phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | anesthetic-induced unconsciousness— “Consciousness vanishes when anesthetics produce functional disconnection in this posterior complex, interrupting cortical communication and causing a loss of integration; or when they lead to bistable, stereotypic responses, causing a loss of information capacity.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “Thus, anesthetics seem to cause unconsciousness when they block the brain’s ability to integrate information.” | |
| method — evidence | — “The evidence from anesthesia and sleep states ( Fig. 2 – 3 ) converges to suggest that loss of consciousness is associated with a breakdown of cortical connectivity and thus of integration, or with a collapse of the repertoire of cortical activity patterns and thus of information ( Fig. 2 ).” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Although anesthesia undoubtedly induces unresponsiveness and amnesia, the extent to which it causes unconsciousness is harder to establish.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “When we are anesthetized, we expect consciousness to vanish. But does it always?” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Thus, anesthetics seem to cause unconsciousness when they block the brain’s ability to integrate information.” | |
| transfer | from information theory: the classical measurement of information as reduction of uncertainty in bits, applied to brain states and conscious experience— “Classically, information is the reduction of uncertainty among alternatives: when a coin falls on one of its two sides, it provides 1 bit of information, whereas a die falling on one of six faces provides ~2.6 bits.” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from information theory: the bit and the reduction of uncertainty among alternatives, imported wholesale as the measure of how much experience a brain state constitutes— “Classically, information is the reduction of uncertainty among alternatives: when a coin falls on one of its two sides, it provides 1 bit of information, whereas a die falling on one of six faces provides ~2.6 bits.” | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from network science: small-world topology, used to explain why a small pharmacological insult to a few long-range connections can fragment the whole system— “Small-world networks have mostly local connectivity with comparatively few long-range connections. Augmented with hubs, such networks maximize interactions while minimizing wiring.” | transfers[2] |
| transfer | from information theory / time-series analysis: transfer entropy, borrowed as a directional measure so that feedforward and feedback interactions can be scored separately— “transfer entropy, a measure of directional interactions among brain areas, is balanced in the feedforward (green) and feedback (red) directions” | transfers[3] |
| transfer | from probability, via games of chance: the die as a model of a state repertoire, extended so that losing integration shatters it into many dice and losing information flattens it to two faces— “If integration is lost (as in anesthesia or sleep), the die disintegrates into many two-faced dice, each generating 1 bit of information.” | transfers[4] |
| mechanism | Anesthetics abolish consciousness by blocking the corticothalamic system's capacity to integrate information, not simply by silencing neurons— “Thus, anesthetics seem to cause unconsciousness when they block the brain’s ability to integrate information.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Because the corticothalamic system is a small-world network, cutting only a few long-range connections fragments it into functionally disconnected components— “By the same token, anesthetics need only disrupt a few long-range connections to produce a set of disconnected components.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Deep anesthesia collapses the response repertoire into a stereotypic two-state burst-suppression regime, so activity carries almost no information even while remaining globally integrated— “However, the repertoire of responses has shrunk to a stereotypic burst-suppression pattern, with a corresponding loss of information, essentially creating a system having only two possible states (on or off).” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | two independent routes to unconsciousness are proposed, so that a brain can fail either by disconnecting or by running out of things to say— “According to this framework, anesthetics would produce unconsciousness either by preventing integration (blocking the interactions among specialized brain regions) or by reducing information (shrinking the number of activity patterns available to cortical networks).” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | burst-suppression is the crucial counterexample to activity-based accounts: the system is active, hyperexcitable and globally integrated, and still unconscious, because its repertoire has fallen to two states— “Thus, during deep anesthetic unconsciousness the corticothalamic system can still be active in fact… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | a causal role for the thalamus is demoted to a readout by a timing argument: cortical EEG changes at the instant of loss of consciousness, thalamic EEG only ten minutes later | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | unresponsiveness is separated from unconsciousness by existence proofs rather than by measurement: dreaming and pharmacological paralysis are states with experience and without response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | amnesia is separated from unconsciousness the same way: the isolated forearm technique buys a channel of report that survives paralysis, and patients use it and then deny having been awake Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[7] |
| mechanism | TMS is used as a perturbation probe: push the cortex and measure how far and how specifically the response travels, which turns integration into something measurable rather than inferred from correlation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[8] |
| mechanism | convergence across two unrelated ways of losing consciousness — anesthesia and slow-wave sleep — is what carries the argument, since neither alone would isolate the common factor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[9] |
| mechanism | network topology explains the disproportion between a small pharmacological insult and a total loss of consciousness: in a small-world graph a few long-range edges hold the whole thing together Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[10] |
| mechanism | lesion data and anesthesia data are used as mutual corroboration, on the argument that a drug and a knife reaching the same region should produce the same deficit Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[11] |
| mechanism | a theory is used to license a negative rule of inference, forbidding both directions of the usual behavioural reading Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[12] |
| mechanism | the die metaphor is doing real theoretical work, not decoration: it makes 'integration' and 'information' visibly separable — a die that disintegrates versus a die that is flattened Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[13] |
