theta preference. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | When PV interneurons rather than pyramidal cells were driven with the chirp, pyramidal-cell spiking became coherent with the stimulus specifically in the 4-11 Hz theta band. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Nearly half of the light-modulated pyramidal cells fired excess rebound spikes at the trough of the theta-band chirp, with a median firing-rate gain of 3.2 over baseline. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Despite strong PV activation, white-noise inhibition frequency-modulated only 0.7% (2 of 271) of pyramidal cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Resonant pyramidal spiking upon PV activation did not result from adaptation, and required a rhythmic pattern of inhibition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Theta-resonant pyramidal spiking depended on the effective magnitude of local inhibition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blocking Ih pharmacologically abolished the theta resonance. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Pyramidal cells fired at a similar theta phase during chirp PV activation as during spontaneous LFP theta, at the population level. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In the model, theta-band resonance was most robust with a timing mechanism that prevented spikes at low frequencies: an OLM interneuron or synaptic depression of the inhibitory synapse. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | individual PYR tended to spike at narrow frequency bands, but the band differed from cell to cell and at the group level spanned the entire range of tested frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | driving PV interneurons instead produced band-limited pyramidal spiking confined mainly to the trough of the stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the coherence between light and spiking was predominantly in the 4 to 11 Hz theta band Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 45 percent of light-modulated pyramidal cells rebounded at the theta trough with a median gain of 3.2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | TWO RIVAL MECHANISMS ENUMERATED IN ADVANCE, each named by the filter it would produce: tonic suppression giving a low-pass, or rebound giving a band-pass Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | pyramidal cells were less suppressed at low frequencies, which is compatible with the first of the two Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE NULL: white-noise activation of PV cells left only 0.7 percent of pyramidal cells frequency modulated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | FIRST DEFENCE OF THE NULL: overall spiking gain rose during both chirp and white noise, so the stimulation was not ineffective Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | SECOND DEFENCE: white-noise and chirp spiking gains correlated cell by cell at 0.58, so the suppression was not inefficient Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THIRD DEFENCE: PV cells followed the white-noise stimulus no less precisely than the chirp, so spike following was not impaired Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | white noise in fact suppressed pyramidal spiking MORE strongly than the chirp, 0.28 against 0.49 gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the conclusion the three defences license: periodic inhibition, not inhibition as such, is what creates spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | TWO MEASURES BUILT SO EACH EQUALS 1 UNDER ONE RIVAL: frequency correlation is 1 for a purely frequency-dependent unit, time correlation is 1 for a purely adapting one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | frequency correlation was 0.19 and 0.32 and significant, while time correlation was 0.054 and 0.02 and largely not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | so the resonance is not adaptation, and a rhythmic inhibition pattern is required Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | theta preference grew with the strength of PV activation, while subthreshold resonance never reached the spiking regime even at low direct drive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | theta resonant pyramidal spiking depends on the effective magnitude of local inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | under chirp PV activation cells spiked near the stimulus trough, the same phase relationship they show during spontaneous theta Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | blocking HCN abolished the theta preference of pyramidal but not PV spiking, at population and single-unit level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[27] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | DRUG SPECIFICITY SHOWN, NOT ASSUMED: synaptic transmission survived the infusion, since PV activation still silenced pyramidal spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[28] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | NECESSITY ESTABLISHED AND SUFFICIENCY EXPLICITLY NOT: the blockade shows HCN is required, and a model was built to ask whether it is enough Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[29] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE MODEL REFUSED TO CONFIRM: HCN alone produced rebound at sub-theta frequencies too, and only an added timing mechanism made the resonance theta-specific Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[30] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PV cells followed light up to 40 Hz with no frequency preference, consistent with basket cells lacking the current Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[31] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the disagreement with in vitro work is attributed to the preparation: synaptic activity present in vivo, and the depolarising rather than hyperpolarising drive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[32] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the current is largely deactivated near spike threshold, which is offered as why directly depolarised cells showed no theta resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[33] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | membrane resistance is much lower in a waking animal than in vitro, which may let neurons follow higher input frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[34] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ARTEFACTUAL READING OFFERED BY THE AUTHORS: the negative gain-baseline correlation is attributed to a spiking rate ceiling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[35] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND AGAIN: the positive coherence-baseline correlation may simply be a floor effect, since silent cells cannot be suppressed further Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[36] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the opsin was fully specific but not fully sensitive: every labelled cell was PV, and 90 percent of PV cells were labelled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[37] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 1413 units were recorded, 1151 classified as pyramidal, 240 as interneurons and 22 left unclassified Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[38] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: resonance | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | theta-index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: theta-index | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ZD-index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ZD-index | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking gain | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | frequency correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: frequency correlation | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | resonance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: resonance | content_tags.definitions[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | theta-index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: theta-index | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ZD-index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ZD-index | content_tags.definitions[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | INT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: INT | content_tags.definitions[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | frequency correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: frequency correlation | content_tags.definitions[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | cell type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell type | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chirp direction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chirp direction | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | light intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light intensity | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking gain | content_tags.variables[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | baseline rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: baseline rate | content_tags.variables[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coherence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coherence | content_tags.variables[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain | content_tags.variables[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | theta-index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: theta-index | content_tags.variables[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 33% (101/309) — locally stimulated pyramidal cells directly activated by light in CaMKII::ChR2 mice, versus 59% (108/184) of interneurons in PV::ChR2 mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 50/110 (45%) — light-modulated pyramidal cells showing rebound spiking at the theta chirp trough; median gain 3.2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.7% (2/271) — pyramidal cells frequency-modulated by white-noise PV activation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1413 — total units recorded in chronic animals: 1151 pyramidal, 240 interneurons, 22 unclassified Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 142±13 spikes/sec — mean firing rate of directly driven PV interneurons during chirp photostimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.19±0.04 and 0.32±0.04 — frequency correlation between ascending and descending chirp coherences (CaMKII and PV mice), against time correlations of 0.054±0.04 and 0.02±0.05 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.49±0.09 — pyramidal-cell spiking gain during chirp PV activation versus 0.28±0.07 during white-noise PV activation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.52 — rank correlation between same-shank interneuron theta peak gain and pyramidal-cell chirp coherence, across all pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 9.8±0.9 Hz — peak resonance frequency of CA1 pyramidal spiking under PV chirp activation before Ih blockade Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 121/257, 47% — pyramidal cells significantly modulated by the chirp during direct CaMKII stimulation, versus 27/46 (59%) of interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 4–11 Hz — the theta band in which coherence and excess spiking are concentrated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 50/110 (45%) — share of light-modulated pyramidal cells that rebounded at the theta trough Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.7% (2/271) — pyramidal cells frequency-modulated under white-noise PV activation - the null Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.19±0.04 and 0.32±0.04 — frequency correlations, against time correlations of 0.054 and 0.02 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 100% and 90% — all 84 EYFP+ cells were PV+, and 84 of 93 PV+ cells were EYFP+ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 2–20 PV interneurons — estimated number of cells the focal light actually reached Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 692 of 1413, 51% — units classified by waveform rather than by tagging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.