phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | theta-band spiking resonance in cortical pyramidal cells— “In vitro, pyramidal cells exhibit theta-band membrane potential (subthreshold) resonance, but whether and how sub-threshold resonance translates into spiking resonance in behaving animals is unknown.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “Thus, PV interneurons mediate pyramidal cell spiking resonance in intact cortical networks, favoring transmission at theta frequency.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Using large scale extracellular recordings and optogenetics in freely-behaving mice, we showed that wide-band periodic but not random noise activation of PV interneurons induces theta frequency-favored spiking in hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal cells accompanied by post-inhibitory rebound spiking.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “In vitro, pyramidal cells exhibit theta-band membrane potential (subthreshold) resonance, but whether and how sub-threshold resonance translates into spiking resonance in behaving animals is unknown.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “Yet, it is not clear if and how subthreshold resonance is translated to the suprathreshold (spiking) regime ( Magee, 1998 ; Pike at all., 2000 ; Ulrich, 2002 ; Richardson et al., 2003 ) in behaving animals.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Thus, PV interneurons mediate pyramidal cell spiking resonance in intact cortical networks, favoring transmission at theta frequency.” | |
| transfer | from engineering signal analysis: the chirp - a linear frequency sweep - used as a stimulus to read a biological system's frequency response— “In principle, part of the frequency preference of individual cells could result from slow adaptation (due to e.g., ChR2 dynamics, cellular adaptation, and/or calcium buildup). To examine this possibility we tested a subset of units with both ascending (0–40 Hz) and descending (40-0 Hz) chirps” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from filter theory: low-pass filter and band-pass filter as the names for the two candidate explanations of the same band-limited discharge— “Theta band-limited discharge of PYR upon PV neuron activation can occur for at least two reasons. First, at high frequencies the high density of spikes emitted by PV cells can tonically suppress their targets, whereas at lower frequencies PYR can still fire in longer windows devoid of strong PV activity, creating in effect a low-pass filter.… | transfers[1] |
| mechanism | periodic PV inhibition hyperpolarizes pyramidal cells, activating HCN/Ih channels whose deinactivation produces time-locked post-inhibitory rebound spikes at theta frequency— “Although several mechanisms might account for the theta band spiking resonance ( Hu et al., 2002 ), our experiments suggest that to a large part, the effect is mediated by the activation of HCN channels in pyramidal cells, since pharmacological blockade of HCN channels largely abolished theta-band spiking resonance.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | rebound spiking of a fixed latency after release from inhibition acts as a band-pass filter on the inhibitory input frequency— “Second, active properties of pyramidal cells ( Hu et al., 2002 ; Stuart et al., 2007 ) may induce time-locked rebound spiking upon recovery from inhibition ( Llinas et al., 1982 ; Cobb et al., 1995 ) of specific duration, creating in effect a band-pass filter.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | at high input frequencies dense PV spiking tonically suppresses targets while at low frequencies gaps in inhibition let pyramidal cells fire, which alone acts as a low-pass filter— “First, at high frequencies the high density of spikes emitted by PV cells can tonically suppress their targets, whereas at lower frequencies PYR can still fire in longer windows devoid of strong PV activity, creating in effect a low-pass filter.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | short-term depression of the inhibitory synapse weakens hyperpolarization at low input frequencies, removing the drive for Ih activation and so suppressing sub-theta rebound— “Following intense presynaptic INT spiking, the inhibitory synapses on the PYR are less activated, so the hyperpolarization drive to I h activation is reduced.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | PV interneurons of the active assembly suppress competing cells, and release from that inhibition triggers rebound spikes that seed the next cell assembly on the opposite theta phase— “We hypothesize that the rebound spikes, induced by release from PV interneuron-mediated inhibition, contribute to the initiation of runner-up assemblies.” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the inductive effects of the hyperpolarization-activated current create a negative feedback that opposes voltage changes, and that feedback is what creates resonance— “The inductive effects of I h create a negative feedback that opposes the voltage changes and thus creates resonance” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | a low-pass account is available too: dense PV spiking tonically suppresses targets at high frequencies while low frequencies leave windows in which pyramidal cells can still fire— “Theta band-limited discharge of PYR upon PV neuron activation can occur for at least two reasons. First, at high frequencies the high density of spikes emitted by PV cells can tonically suppress their targets, whereas at lower frequencies PYR can still fire in longer windows devoid of strong PV activity, creating in effect a low-pass filter.… | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | HCN alone gives rebound at sub-theta frequencies as well, so a timing mechanism is needed to suppress the low end and turn a low-pass into a band-pass— “When the PYR model included I h , INT activation in the low frequency range induced rebound PYR spiking ( Figure 8A ). However, this range included sub-theta frequencies. Theta-band spiking regime resonance was especially robust when the model included a timing mechanism that prevented the generation of action potentials at low frequencies… | mechanisms[7] |
| mechanism | an OLM interneuron released from inhibition just in time can block the low-frequency rebound, which is one way to implement that timing mechanism— “During low-frequency INT stimulation, the OLM cell was inhibited by the INT and released from inhibition “just in time” to inhibit PYR and prevent post-inhibitory rebound during the high stimulus phase, in effect creating a PYR spiking band-pass filter.” | mechanisms[8] |
