Older Adults Perceptions of Technology and Barriers to Interacting with Tablet Computers: A Focus Group Study

Eleftheria Vaportzis, Maria Giatsi Clausen, Alan J. Gow · Frontiers in Psychology · 2017 · information-systems · 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01687 · record vaportzis2017-older-adults-perceptions-of-techno
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. 2026-08-20 and 2026-08-28 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
selection 3 fields · compensation 2 fields · thematic analysis 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 31 concept tags on this paper, all 31 are grounded in a quoted sentence. 20 carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

thematic analysis qualitative design focus groups older adults tablet computers barriers technology acceptance diffusion of innovations response bias selection bias snowball principle portable computer Tablets touch-based interface computer self-efficacy computer anxiety cognitive deficits low self-efficacy ability to use technology direct experience with computers more positive attitudes community-based computer and internet training program computer and internet skill Selection Optimization Compensation (SOC) Theory selection optimization compensation Adult Learning Theory tablet refinement acceptance and adoption of tablets young-old BENEFIT OUTWEIGHS COST RATHER THAN COST DETERRING: technology acceptance in older adults tracks the perceived benefit more than the perceived price, which the paper reads through diffusion of innovations - adoption follows a clear benefit being visible EAGERNESS AND LOW CONFIDENCE COEXIST: most participants wanted to adopt the technology and the majority simultaneously doubted their own ability to use it, so the obstacle reported is instruction rather than motivation A CATEGORY CONFUSION UNDERNEATH THE BARRIERS: participants were unaware of the differences between device types, so 'technology' is being evaluated as one undifferentiated thing interpretive

Method, as described: three focus groups, generic qualitative design, thematic analysis, snowball recruitment

Legend

claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
concept	`concepts`	an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01687. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

claim_type 1 · concept_edges 8 · concepts 31 · contribution 1 · controls 1 · limitations 5 · mechanisms 3 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 24

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; 7 of 8 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