| critiques | the behavioural definition of unconsciousness that anesthesia has used since its introduction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| critiques | the thalamic switch hypothesis (ref 2), that the thalamus gates consciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| supports | the integrated information theory of consciousness (ref 52) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| contradicts | the clinical inference from absent motor response to absent consciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| extends | existing depth-of-anesthesia monitoring, by proposing monitors that measure integration and information separately Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| supports | rival frameworks — global workspace and coalitions of neurons — which the paper declines to argue against Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| sense | unconsciousness — behavioural sense: failing to move on command, the 160-year-old clinical criterion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | unconsciousness — experiential sense: absence of experience, which the behavioural criterion does not track Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | information — classical sense: reduction of uncertainty among alternatives, measured in bits Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | information — the paper's working sense: the number of discriminable activity patterns a neural system can produce Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | integration — the ability of different cortical regions to interact effectively, explicitly flagged as a loose definition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | consciousness — graded, increasing with the repertoire of discriminable states, not all-or-none Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | thalamus — as a switch that gates consciousness, versus as a readout of cortical state; the paper names both and argues for the second Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | down-state — local, induced under one TMS site, versus global, induced across the connectional core; the same term at two scales in one paragraph Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | anesthetics — two classes by clinical role: intravenous agents to induce, volatile agents to maintain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | loss of consciousness — as an abrupt threshold crossing, versus as a shrinking or dimming; the paper says the evidence shows both Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| differs in | the thalamic switch hypothesis (ref 2), that the thalamus gates consciousness — READOUT AGAINST SWITCH - the axis is what role the thalamus plays, not whether it is involved. 'the effects of anesthetics on the thalamus effect may represent a readout of global cortical activity rather than a consciousness switch, and thalamic activity may not be a sufficient basis for consciousness.' The thalamic-switch hypothesis is not denied its data; it is denied its causal direction. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| weight | unresponsiveness —distinct-from→ unconsciousness — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · amnesia —distinct-from→ unconsciousness — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says anesthesia induces amnesia while its extent of causing unconsciousness is harder to establish; distinct-from is implied, not stated. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · amnesia —distinct-from→ unconsciousness — RE-GROUNDED. The old span named only unconsciousness. This sentence names both and distinguishes them ON THE EVIDENCE AVAILABLE FOR EACH - anaesthesia 'undoubtedly induces ... amnesia' while the extent to which it causes unconsciousness 'is harder to establish'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · amnesia —distinct-from→ unconsciousness — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | integrated information —operationalised-as→ phi — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | integration —operationalised-as→ transfer entropy — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span names transfer entropy as a measure of directional interactions; operationalising integration is a loose reading. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| weight | integration —operationalised-as→ transfer entropy — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| audit | thalamus —distinct-from→ consciousness switch — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the thalamic effect 'MAY represent' a readout rather than a consciousness switch; distinct-from is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| differs in | thalamus —distinct-from→ consciousness switch — THE AXIS IS CAUSAL DIRECTION. 'the effects of anesthetics on the thalamus effect may represent a readout of global cortical activity rather than a consciousness switch, and thalamic activity may not be a sufficient basis for consciousness.' The thalamic data are not disputed; what is disputed is whether the thalamus DRIVES the state or REPORTS it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| weight | thalamus —distinct-from→ consciousness switch — 0.75 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| audit | burst-suppression —causes→ information — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span is a fragment ('with a corresponding loss of information'); the cause is not in it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| effect direction | burst-suppression —causes→ information — reduces Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| relation | burst-suppression —causes→ information — the collapse to burst-suppression carries a LOSS OF information - two states where there were many Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| weight | burst-suppression —causes→ information — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| weight | up-state —distinct-from→ down-state — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| weight | corticothalamic system —is-a→ small-world — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[8] |
| audit | cerebellum —contrasted-with→ corticothalamic system — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'By contrast' = the corticothalamic complex (previous sentence). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| weight | cerebellum —contrasted-with→ corticothalamic system — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| weight | depth of anesthesia —operationalised-as→ bispectral index — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| audit | global workspace —distinct-from→ integrated information — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says other frameworks such as the global workspace are ALSO CONSISTENT with the findings; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| weight | global workspace —distinct-from→ integrated information — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| weight | propofol —contrasted-with→ thiopental — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[12] |
| audit | slow wave sleep —contrasted-with→ anesthesia — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says anesthesia is not the same as natural sleep; the endpoint 'slow wave sleep' is narrower. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[13] |
| weight | slow wave sleep —contrasted-with→ anesthesia — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[13] |