| mechanism | depression of the inhibitory synapses is the other way: at low input frequencies the presynaptic rate is higher, the synapses depress, and the hyperpolarisation that would drive HCN is reduced— “Following intense presynaptic INT spiking, the inhibitory synapses on the PYR are less activated, so the hyperpolarization drive to I h activation is reduced. Synaptic depression is more effective at lower input frequencies where the pre-synaptic input spiking is higher. Thus, at low stimulation frequencies, post-inhibitory rebound spiking is… | mechanisms[9] |
| mechanism | PV cells themselves show no frequency preference, which is consistent with basket cells lacking the current that produces it— “Individual locally-recorded PV cells reliably followed the alternating light patterns up to 40 Hz but showed no particular frequency preference, consistent with the lack of I h in basket cells” | mechanisms[10] |
| builds-on | Zemankovics et al., 2010 (lack of Ih in basket cells)— “Individual locally-recorded PV cells reliably followed the alternating light patterns up to 40 Hz but showed no particular frequency preference, consistent with the lack of I h in basket cells ( Zemankovics et al., 2010 ).” | claim_relations[0] |
| replicates | Stark et al., 2012 (local activation by the light cone of diode-probes)— “During single-shank chirp pattern PV activation, non-local units were weakly activated or not activated, similar to DC pulses ( Figure 1C ) and confirming previous demonstrations of local activation by the light cone ( Stark et al., 2012 ).” | claim_relations[1] |
| qualifies | the in vitro finding of theta-band subthreshold resonance in cortical principal neurons under intracellular sinusoidal injection— “The in vitro tests typically examined resonance by intracellular current injection of a chirp pattern at a hyperpolarized membrane potential while synaptic activity was blocked pharmacologically. The… | claim_relations[2] |
| builds-on | Cobb 1995's demonstration that basket cell burst discharge induces rebound spikes after release from hyperpolarization in vitro | claim_relations[3] |
| extends | the account of theta generation as a consortium of septal pacemaker, circuit interactions and intrinsic neuronal properties | claim_relations[4] |
| supports | an HCN-mediated mechanism for post-hyperpolarization rebound spiking Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| critiques | the use of grand averages to describe the relationship between pyramidal cells and perisomatic interneurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| sense | resonance here is defined generically as amplification in a limited frequency band, which is what lets the same word cover a membrane potential effect and a spiking effect that this paper shows come apart Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | subthreshold and suprathreshold resonance are separate claims: the first is established in vitro, the second is what this paper asks about, and directly-driven pyramidal cells do NOT show the second Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | INT is defined by a NEGATIVE result - interneurons NOT driven by the light - so the class is an outcome of the manipulation rather than a cell type, and the authors say some of them are probably PV cells that the light missed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | the opsin's specificity and sensitivity are measured separately: every labelled cell was PV, but 10 percent of PV cells were unlabelled Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | a well-isolated unit is defined by three explicit numerical thresholds on amplitude, cluster quality and refractory violations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | the theta index is a ratio to the cell's own broadband coherence, so it equals 1 under no bias - the measure carries its own null Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | the ZD-index is a normalised difference between control and drug coherence, built so that the drug effect can be shown to be specific to a frequency band and a cell type rather than global Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| control | the inhibition-induced theta-band spiking reproduced in a pyramidal cell-interneuron model that included the I_h current — held — rules out an in-vivo result with no mechanism behind it - the model has only the components the explanation names, so if the effect appears there it does not need anything else Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| note | subthreshold resonance —distinct-from→ spiking resonance — THE JOIN HAZARD: one word, two regimes. The paper's own sentence separates them - the subthreshold effect was NOT communicated to the spiking regime, while the spiking effect grew with inhibition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | PV —causes→ spiking resonance — the resonance is conferred by the inhibitory partner, not intrinsic to the resonating cell Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | PV —distinct-from→ INT — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says a subset of INT MAY be PV cells not activated by light; distinct-from is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | PV —distinct-from→ INT — CONTAMINATION DECLARED: INT means 'not driven by the light', which is not the same as 'not PV' Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| weight | PV —distinct-from→ INT — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | I h —causes→ resonance — MECHANISM: an inductive negative feedback opposing voltage change Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | HCN1 —part-of→ CA1 — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says HCN1 channels are abundant in the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| note | HCN1 —part-of→ CA1 — abundant in distal apical dendrites of CA1 AND neocortical layer 5 pyramidal cells - which is why the same effect turns up in both regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| audit | chirp —contrasted-with→ white-noise — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says responses to chirp and white-noise stimuli were compared; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| note | chirp —contrasted-with→ white-noise — THE DESIGNED CONTRAST: the same cells get both stimuli, and periodicity is the only thing that differs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| note | frequency correlation —contrasted-with→ time correlation — EACH EQUALS 1 UNDER ONE HYPOTHESIS: two measures constructed so that the rival predicts a specific number, not merely a direction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[8] |