This record holds no relations between claims. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	what eighteen older adults with no tablet experience say about tablets and technology, in three focus groups Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	what older adults perceive as the advantages, disadvantages and barriers of interacting with tablets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	a thematic account in which eagerness to adopt coexists with low confidence, and instruction rather than motivation is the reported obstacle Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	slower adoption of new technology by older adults Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	interpretive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: interpretive	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: BENEFIT OUTWEIGHS COST RATHER THAN COST DETERRING: technology acceptance in older adults tracks the perceived benefit more than the perceived price, which the paper reads through diffusion of innovations - adoption follows a clear benefit being visible	`mechanisms[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: EAGERNESS AND LOW CONFIDENCE COEXIST: most participants wanted to adopt the technology and the majority simultaneously doubted their own ability to use it, so the obstacle reported is instruction rather than motivation	`mechanisms[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: A CATEGORY CONFUSION UNDERNEATH THE BARRIERS: participants were unaware of the differences between device types, so 'technology' is being evaluated as one undifferentiated thing	`mechanisms[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	The sample is small and the paper says larger studies are needed before the findings generalise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	RESPONSE BIAS IN A FOCUS GROUP IS NAMED BY THE AUTHORS: the enthusiasm reported should be read with caution because of the setting in which it was expressed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	SELECTION BIAS WAS NOT ACTIVELY PREVENTED - stated in those words - and is argued against afterwards from the data rather than designed out Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	Participants were naive tablet users by design, so the findings do not speak for experienced users Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[3]`	0.95	the tagger's words
limitations	Recruitment was by snowball sampling in one city, which the paper reports and does not treat as a limitation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[4]`	0.85	the tagger's words
controls	one third of participants reported being undecided or unlikely to use a tablet in future, offered as evidence that the sample was not only enthusiasts Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: selection bias toward people already interested in tablets · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial	`controls[0]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concepts	thematic analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: thematic analysis	`concepts[0]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	qualitative design Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: qualitative design	`concepts[1]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	focus groups Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: focus groups	`concepts[2]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	older adults Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: older adults	`concepts[3]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	tablet computers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tablet computers	`concepts[4]`	0.85	the paper's words
concepts	barriers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: barriers	`concepts[5]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	technology acceptance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: technology acceptance	`concepts[6]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	diffusion of innovations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: diffusion of innovations	`concepts[7]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	response bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response bias	`concepts[8]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	selection bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selection bias	`concepts[9]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	snowball principle Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: snowball principle	`concepts[10]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	portable computer Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: portable computer	`concepts[11]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	Tablets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Tablets	`concepts[12]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	touch-based interface Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: touch-based interface	`concepts[13]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	computer self-efficacy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: computer self-efficacy	`concepts[14]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	computer anxiety Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: computer anxiety	`concepts[15]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	cognitive deficits Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cognitive deficits	`concepts[16]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	low self-efficacy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: low self-efficacy	`concepts[17]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	ability to use technology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ability to use technology	`concepts[18]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	direct experience with computers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: direct experience with computers	`concepts[19]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	more positive attitudes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: more positive attitudes	`concepts[20]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	community-based computer and internet training program Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: community-based computer and internet training program	`concepts[21]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	computer and internet skill Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: computer and internet skill	`concepts[22]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	Selection Optimization Compensation (SOC) Theory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Selection Optimization Compensation (SOC) Theory	`concepts[23]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	selection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selection	`concepts[24]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	optimization Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: optimization	`concepts[25]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	compensation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: compensation	`concepts[26]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	Adult Learning Theory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Adult Learning Theory	`concepts[27]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	tablet refinement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tablet refinement	`concepts[28]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	acceptance and adoption of tablets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: acceptance and adoption of tablets	`concepts[29]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	young-old Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: young-old	`concepts[30]`	0.95	the paper's words
senses	barriers - IN THIS STUDY A PARTICIPANT-REPORTED CATEGORY, not a measured obstacle: what people said stopped them, grouped by thematic analysis - lack of instruction, lack of confidence, health, cost Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	cost - A BARRIER ONLY FOR THE EXPERIENCED. The paper notices that only participants with prior computer experience raised it, and offers the reading that inexperience means not knowing what the devices cost Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	Tablet computers - portable computers with a touchscreen Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	Technology adoption - associated with cognition, computer self-efficacy and anxiety; higher anxiety predicts lower use Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	portable computer - the class to which the paper assigns tablet computers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[4]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	Tablets - portable touchscreen computers with less operating-system complexity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[5]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	touch-based interface - the interface tablets comprise and that the paper associates with reduced complexity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[6]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	computer self-efficacy - one variable associated with technology adoption among older adults Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[7]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	computer anxiety - an adoption correlate whose higher values predicted lower technology use Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[8]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	cognitive deficits - an age-associated factor reported to reduce ability to use technology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[9]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	low self-efficacy - an age-associated factor reported to reduce ability to use technology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[10]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	ability to use technology - the technology-use capacity reduced by cognitive deficits and low self-efficacy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[11]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	direct experience with computers - hands-on computer experience reported to produce more positive attitudes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[12]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	more positive attitudes - the attitude outcome reported after direct computer experience Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[13]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	community-based computer and internet training program - a community intervention for older adults' computer and internet learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[14]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	computer and internet skill - the capability that the evaluated training program can increase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[15]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	Selection Optimization Compensation (SOC) Theory - a life-management theory built from selection, optimization, and compensation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[16]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	selection - goals in the SOC account Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[17]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	optimization - goal-related means used to achieve desired goals in the SOC account Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[18]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	compensation - reaction to loss in goal-related means that maintains success or desired goals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[19]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	Adult Learning Theory - the account in which adults participate in planning/evaluating instruction and experience grounds learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[20]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	tablet refinement - device improvement informed by older adults' reported needs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[21]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	acceptance and adoption of tablets - the older-adult outcome whose potential the paper says refinement can increase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[22]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	young-old - the 65-75-year age band used to restrict the study sample Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[23]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	thematic analysis —part-of→ qualitative design Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: thematic analysis · qualitative design	`concept_edges[1]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	tablet computers —is-a→ portable computer Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The paper gives an unhedged class definition: tablet computers are a type of portable computer. also in: tablet computers · portable computer	`concept_edges[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	touch-based interface —part-of→ Tablets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The paper unhedgedly says tablets comprise a touch-based interface. also in: touch-based interface · Tablets	`concept_edges[3]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	cognitive deficits —causes→ ability to use technology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: reduces · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The cited study reports a significant reduction without an epistemic hedge. · the relation stated: cognitive deficits and low self-efficacy associated with older age significantly reduced participants' ability to use technology Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span reports Alvseike and Brønnick (2012). also in: cognitive deficits · ability to use technology	`concept_edges[4]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	low self-efficacy —causes→ ability to use technology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: reduces · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The cited study reports a significant reduction without an epistemic hedge. · the relation stated: cognitive deficits and low self-efficacy associated with older age significantly reduced participants' ability to use technology Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span reports Alvseike and Brønnick (2012). also in: low self-efficacy · ability to use technology	`concept_edges[5]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	direct experience with computers —causes→ more positive attitudes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The paper reports that direct experience resulted in more positive attitudes. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span reports 'an earlier study'. also in: direct experience with computers · more positive attitudes	`concept_edges[6]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	community-based computer and internet training program —causes→ computer and internet skill Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: The cited evaluation concludes the program 'can be effective' in increasing skill; weight 0.7 preserves the modal language. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span reports an evaluation that concluded the program CAN be effective. also in: community-based computer and internet training program · computer and internet skill	`concept_edges[7]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	tablet refinement —causes→ acceptance and adoption of tablets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: The paper says its findings 'may be used' for refinement, thereby increasing adoption potential; weight 0.7 preserves that projected use. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says the findings MAY inform refinement, increasing the POTENTIAL for adoption; hedged. also in: tablet refinement · acceptance and adoption of tablets	`concept_edges[8]`	0.95	the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

Tags that could not be placed in the text:

none — every tag was located in the text

What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.