(cid:NN). The PDF this text was extracted from encodes 3 characters in a way that names no letter, so the extractor could not say what they were. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing — the marks are the source’s, not the tagging’s.standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
This record holds no relations between concepts. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | auditory temporal masking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only a small number of collicular units showed backward masking, so the effect rests on few cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Recordings were made under anesthesia and restraint; the authors say further work in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals is needed for the higher auditory centres. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | A possible fourth mechanism (feedback inhibition from higher levels) could not be demonstrated with the present methods. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | both stimulus conditions held constant while the masking measurement was made Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a change in the stimulus itself explaining the change in masking · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | masking measured as the difference in probe-tone threshold with and without the noise burst, at each delay Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the probe threshold itself drifting - the with/without difference at the same delay cancels anything common to both · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | simultaneous masking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: simultaneous masking | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | temporal masking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: temporal masking | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | backward masking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: backward masking | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | cochlear nucleus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cochlear nucleus | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | THE DISTINCTION IS PSYCHOLOGICAL AND THE ARGUMENT IS ANATOMICAL. `From the psychological point of view two kinds of auditory masking are known, that is, simultaneous and temporal masking` - a split made by psychophysics, which this paper then tests by asking where in the cat's auditory pathway each one appears. A behavioural taxonomy checked against anatomy, which is the move Carlesimo2004 makes for priming thirty-three years later and mcmahon-olson2007 makes for repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND THE LOCATION IS ESTABLISHED BY AN ABSENCE: `Quotation withheld` Nothing was found at the first relay, therefore the mechanism is above it. A null result at one recording site doing positive work - which only holds because the same preparation DID show forward masking there, so the absence is not a failure of the method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | IT IS THE PHYSIOLOGY OF marcel1983's INSTRUMENT, AND NEITHER CITES THE OTHER. marcel1983 uses backward masking to render a prime unreportable and shows that semantic access survives it; this paper, twelve years earlier and in cats, asks WHERE backward masking happens and answers `not in the cochlear nucleus`. One paper uses the tool, the other locates it. The corpus holds both, and the pairing is only visible because they sit side by side - the sixth such pair found tonight Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → ELLIOT (1962a) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → ELLIOTT (1962a, b) and PICKETT (1959) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | histogram Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: histogram | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Forward masking weakened as the interval between the noise burst and the probe tone grew at both recording sites, but the decline was more abrupt in the inferior colliculus than in the cochlear nucleus. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Backward masking in the inferior colliculus took three forms: "on" neurons with a long latency to the probe tone (6 units), neurons inhibited by the noise burst (3 units), and "off" neurons (2 units). Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A unit produced backward masking only when its latency to the probe tone exceeded the 20 msec at which the noise burst's own response arrived, so units responding within 20 msec showed none. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The single-neuron curves relating amount of masking to masking interval followed the same trends as the published psychophysical masking data of Elliott and Pickett, although individual neurons differed from one another. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Only a small proportion of inferior collicular units showed backward masking at all. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Fast-adapting neurons form the overwhelming majority of neurons in the inferior colliculus. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | "off" type neuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: "off" type neuron | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | masking interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: masking interval | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | amount of masking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: amount of masking | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | stimulus intensity in dB Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: stimulus intensity in dB | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 36 — number of inferior collicular neurons tested for backward masking, of which 11 showed it in three modes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 6 units; 3 units; 2 units — how the 11 backward-masking units divided across the long-latency "on", noise-inhibited, and "off" modes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | more than 20msec / 10msec — the unit's response latency to the probe tone inside the backward-masking region versus its latency to the noise burst Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 14.5msec at-30dB — measured response latency at 3,500 Hz at the highest of four tested intensities, the shortest of the reported latency shifts Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.