| differs in | band-pass filter —contrasted-with→ low-pass filter — THE AXIS IS INPUT FREQUENCY, WITH THE MECHANISM GIVEN AT BOTH ENDS. 'at high frequencies the high density of spikes emitted by PV cells can tonically suppress their targets, whereas at lower frequencies PYR can still fire in longer windows devoid of strong PV activity, creating in effect a low-pass filter.' The same circuit is one filter or the other depending on the frequency it is driven at, so the two descriptions are not rival claims but the same mechanism at two operating points. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| note | band-pass filter —contrasted-with→ low-pass filter — the two rival accounts are named by the filter each would produce, which is what makes them separable by measurement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| note | OLM —causes→ band-pass filter — the timing mechanism that removes the low-frequency rebound HCN alone would produce Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| audit | synaptic depression —causes→ I h — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says depression REDUCES the hyperpolarization drive to I h activation; the direction is not stated on the edge. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[12] |
| note | synaptic depression —causes→ I h — SIGN: negative - depression reduces the hyperpolarisation that would drive the current, and it bites hardest at low frequencies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[12] |
| note | theta-index —operationalised-as→ coherence — the measure is a ratio to the cell's own broadband value, so its null is 1 by construction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[14] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the Ih result: THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS ESTABLISHED THE REQUIREMENT OF Ih FOR THETA-BAND SPIKING RESONANCE BUT NOT ITS SUFFICIENCY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the HCN account as complete: further mechanisms may sharpen the resonance in the intact network beyond the CRITICAL ROLE OF HCN CHANNELS the experiments support Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the assembly-seeding hypothesis: WHILE SPECULATIVE, THIS HYPOTHESIS IS COMPATIBLE WITH ALL KNOWN OBSERVATIONS ON PUTATIVE BASKET NEURONS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0], with the response: TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER Ih ALONE IS SUFFICIENT, WE CONSTRUCTED A BIOPHYSICAL MODEL Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[1] - HCN is critical but not the whole mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[2] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[2] - the rebound-spike account is labelled speculative Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the gain-baseline correlation: PRESUMABLY DUE TO a ceiling on spiking rate, not a property of the circuit (RANK CORRELATION -0.31; n=110; p<0.001) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the coherence-baseline correlation: THIS INCREASED COHERENCE MAY SIMPLY BE A FLOOR EFFECT AS SILENT CELLS CANNOT BE coherent (RANK CORRELATION 0.31; p=0.003) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the size of the manipulation: THE WEAK FOCAL PHOTOSTIMULATION AFFECTED AN ESTIMATED 2-20 PV INTERNEURONS, an order-of-magnitude range Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| for which use | limitation — half the recorded units: NON-TAGGED UNITS (692 OF 1413, 51%) ARE CLASSIFIED AS PUTATIVE PYRAMIDAL CELLS (PYR) OR INTERNEURONS (INT) ACCORDING TO WAVEFORM MORPHOLOGY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
| evidential status | mechanism — the paper's own words: We hypothesize that Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[4] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The pharmacological result shows Ih is necessary but not sufficient for theta spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | HCN channels are not the whole story; further mechanisms may sharpen the resonance in intact networks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The proposed assembly-seeding function of rebound spikes is acknowledged as speculative Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the blockade establishes that HCN is required and explicitly not that it is sufficient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | further mechanisms beyond HCN are expected to sharpen the resonance in the intact network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the assembly-seeding account of the rebound spikes is labelled speculative by the authors Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | a gain-baseline correlation is offered with its own artefactual reading, a spiking rate ceiling Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | a coherence-baseline correlation is likewise offered as possibly a floor effect, since silent cells cannot be suppressed further Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | the number of interneurons actually illuminated is an estimate spanning an order of magnitude Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| limitation | half the recorded units were classified by waveform rather than by tagging, and low-confidence ones were dropped Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Directly photoactivated pyramidal cells each spiked in a narrow frequency band, but the preferred band differed between cells and across the population covered the whole 0-40 Hz range, i.e. no group-level theta preference. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | When PV interneurons rather than pyramidal cells were driven with the chirp, pyramidal-cell spiking became coherent with the stimulus specifically in the 4-11 Hz theta band. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Nearly half of the light-modulated pyramidal cells fired excess rebound spikes at the trough of the theta-band chirp, with a median firing-rate gain of 3.2 over baseline. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Despite strong PV activation, white-noise inhibition frequency-modulated only 0.7% (2 of 271) of pyramidal cells. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Resonant pyramidal spiking upon PV activation did not result from adaptation, and required a rhythmic pattern of inhibition. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Theta-resonant pyramidal spiking depended on the effective magnitude of local inhibition. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Blocking Ih pharmacologically abolished the theta resonance. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Pyramidal cells fired at a similar theta phase during chirp PV activation as during spontaneous LFP theta, at the population level. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | In the model, theta-band resonance was most robust with a timing mechanism that prevented spikes at low frequencies: an OLM interneuron or synaptic depression of the inhibitory synapse. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | individual PYR tended to spike at narrow frequency bands, but the band differed from cell to cell and at the group level spanned the entire range of tested frequencies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | driving PV interneurons instead produced band-limited pyramidal spiking confined mainly to the trough of the stimulus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | the coherence between light and spiking was predominantly in the 4 to 11 Hz theta band Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | 45 percent of light-modulated pyramidal cells rebounded at the theta trough with a median gain of 3.2 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | TWO RIVAL MECHANISMS ENUMERATED IN ADVANCE, each named by the filter it would produce: tonic suppression giving a low-pass, or rebound giving a band-pass Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | pyramidal cells were less suppressed at low frequencies, which is compatible with the first of the two Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | THE NULL: white-noise activation of PV cells left only 0.7 percent of pyramidal cells frequency modulated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | FIRST DEFENCE OF THE NULL: overall spiking gain rose during both chirp and white noise, so the stimulation was not ineffective Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | SECOND DEFENCE: white-noise and chirp spiking gains correlated cell by cell at 0.58, so the suppression was not inefficient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | THIRD DEFENCE: PV cells followed the white-noise stimulus no less precisely than the chirp, so spike following was not impaired Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | white noise in fact suppressed pyramidal spiking MORE strongly than the chirp, 0.28 against 0.49 gain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | the conclusion the three defences license: periodic inhibition, not inhibition as such, is what creates spiking resonance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | TWO MEASURES BUILT SO EACH EQUALS 1 UNDER ONE RIVAL: frequency correlation is 1 for a purely frequency-dependent unit, time correlation is 1 for a purely adapting one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | frequency correlation was 0.19 and 0.32 and significant, while time correlation was 0.054 and 0.02 and largely not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | so the resonance is not adaptation, and a rhythmic inhibition pattern is required Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | theta preference grew with the strength of PV activation, while subthreshold resonance never reached the spiking regime even at low direct drive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | theta resonant pyramidal spiking depends on the effective magnitude of local inhibition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | under chirp PV activation cells spiked near the stimulus trough, the same phase relationship they show during spontaneous theta Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| finding | blocking HCN abolished the theta preference of pyramidal but not PV spiking, at population and single-unit level Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[27] |
| finding | DRUG SPECIFICITY SHOWN, NOT ASSUMED: synaptic transmission survived the infusion, since PV activation still silenced pyramidal spiking Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[28] |
| finding | NECESSITY ESTABLISHED AND SUFFICIENCY EXPLICITLY NOT: the blockade shows HCN is required, and a model was built to ask whether it is enough Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[29] |
| finding | THE MODEL REFUSED TO CONFIRM: HCN alone produced rebound at sub-theta frequencies too, and only an added timing mechanism made the resonance theta-specific Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[30] |
| finding | PV cells followed light up to 40 Hz with no frequency preference, consistent with basket cells lacking the current Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[31] |
| finding | the disagreement with in vitro work is attributed to the preparation: synaptic activity present in vivo, and the depolarising rather than hyperpolarising drive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[32] |
| finding | the current is largely deactivated near spike threshold, which is offered as why directly depolarised cells showed no theta resonance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[33] |
| finding | membrane resistance is much lower in a waking animal than in vitro, which may let neurons follow higher input frequencies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[34] |
| finding | ARTEFACTUAL READING OFFERED BY THE AUTHORS: the negative gain-baseline correlation is attributed to a spiking rate ceiling Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[35] |
| finding | AND AGAIN: the positive coherence-baseline correlation may simply be a floor effect, since silent cells cannot be suppressed further Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[36] |
| finding | the opsin was fully specific but not fully sensitive: every labelled cell was PV, and 90 percent of PV cells were labelled Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[37] |
| finding | 1413 units were recorded, 1151 classified as pyramidal, 240 as interneurons and 22 left unclassified Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[38] |
