standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 2 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no limitations. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | money priming and self-sufficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioural-experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | using a subtle money-priming manipulation (a psychology method) to study its effects on economic and social behavior Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | participants randomly assigned to the three conditions of Experiment 1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: self-selection into the money-priming conditions · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | random assignment between the high-money and restricted-money manipulations, so the two primes differ only in the idea they activate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a difference between the kinds of people who received each prime, on an effect measured as a difference between the primes · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: priming | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | self-sufficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: self-sufficiency | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | money Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: money | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | accessibility Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: accessibility | concepts[8] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | THE DEFINITION AND THEN THE REFUSAL OF ITS CONNOTATION, IN CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES. Self-sufficiency is `an insulated state wherein people put forth effort to attain personal goals and prefer to be separate from others` - and then: `The term as we define it does not imply a value judgment and encompasses a mixture of desirable and undesirable qualities.` That second sentence is the paper's whole argumentative move. `Self-sufficiency` in ordinary English is a compliment; stripped of its valence it can carry `worked harder` and `helped less` at once, which is exactly what the nine experiments show Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | ONE PROCESS FOR TWO OPPOSITE-VALENCE LITERATURES, STATED AS THE PAPER'S PROPOSAL: `Some scholars have pointed to its role as an incentive ... Others, however, have deplored money for undermining interpersonal harmony. Quotation withheld` Two bodies of work that had been read as contradicting each other are re-described as one effect seen from two sides - and the only thing that makes that possible is the value-neutral definition in the previous row Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE OBJECT IS AN IDEA AND THE PAPER SAYS SO BEFORE ANY EXPERIMENT: `In this Report, `money` refers to a distinct entity, a particular economic concept ... we use the term money to represent the idea of money, not property or possessions.` Nobody is given, shown or promised wealth. A stipulative definition placed before the method, which is rare in this corpus and is what makes the result a claim about concepts rather than about incentives - and it is precisely the move a critic must accept before the findings can even be stated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND PRIMING IS DEFINED BY MECHANISM AND LOCATION RATHER THAN BY EFFECT: it works `through the use of mental priming techniques, which heighten the accessibility of the idea of money but at a level below participants' conscious awareness. Thus, priming acts as a nonconscious reminder of the concept of money.` Two commitments in one sentence - what the prime changes (accessibility) and where it changes it (below awareness) - and the second is the one a replication can fail on without touching the first Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → prior research on the effects of money Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Lea and Webley (1) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Frank, Gilovich, and Regan (13) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | priming —causes→ accessibility Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: DEFINITIONAL RATHER THAN EMPIRICAL, like the Minton2017 row: this is what the technique is FOR, stated in the method rather than found in the results. Weighted 0.95, and the direction is unambiguous in the quote - 'heighten'. also in: priming · accessibility | concept_edges[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | money —causes→ self-sufficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: GROUNDED ON THE HYPOTHESIS, NOT THE RESULT, AND WEIGHTED 0.7 FOR IT. The results sentence - 'nine experiments SUGGEST…' - writes the construct as an adjective, which cannot attest the noun this node uses. The conditional does, and it carries 'If', which is the right amount of commitment for an edge on a contested effect: money2013 on this corpus is the 2015 reply to a failed replication of the related Caruso et al. result, and it offers four moderators for when this should hold at all.
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span is conditional ('If money brings about ...'); the sign states it as a finding. also in: money · self-sufficiency | concept_edges[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | nine — number of experiments supporting the self-sufficiency conclusion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Reminders of money, relative to nonmoney reminders, led to fewer requests for help and less helpfulness toward others, and money-primed participants preferred to play alone, work alone and keep more physical distance from a new acquaintance. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Participants reminded of money reliably performed independent but socially insensitive actions. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | requests for help Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: requests for help | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | helpfulness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: helpfulness | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | self-sufficient orientation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: self-sufficient orientation | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | hypothesis-testing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: hypothesis-testing | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mean | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | odds-ratio Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: odds-ratio | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | p-value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: p-value | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | sample-size Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sample-size | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard-deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: standard-deviation | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | statistical-significance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: statistical-significance | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. also in: t-test | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.