phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | hippocampal-entorhinal coding of a non-spatial continuous dimension— “We tested this idea by recording hippocampal and entorhinal neurons in a task that required rats to use a joystick to manipulate sound along a continuous frequency axis.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “We found neural representation of the entire behavioral task, including activity that formed discrete firing fields at particular sound frequencies.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We recorded 2208 units in the dorsal CA1 of 5 rats and 1164 units in the dorsal MEC of 9 rats ( Extended Data Fig. 2 ).” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Our results therefore suggest that the well-known spatial patterns in the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit may be a consequence of the continuous nature of the relevant task variables (e.g., location), rather than a primacy of physical space for this network” | |
| research question — evidence | — “However, the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit is involved not only in spatial navigation, but in a variety of memory-guided behaviors 6 . The relationship between this general function and the specialized spatial activity patterns is unclear. A conceptual framework reconciling these views is that spatial representation is just one example of a… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “We tested this idea by recording hippocampal and entorhinal neurons in a task that required rats to use a joystick to manipulate sound along a continuous frequency axis. We found neural representation of the entire behavioral task, including activity that formed discrete firing fields at particular sound frequencies. Neurons involved in this… | |
| transfer | from spatial navigation electrophysiology: place cells, grid cells, border cells and head direction cells, carried into a task with no spatial dimension— “SMT firing fields of both place cells and grid cells were similar to those of other cells and spanned the entire task, including periods when the rat was immobile ( Extended Data Fig. 10 ). Other spatial cell types, including border cells and head direction cells, were also SMT-modulated (e.g. cell 9 in Fig. 4b ; Extended Data Fig. 10 ).… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from spatial navigation electrophysiology: the spatial information measure, applied unchanged to time bins instead of spatial bins— “To detect place cells, we calculated “spatial information” 34 – the mutual information rate between spikes and location – using the same formula as above ( Eqn. 2 ), but using the 1600 spatial bins instead of time bins. Place cells were defined as cells for which the information rate exceeded 99% of the values for the shuffled samples.” | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from auditory psychophysics: the perceptually uniform logarithmic frequency axis, used as the continuous dimension to be traversed— “To test this idea, we designed a “sound manipulation task” (SMT), in which rats changed the frequency of sound in their environment ( Fig. 1a ). Animals deflected a joystick to activate a pure tone produced by a sound speaker. They continued deflecting in order to increase frequency along a perceptually uniform logarithmic axis 22 . Rewards… | transfers[2] |
| transfer | from human fMRI of cognitive spaces: the claim that continuous non-spatial dimensions are mapped by this circuit, brought down to single units— “However, the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit is involved not only in spatial navigation, but in a variety of memory-guided behaviors 6 . The relationship between this general function and the specialized spatial activity patterns is unclear. A conceptual framework reconciling these views is that spatial representation is just one example of a… | transfers[3] |
| mechanism | Spatial firing arises because location happens to be a continuous task-relevant variable, not because physical space is privileged for this circuit— “Our results therefore suggest that the well-known spatial patterns in the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit may be a consequence of the continuous nature of the relevant task variables (e.g., location), rather than a primacy of physical space for this network” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Performing a task drives a sequence of firing fields that are elicited parametrically as behaviour progresses— “In this framework, task performance activates a sequence of neural activity, in which firing fields are elicited parametrically with progress through behavior.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Overlap between neighbouring fields encodes the order and adjacency of behavioural states, supporting episodic linking and planning— “Neighboring and partially overlapping fields therefore represent the order and adjacency of behavioral states.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | traversal speed is randomised trial by trial so that sound frequency and elapsed time are uncoupled, which is what makes a frequency field distinguishable from a time field— “To uncouple frequency from the amount of elapsed time, we randomly varied, across trials, the “speed” of frequency traversal. Resulting trials varied in duration by up to a factor of 2, on average in the range of 5–10 s.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | a model tested the strength of alignment of the neural activity to various task events, and each field was found to align best either to particular sound frequencies or to the press or the release of the joystick— “To quantify this frequency locking, we implemented a model that tested the strength of alignment of the neural activity to various task events ( Extended Data Fig. 7 ). Of the fields that occurred during sound presentation, more than half in both CA1 and MEC aligned best to particular sound frequencies, whereas the rest were more strongly… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the proposed general mechanism is that task performance activates a progression of firing fields, so that neighbouring and overlapping fields represent the order and adjacency of behavioural states— “However, our observations lead to an intriguing conjecture that in more complex tasks (e.g. those containing memory-guided decision points), the hippocampal/entorhinal system might similarly represent arbitrary behavioral states. In this framework, task performance activates a sequence of neural activity, in which firing fields are elicited… | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | and the absence of field broadening across the trial is attributed to an informative sensory variable being continuously available, unlike in a delay task where the code can drift— “Note that fields in the SMT did not progressively broaden during the delay period, as they typically do in time cells; this may be due to the fact that an informative sensory variable (sound frequency) was always available to the animal, preventing a drift in the neural code.” | mechanisms[6] |