| weight | mesial cortical areas —part-of→ default network — 0.75 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[14] |
| for which use | limitation — every quantitative use of the integrated-information framework: IN PRACTICE, PHI CAN ONLY BE MEASURED RIGOROUSLY FOR SMALL, SIMULATED SYSTEMS - not for the brains the theory is about Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any anatomical localisation drawn from the review: WHETHER THE MEDIAL OR LATERAL COMPONENT IS MORE IMPORTANT, AND WHETHER ANTERIOR CORTICAL REGIONS ARE CRITICAL ... RE[mains open] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[0] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - the measure the framework rests on cannot be computed for a brain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — everything the review explains: HOW CONSCIOUSNESS ARISES IN THE BRAIN REMAINS UNKNOWN, so the loss is described without the thing being lost being understood Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[1] - which part of the posterior complex matters is left open Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the clinical monitors: THEY REMAIN LIMITED AT DIRECTLY INDICATING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS, ESPECIALLY AROUND THE TRANSITION POINT - which is where they are needed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — any EEG-based correlate: EITHER THE EEG IS NOT SENSITIVE ENOUGH TO THE NEURAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING CONSCIOUSNESS, OR WE STILL DO NOT YET FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT TO LOOK FOR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the deactivation-equals-unconsciousness account: MESIAL CORTICAL AREAS ARE DEACTIVATED IN REM SLEEP, WHEN SUBJECTS EXPERIENCE VIVID DREAMS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[7], from the clinical side: WHEN THESE AREAS START TO TURN OFF, SUBJECTS REPORT DREAMLIKE FEELINGS WITH DEPERSONALIZATION AND OUT OF BODY EXPERIENCES, RATHER THAN UNCONSCIOUSNESS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The integrated-information measure the paper's framework rests on cannot at present be computed for real brains, only for small simulated systems. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The paper cannot settle which component of the posterior complex matters most, nor the role of anterior cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | the measure the theory rests on cannot be computed for a brain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the paper opens by conceding that the thing it is explaining the loss of is itself unexplained Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | which part of the posterior complex matters is left open Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the existing monitors fail exactly where they are needed, at the transition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | a disjunction the paper cannot resolve: the signal may be wrong, or the interpretation may be Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the candidate region is deactivated in REM sleep, when experience is vivid — the paper states the counterexample to its own anatomy without resolving it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | selective deactivation of the candidate posterior region produces altered experience, not absent experience Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Most anesthetic agents appear to cause unconsciousness by acting, directly or indirectly, on a posterior lateral corticothalamic complex around the inferior parietal lobe, and perhaps a medial cortical core. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The thalamic effects of anesthetics may be a readout of global cortical activity rather than a consciousness switch. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Behavioural unresponsiveness under anesthesia does not reliably indicate that the patient is unconscious. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Post-operative amnesia is likewise not evidence that the patient was unconscious during surgery. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Evidence from both anesthesia and sleep converges on two routes to unconsciousness: loss of cortical integration or collapse of the repertoire of cortical activity patterns. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | On the integrated-information account, consciousness is graded rather than all-or-none, scaling with the size of a system's repertoire of discriminable states. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | intraoperative awareness occurs about once in every 1000–2000 operations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | sevoflurane sedation cuts relative thalamic metabolism by 23% while subjects are still awake and responsive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | cortical EEG changed at the instant of loss of consciousness while thalamic EEG did not change for another ten minutes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | in REM sleep the two dissociate the other way: cortical EEG activated as if awake, thalamic EEG showing slow waves as if asleep Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | after thalamic ablation the cortex still produces an activated EEG Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | the thalamic effects of anesthetics in animals disappear when the cortex is removed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | ketamine raises global metabolism, especially in the thalamus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | at equivalent hypnotic doses propofol and thiopental both deactivate posterior areas, but only propofol deactivates frontal cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | large frontal lesions do not by themselves produce unconsciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | a clinically unresponsive woman with large frontal lesions produced cortical activation patterns indistinguishable from healthy subjects when asked to imagine playing tennis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | as consciousness fades, EEG coherence in the gamma range drops between the two frontal cortices and between frontal and occipital regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | the coherence loss is far stronger for long-range than for local connections Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | in rats losing responsiveness, information transfer falls in the feedback direction first Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | anesthesia suppresses the late component of visual responses but not the early feedforward one, and abolishes contextual and attentional modulation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | in early non-REM sleep a TMS pulse produces only a short (<150 ms) local response, suggesting a loss of integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | TMS to mesial parietal cortex, over the main connectional hub, triggers a stereotypic high-amplitude slow wave closely resembling a spontaneous one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | nitrous oxide at intermediate doses selectively deactivates posterior mesial cortex, yet subjects report dreamlike experience rather than none Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | generalized convulsive seizures abolish consciousness even though