standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 10 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | the effect of an acute stressor on acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response in male and female rats, and the role of ovarian hormones in the female effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | does stress enhance classical eyeblink conditioning in females as it does in males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | shows that the same stressor has opposite effects on associative learning in males and females, and that the female impairment requires ovarian hormones and available estrogen receptors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | sexually dimorphic stress effects on classical eyeblink conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioural-experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the paper's premise is a stated absence: the experiment exists because the question had never been asked of females Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the ceiling explanation is not argued away but engineered away: the CS intensity is lowered until unstressed females start where unstressed males started, and the impairment survives Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | two independent routes to the same conclusion: take out the organ that makes the hormone, then leave the organ and block the receptor instead Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the two converging routes do not agree in every detail, and the paper reports the disagreement rather than resolving it by preference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a ladder of nonspecific explanations is eliminated one at a time with its own control — pseudoconditioning, sensitization, spontaneous blinking, first-trial responding, analgesia and motor activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the first trial is used as a control on the manipulation itself: if the stressor made animals respond to the tone directly, it would show before any learning was possible Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[9] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the reflex itself is used as an argument that motor differences cannot explain the result, since every animal must produce the unconditioned response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[10] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the hormonal state is read out independently of the manipulation, by vaginal cytology, so the antagonist's effect can be confirmed rather than assumed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[11] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a continuous cycle is collapsed into three stages by the authors, chosen to correspond to circulating hormone levels rather than to the underlying cytological detail Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[12] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a transient effect and a persistent one are separated by looking at where each has gone by the end of training: the baseline sex difference washes out, the stress effect does not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[13] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | an unexpected reversal is reported rather than buried: ovariectomised females responded MORE after stress, putting them on the male side of the effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[14] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Sex and stress each independently affect performance in learning tasks, which complicates attributing the observed differences to learning. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any attribution of the effect to sex or to stress singly: EVALUATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SEX AND STRESS TO LEARNING IS COMPLICATED BY THE FACT THAT BOTH VARIABLES ALTER PERFORMANCE IN LEARNING TASKS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The ovariectomy result may reflect progesterone rather than estrogen, since removal of the hormone and blockade of its receptor gave different outcomes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the estrogen interpretation of the ovariectomy result: THE RESULTS MAY SUGGEST A CRITICAL ROLE FOR PROGESTERONE IN THE IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE ASSOCIATED WITH OVARIECTOMY | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Hormone removal and receptor blockade did not have equivalent consequences for learning, so the cellular route of the effect is unresolved. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any inference that treats hormone removal and receptor blockade as the same evidence: REMOVAL OF ESTROGEN HORMONE AND BLOCKADE OF ITS RECEPTOR DO NOT NECESSARILY HAVE SIMILAR CONSEQUENCES ON LEARNING AND MAY ACTIVATE DIFFERENT CELLULAR PROCESSES | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | the two hormones cannot be separated by ovariectomy, which removes both estrogen and progesterone Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - ovariectomy removes estrogen and progesterone together, so the two hormones cannot be separated by it | limitations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the antagonist is not clean at the receptor-subtype level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the receptor-specificity of the pharmacological result: ESTROGEN HAS AT LEAST TWO TYPES OF NUCLEAR RECEPTORS ... AND TAM HAS BINDING AFFINITY FOR BOTH TYPES OF RECEPTORS TO VARYING DEGREES | limitations[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the estrous stage was not controlled in the main experiments, so the effect may be carried by one phase of the cycle Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the main stress effect, which may be carried by one phase of the cycle: THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON ACQUISITION OF THE CR [may be] MEDIATED BY THE STAGE OF ESTROUS AND LEVELS OF CIRCULATING ESTROGEN | limitations[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | ovariectomy itself was not inert — it raised sensitized responding, and the paper has to argue that the increase is too small to matter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the sensitization comparison specifically: OVARIECTOMY ALONE ENHANCED THE NUMBER OF SENSITIZED RESPONSES ... [called] THIS MINOR INCREASE - the surgery moved the baseline it was meant to hold still | limitations[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | sex and stress are entangled as explanatory variables because each alters performance on its own Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - sex and stress are entangled because each alters performance on its own | limitations[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the mechanism linking stress to the hormones is proposed, not shown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the mechanistic account only: THE STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF LEARNING IN FEMALES MAY BE MEDIATED BY A STRESS-INDUCED DISRUPTION OF OVARIAN HORMONES - proposed, not shown | limitations[8] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | vaginal smear staging, imported as an independent readout of hormonal state so that a behavioural manipulation can be checked against circulating estrogen Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | tamoxifen, a clinical antiestrogen, repurposed as a laboratory tool for asking whether a behaviour requires estrogen receptors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | sham surgery reproducing every part of the ovariectomy except the removal itself Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the surgery, anaesthesia and handling as the cause of any difference attributed to loss of the ovaries - the single difference is named in the sentence · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | measurements of spontaneous blinking, sensitization and pseudoconditioning alongside the conditioning result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: three alternatives at once - nonspecific effects of stressor exposure on blinking, sensitization, and pseudoconditioning · outcome: held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | comparison of analgesia following tailshock between males and females Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a sex difference in stress-induced analgesia as the reason the conditioning effects run in opposite directions · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[2] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| senses | conditioning — classical versus operant/instrumental; stress moves them in opposite directions, which is the dissociation the paper is built on Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | eyeblink — conditioned response (at least 80 ms after CS onset, before US onset) versus sensitized response (within 80 ms of CS onset); the same movement counted as two different things by latency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | impairment — as a stress effect within females, versus as an ovariectomy effect in unstressed females; the