| quantity | 33% (101/309) — locally stimulated pyramidal cells directly activated by light in CaMKII::ChR2 mice, versus 59% (108/184) of interneurons in PV::ChR2 mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 50/110 (45%) — light-modulated pyramidal cells showing rebound spiking at the theta chirp trough; median gain 3.2 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 0.7% (2/271) — pyramidal cells frequency-modulated by white-noise PV activation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 1413 — total units recorded in chronic animals: 1151 pyramidal, 240 interneurons, 22 unclassified Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 142±13 spikes/sec — mean firing rate of directly driven PV interneurons during chirp photostimulation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 0.19±0.04 and 0.32±0.04 — frequency correlation between ascending and descending chirp coherences (CaMKII and PV mice), against time correlations of 0.054±0.04 and 0.02±0.05 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 0.49±0.09 — pyramidal-cell spiking gain during chirp PV activation versus 0.28±0.07 during white-noise PV activation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 0.52 — rank correlation between same-shank interneuron theta peak gain and pyramidal-cell chirp coherence, across all pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 9.8±0.9 Hz — peak resonance frequency of CA1 pyramidal spiking under PV chirp activation before Ih blockade Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 121/257, 47% — pyramidal cells significantly modulated by the chirp during direct CaMKII stimulation, versus 27/46 (59%) of interneurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 4–11 Hz — the theta band in which coherence and excess spiking are concentrated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 50/110 (45%) — share of light-modulated pyramidal cells that rebounded at the theta trough Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 0.7% (2/271) — pyramidal cells frequency-modulated under white-noise PV activation - the null Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 0.19±0.04 and 0.32±0.04 — frequency correlations, against time correlations of 0.054 and 0.02 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 100% and 90% — all 84 EYFP+ cells were PV+, and 84 of 93 PV+ cells were EYFP+ Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 2–20 PV interneurons — estimated number of cells the focal light actually reached Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| quantity | 692 of 1413, 51% — units classified by waveform rather than by tagging Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[16] |
| variable | cell type (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | chirp direction (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | light intensity (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | spiking gain (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | baseline rate (covariate) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | coherence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | gain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | theta-index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| definition | resonance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | theta-index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | ZD-index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | spiking gain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | frequency correlation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | resonance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | theta-index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | ZD-index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | INT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | frequency correlation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| key-terms | resonance, subthreshold resonance, spiking resonance, theta, PYR, PV, INT, HCN1, ZD7288, chirp, white-noise, coherence, theta-index, rebound, CA1, adaptation |
| concept | gain — not defined in this paper's own words; firing rate during stimulation divided by baseline Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[17] |
| Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | as written: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with a uniform null Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| permutation test | as written: permutation test with a zero correlation null Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| chi-squared test χ 2 | as written: χ 2 test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| Mann-Whitney U test U | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| Kruskal-Wallis test | as written: Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for multiple comparisons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| Wilcoxon signed-rank test | as written: Wilcoxon’s paired signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| t-test | as written: Bonferroni-corrected paired t-test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| rank correlation | as written: the rank correlation was 0.3 for light-modulated PYR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| Poisson test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| Rayleigh test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| binomial test | as written: exact Binomial test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| circular-linear correlation | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| spectral coherence (multi-taper estimate) | as written: multi-taper coherence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| standard error of the mean SEM | as written: mean±SEM Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[13] |
| linear regression with R-squared R 2 | as written: linear phase model: Φ(f)=(π+0.12)+0.06f; R 2 =0.87 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[14] |
| permutation test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[15] |
| Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[16] |
| rank correlation | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[17] |
| U-test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[18] |
| claim type | mechanism — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | optogenetic chirp and white-noise stimulation through multi-shank diode-probes with extracellular unit recording, an HCN channel blocker, and a two-cell biophysical model — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | excess post-inhibitory spiking of pyramidal cells confined to the theta band when PV interneurons are driven rhythmically — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: theta-band spiking resonance in cortical pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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