neural activity is high and hypersynchronous, because that activity is stereotypic Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | GABA agonists injected into the intralaminar nuclei make rats fall asleep, and a nicotine injection there awakens rats under sevoflurane Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | computer simulations show a rapid state transition at a critical anesthetic dose, consistent with a breakdown of network integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | patients can be aware and responsive during surgery while the bispectral index says otherwise Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| quantity | once in every 1000–2000 operations — rate at which a surgical patient regains or retains consciousness under general anesthesia (intraoperative awareness) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 23% — reduction of relative thalamic metabolism under sevoflurane sedation in subjects who are still awake and responsive, showing thalamic suppression is not sufficient for unconsciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | once in every 1000–2000 operations — rate of intraoperative awareness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | over 160 years — age of the behavioural definition of unconsciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 23% — reduction of relative thalamic metabolism under sevoflurane sedation in awake responsive subjects Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 10 minutes — lag between the cortical EEG change at loss of consciousness and any thalamic change Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 20 to 80 Hz — gamma range in which coherence drops as consciousness fades Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 20 to 60 Hz — gamma range of the flash-evoked response in rat occipital cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 300 ms — duration of the sequential TMS-evoked response during wakefulness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | <150 ms — duration of the local TMS-evoked response in early non-REM sleep Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | >100 ms — the late visual response component that anesthesia suppresses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 1 Hz or less — frequency of the slow oscillation between up- and down-states in slow wave sleep Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | roughly once a second — rate of up/down oscillation at intermediate anesthetic concentrations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | a tenth of a second or more — duration of the synaptic silence in the down-state Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 1.1% isoflurane — anesthetic concentration in the rat flash-response experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 0.2 Hz — rate of the flashing light stimulus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| quantity | 1 bit — information from a two-sided outcome, the coin and the flattened die Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[16] |
| quantity | ~2.6 bits — information from a six-faced die Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[17] |
| quantity | a trillion faces — the scale of the experiential repertoire in the paper's metaphor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[18] |
| variable | thalamic metabolism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | EEG coherence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| variable | transfer entropy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | depth of anesthesia Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | anesthetic dose Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | repertoire of discriminable states Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | field potentials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | functional connectivity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| definition | integrated information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | large-scale integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | hyperkinetic mutism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | small-world networks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | burst-suppression pattern Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | phi Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | burst-suppression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | Small-world networks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| definition | transfer entropy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[11] |
| definition | isolated forearm technique Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[12] |
| definition | hyperkinetic mutism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[13] |
| definition | electroencephalogram (EEG) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[14] |
| definition | down-state Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[15] |
| definition | flat EEG Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[16] |
| definition | information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[17] |
| key-terms | consciousness, unconsciousness, unresponsiveness, amnesia, anesthesia, general anesthetics, integrated information, integration, information, phi, corticothalamic system, thalamus, consciousness switch, burst-suppression, up-state, down-state, slow wave sleep, REM sleep, bispectral index, isolated forearm technique, intraoperative awareness, transfer entropy, small-world, transcranial magnetic stimulation, hyperkinetic mutism, akinetic mutism, vegetative state, ketamine, propofol, thiopental, sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, cerebellum, global workspace, default network, connectional core, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal, electroencephalogram, functional connectivity, ion channels |
| concept | integration — the ability of different cortical regions to interact effectively Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | information — not defined in this paper's own words; the number of discriminable activity patterns available to the system Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | burst-suppression — not defined in this paper's own words; near-flat EEG interrupted by quasi-periodic global bursts; a stereotypic on-off pattern Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
| transfer entropy | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| phi (Φ) | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| EEG coherence | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| bits | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| current density | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| bispectral index | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| claim type | mechanism — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | narrative review — pharmacological, neuroimaging, lesion, EEG and TMS evidence read together and against a theory, with no new data — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: review Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | loss of consciousness under general anesthesia — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: anesthetic-induced unconsciousness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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