paper finds both and keeps them apart Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | removing estrogen — by taking out the source (ovariectomy) versus by blocking the receptor (tamoxifen); the paper shows these are not equivalent operations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | sex difference — the baseline one (unstressed females learn faster, and it washes out with training) versus the stress-induced one (opposite signs, and it persists) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | estrous stage — the full cytological sequence versus the simplified three-stage scheme the authors impose to track circulating hormone levels Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | hormone effects — activational, depending on what circulates in the adult, as against the organisational sense implied by the title's contrast Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: classical eyeblink conditioning in rats with implanted periorbital electrodes, 24 h after restraint-and-tailshock stress, crossed with ovariectomy and with estrogen-receptor blockade Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: behavioural-experiment — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: sexually dimorphic effects of stress on associative learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: sexually dimorphic stress effects on classical eyeblink conditioning — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → the male-only literature on stress-induced facilitation of classical conditioning (refs 10–15), by asking the same question of females for the first time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → reports that stress-induced helplessness is reduced or absent in females (refs 6–9) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the expectation, stated as the paper's own hypothesis, that stress would enhance conditioning in females as it does in males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → the body of evidence implicating estrogen in memory formation, including clinical work on estrogen and Alzheimer's Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → a later study establishing that the female impairment occurs preferentially in proestrus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → an activity-difference explanation of sex effects in learning tasks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | classical conditioning —contrasted-with→ instrumental conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.95 also in: classical conditioning · instrumental conditioning | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | learned helplessness —operationalised-as→ operant conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.85
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'The impairment' = learned helplessness (previous sentence); operationalised-as is loose. also in: learned helplessness · operant conditioning | concept_edges[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | estrogen —part-of→ ovarian hormones Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.95
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'Female sex hormones ... produced by the ovaries', not 'ovarian hormones'. also in: estrogen · ovarian hormones | concept_edges[2] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | conditioned eyeblink response —distinct-from→ sensitized responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'Conditioned responses (CRs)', not 'conditioned eyeblink response'. | concept_edges[4] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | estrous cycle —operationalised-as→ vaginal cytology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: estrous cycle · vaginal cytology | concept_edges[5] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | analgesia —operationalised-as→ tailflick response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'analgesic responses', not 'analgesia'. also in: analgesia · tailflick response | concept_edges[7] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · estrogen —causes→ dendritic spine density Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span said 'the density of…', which does not attest the endpoint 'dendritic spine density' as a word. This sentence uses the paper's own compact form and states the effect: estrogen 'is reported to ENHANCE…'. — strength of the relation: 0.9
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed/hedged: estrogen is REPORTED to enhance spine density. also in: estrogen · dendritic spine density | concept_edges[8] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | ovarian hormones —causes→ hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.7
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'these sex differences in the stress response' = HPA axis activation (previous sentence); the span says DEPENDENT ON, causes is loose. | concept_edges[9] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | classical conditioning —operationalised-as→ delay paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.95
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'A delay paradigm was used', not 'classical conditioning'. also in: classical conditioning · delay paradigm | concept_edges[11] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | active avoidance —contrasted-with→ passive avoidance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.95 also in: active avoidance · passive avoidance | concept_edges[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | interaction effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: interaction effect | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | post hoc multiple comparison test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: post hoc multiple comparison test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Cochran's Q test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cochran's Q test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | p-value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: p-value | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: F | content_tags.statistics[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Newman–Keuls comparison test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Newman–Keuls comparison test | content_tags.statistics[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Cochran Q test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cochran Q test | content_tags.statistics[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | significant interaction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: significant interaction | content_tags.statistics[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | SD Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SD | content_tags.statistics[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | The same stressor had opposite effects by sex: it speeded acquisition of the conditioned eyeblink response in males and slowed it in females, each relative to its own unstressed controls. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Without stress, females acquired the conditioned response faster than males. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Removing the ovaries abolished the stress-induced impairment: stress impaired acquisition in females with intact ovaries but not in ovariectomized females. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blocking estrogen receptors with tamoxifen also abolished the impairment: stress impaired acquisition in vehicle-injected females but not in tamoxifen-injected females. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The opposite effects of stress on the two sexes were not caused by changes in spontaneous blinking, sensitization or pseudoconditioning. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | After stressor exposure, females remained significantly impaired relative to unstressed females. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Stressed males and stressed females did not differ in pain sensitivity as measured by tailflick latency, so the sex-opposite learning effects were not caused by differences in analgesia. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Late in training, stressed ovariectomized females actually responded more than unstressed ovariectomized females, that is, they showed the male-like facilitation once ovarian hormones were gone. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Ovariectomy on its own impaired learning in unstressed females during the later part of acquisition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | By the last 100 trials, unstressed males performed at a similar rate to unstressed females. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the same stressor had opposite effects by sex — facilitating acquisition in males and impairing it in females Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | unstressed females outperformed unstressed males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the baseline sex difference was gone by the last 100 trials Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | after stressor exposure females were still significantly impaired relative to unstressed females Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | stress impaired acquisition in females with intact ovaries but not in ovariectomised females Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ovariectomised females went the other way late in training, responding more after stress — the male pattern Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | blocking estrogen receptors with tamoxifen prevented the stress-induced impairment, while the injections alone had no effect on acquisition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | removing ovarian hormones impaired performance in the last 100 trials of training Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | no sex difference in spontaneous blink rate, in responses to the tone before training, or to explicitly unpaired stimuli Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | stressed males and stressed females did not differ in tailflick analgesia, so the effect is not a pain-sensitivity difference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | unstressed females reached 72% responding in the first 20 trials against 37% for unstressed males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | tamoxifen produced a diestrus cytology in 20 of 21 females, confirming the intended low-estrogen state Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ovariectomy alone roughly doubled sensitized responding, from under 1 in 10 to 2 in 10 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the stressor did not produce responses to the tone on the very first trial, before learning was possible Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | learned helplessness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: learned helplessness | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | conditioned response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: conditioned response | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | sensitized response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sensitized response | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | learned helplessness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: learned helplessness | content_tags.definitions[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Conditioned responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Conditioned responses | content_tags.definitions[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sensitized responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sensitized responses | content_tags.definitions[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | delay paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: delay paradigm | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | eyeblinks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: eyeblinks | content_tags.definitions[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Sham surgery Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Sham surgery | content_tags.definitions[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | pseudopregnancy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: pseudopregnancy | content_tags.definitions[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ceiling effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ceiling effect | content_tags.definitions[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Proestrus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Proestrus | content_tags.definitions[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | estrus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: estrus | content_tags.definitions[13] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | diestrus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: diestrus | content_tags.definitions[14] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | sex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sex | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | acquisition of the conditioned eyeblink response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | analgesic responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: analgesic responses | content_tags.variables[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spontaneous blink rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spontaneous blink rate | content_tags.variables[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Sham surgery Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Sham surgery | content_tags.variables[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | intertrial interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intertrial interval | content_tags.variables[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | rate of acquisition of the conditioned response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sex | content_tags.variables[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | stressor exposure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: stressor exposure | content_tags.variables[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | CS intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: CS intensity | content_tags.variables[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | spontaneous blink rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spontaneous blink rate | content_tags.variables[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | paired ( n = 7) or explicitly unpaired ( n = 4) conditioning stimuli Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | tailflick response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tailflick response | content_tags.variables[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Forty-four — male and female rats used in the first sex-by-stress experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 30 shocks (1 s, 1 mA, 60 Hz, 1 per min for 30 min) — the stressor administered to stressed rats 24 h before conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 300 trials a day for 2 days — the conditioning schedule in the first experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 72% ± 11 versus 37% ± 8% — conditioned responding over the first 20 trials in unstressed females versus unstressed males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 47% ± 7 — first-20-trial acquisition rate of unstressed females once the CS was lowered to 80 dB, close to the male rate of 37% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F (1, 36) = 14.28; P < 0.001 — the sex-by-stress interaction on acquisition of the conditioned response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F (1, 37) = 3.93; P = 0.05 — the effect of estrogen-receptor blockade on the stress-induced impairment of acquisition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 20 of 21 — tamoxifen-treated females whose vaginal cytology indicated diestrus and low estrogen Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | from <1 of 10, to 2 of 10 — increase in sensitized responses to the white-noise stimulus produced by ovariectomy alone Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F (1, 36) = 14.28; P < 0.001 — the sex-by-stress interaction on acquisition, the paper's central result Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 72% ± 11 vs 37% ± 8% — first-20-trial acquisition, unstressed females against unstressed males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 47% ± 7 — unstressed female acquisition after the CS was lowered to 80 dB, matched to the male rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 30 shocks — the stressor: 1 s, 1 mA, 60 Hz, one per minute for 30 minutes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 24 h — delay between stressor cessation and conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 300 trials a day for 2 days — training schedule in the first experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 85-dB, 240-ms — the white noise conditioned stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.7-mA, 80-ms — the periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 20 ± 10 s — intertrial interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 80 ms — the latency boundary separating conditioned from sensitized responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | F (1, 34)= 10.42; P < 0.005 — the ovariectomy-by-stress interaction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | F (1, 37) = 3.93; P = 0.05 — the tamoxifen-by-stress interaction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 1.5 mg — daily tamoxifen dose in sesame oil, for 4 days Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 44 male and female — sample in the first experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 37 adult female — sample in the ovariectomy experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 41 adult female — sample in the tamoxifen experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 20 of 21 — tamoxifen-treated females whose cytology indicated diestrus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.3–1.0 kHz, amplified 10,000× — electromyograph filter band and gain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.