| builds-on | the cognitive-map framework (refs 7-10) holding that spatial coding is one case of a general mechanism for continuous task-relevant variables, including recent human fMRI work on cognitive spaces— “A conceptual framework reconciling these views is that spatial representation is just one example of a more general mechanism for encoding continuous, task-relevant variables 7 – 10 .” | claim_relations[0] |
| generalises | the cognitive map account, from locations to any continuous task-relevant variable— “However, the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit is involved not only in spatial navigation, but in a variety of memory-guided behaviors 6 . The relationship between this general function and the specialized spatial activity patterns is unclear. A conceptual framework reconciling these views is that spatial representation is just one example of a… | claim_relations[1] |
| reinterprets | spatial firing itself, as a consequence of the continuity of the task variable rather than of space— “Our results therefore suggest that the well-known spatial patterns in the hippocampal/entorhinal circuit may be a consequence of the continuous nature of the relevant task variables (e.g., location), rather than a primacy of physical space for this network” | claim_relations[2] |
| extends | the non-spatial modulation literature, from discrete stimuli and time points to a continuously traversed dimension— “Consistent with this idea, the firing of hippocampal cells is modulated not only by location, but also by non-spatial variables, including sensory, behavioral and internal parameters 12 , 13 . For… | claim_relations[3] |
| distinguishes-from | time cells, whose fields broaden across a delay where these did not | claim_relations[4] |
| qualifies | the reported relationship between theta frequency and running speed, which did not appear when speed was not locomotion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| builds-on | the grid module literature, with wide-spacing modules producing wide fields in this task too Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| confirms | the previously reported dependence of grid cell detection on environment size Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[7] |
| sense | A CELL TYPE IS NAMED AFTER THE TASK IT WAS DISCOVERED IN: the well-known spatial patterns may be a consequence of the continuous nature of the task variable, rather than a primacy of physical space for this network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | and the same neurons produce the same discrete fields on an axis of sound frequency, so spatial and non-spatial representations come from one population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | MEMBERSHIP OF A NAMED CLASS BARELY PREDICTS THE SAME CELL IN ANOTHER TASK: the amount of task modulation had a very weak correlation with placeness and gridness, r2 about 0.005, which is read as nearly independent activity patterns Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | THE DEFINITION OF THE TYPE IS A THRESHOLD ON THIS DATASET'S OWN SHUFFLES: grid cells are cells whose grid score exceeds the 95th percentile of the shuffled samples, which in this dataset was 0.46 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | and place cells are cells whose spatial information exceeds 99% of their own shuffled values, so both categories are defined relative to the recording rather than absolutely Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | AND THE COUNT OF A CELL TYPE DEPENDS ON THE ARENA: fewer grid cells were detected in the smaller environment than the larger one, so every grid comparison was re-verified on the subset recorded in the larger environment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | AN EXCLUSION CRITERION THAT DOES NOT EXIST OUTSIDE THE TASK IT WAS BUILT FOR: sharp-wave ripples are normally removed by rejecting low-velocity time points, and with no velocity in this task they had to be detected directly in the field potential Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | with the negative disclosure attached: excluding those spikes did not qualitatively change any result, it only raised the in-field to background ratio Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | THE SPATIAL CONFOUND IS DESIGNED OUT RATHER THAN CORRECTED FOR: rats moved their heads while deflecting the joystick in the first apparatus, so a nosepoke was added in the second Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | THETA DID NOT TRACK SPEED HERE, UNLIKE IN NAVIGATION, which is read as the navigation relationship being dependent on locomotion-related signals Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | THE CONTROL IS DECOMPOSED RATHER THAN RUN ONCE: passive playback alone engaged almost no cells, passive playback with a reward engaged a fifth of them with wider fields, so context matters and agency is not strictly required Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | and a frequency field is called analogous to a place field, naming the new thing after the old one in the same sentence that shows the old name was too narrow Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| control | modifications to the apparatus - a nosepoke aligned with the joystick handle - introduced in the second version — held — rules out the possible SPATIAL CONFOUND of rats moving their heads while deflecting the joystick. It matters because the paper's claim is that these cells map a NON-SPATIAL dimension, so an uncontrolled head movement would make the result the very thing the paper denies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | time cells, whose fields broaden across a delay where these did not — THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE FIELDS BROADEN ACROSS A DELAY, AND THE EXPLANATION IS GIVEN. 'fields in the SMT did not progressively broaden during the delay period, as they typically do in time cells; this may be due to the fact that an informative sensory variable (sound frequency) was always available to the animal, preventing a drift in the neural code.' The broadening is not denied of time cells - it is attributed to the ABSENCE of an external reference, which this task supplies. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| differs in | the reported relationship between theta frequency and running speed, which did not appear when speed was not locomotion — THE AXIS IS THE DOMAIN. 'Unlike in spatial navigation, theta frequency did not correlate to speed; this may imply that the relationship between theta and speed during navigation is' [specific to navigation]. The qualification is that an established correlation is domain-bound - and the evidence for it is a NULL (slope not significantly different from 0, p = 0.70), so the row also carries the polarity gap: see an internal file. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| audit | location —is-a→ continuous — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span names location as a continuous task variable; is-a is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| note | location —is-a→ continuous — location is given as an EXAMPLE of a continuous task variable, which is the whole demotion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | border cell —part-of→ SMT — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but border cells were SMT-MODULATED; part-of a task is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| audit | place cell —part-of→ SMT — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but 25.1% of place cells were SMT-MODULATED; part-of a task is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| note | place cell —part-of→ SMT — a quarter of the place cells and a third of the grid cells were modulated in the sound task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| audit | grid cell —part-of→ SMT — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but 34.3% of grid cells PARTICIPATED in the SMT; part-of a task is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| audit | random foraging —contrasted-with→ SMT — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but cells were recorded in both the random-foraging task and the SMT and some fired in both; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[12] |
| note | random foraging —contrasted-with→ SMT — the same cells recorded in both, with a mixed representation in CA1 - some cells in one task only, some producing fields in both Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[12] |
| note | grid cell —operationalised-as→ grid score — THE DEFINITION IS A THRESHOLD ON THIS DATASET'S OWN SHUFFLES: the 95th percentile of the shuffled samples, which here was 0.46 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[15] |
| audit | grid score —operationalised-as→ percentile — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the grid score is compared against shuffled percentiles; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[16] |
| note | place cell —operationalised-as→ spatial information — and place cells are those whose information rate exceeds 99% of their own shuffled values Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[18] |
| audit | spatial information —operationalised-as→ location — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but spatial information is defined via location; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[19] |
| note | spatial information —operationalised-as→ location — the same formula as the task-phase information, run over 1600 spatial bins instead of time bins Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[19] |
| audit | SWR —part-of→ CA1 — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but some CA1 spikes occurred DURING sharp-wave ripple events; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[26] |
| note | head direction —distinct-from→ SMT — and the residual head-direction confound was tested directly, since those cells overlap the modulated population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[29] |
| edge | time cell —contrasted-with→ SMT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[33] |
| note | task —contrasted-with→ passive playback — THE CONTROL SEPARATES THE STIMULUS FROM THE TASK: 1.7% of the same CA1 cells responded to the identical sweeps outside the task, against 31.1% inside it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[34] |
| audit | reward —operationalised-as→ salience — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says salience was increased by delivering a reward; the direction of operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[35] |
| note | reward —operationalised-as→ salience — and the control is then run a second time WITH a reward, recovering a fifth of the cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[35] |
| note | behavioral context —causes→ firing field — fields in the rewarded playback task were more than twice as wide, so context affected both how many cells were activated and how precise they were Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[37] |
| audit | frequency —causes→ release — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says sound frequency influenced when rats released the joystick; the endpoint 'release' is terse. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[58] |
| note | frequency —causes→ release — releases were predicted by frequency alone with almost no added influence of elapsed time Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[58] |
| audit | frequency —distinct-from→ duration — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span compares variability of durations and frequencies; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[59] |
| note | frequency —distinct-from→ duration — trial durations were three times more variable than release frequencies, which is how the strategy is identified Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[59] |
| audit | octave —operationalised-as→ frequency — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span measures frequency in octaves; the direction of operationalised-as is reversed. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[62] |
| note | octave —operationalised-as→ frequency — and the unit is RELATIVE - octaves above a 2 kHz start, so the number does not join without its reference Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[62] |
| note | grid cell —part-of→ module — and the module a cell belongs to predicts its field width in the SOUND task as well as in the arena Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[68] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the hexagonal-lattice interpretation only: THE SMALL NUMBER OF FIELDS PRODUCED BY GRID CELLS in the sound task makes the 1-dimensional-slice reading untestable here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — every functional claim about the acoustic representation: IN THE SMT, RATS DID NOT ACTUALLY NEED TO REPRESENT THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENTIRE ACOUSTIC SPACE - the representation is not necessary for the behaviour Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison of grid-cell yield between environments: WE DETECTED FEWER GRID CELLS IN THE SMALLER ENVIRONMENT THAN IN THE LARGER ONE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the three-way classification of firing fields: THE THREE CLUSTERS WERE NOT PERFECTLY SEPARATED ... SOME FIRING FIELDS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY NON-ZERO REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR MORE THAN ONE TASK PARAMETER: 14% IN CA1 - the classes overlap, and by how much is measured Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - too few fields to test the lattice reading Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[1] - one frequency would suffice to solve the task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[2] - grid comparisons are confounded with arena size Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the field-narrowing result near press and release: it may reflect A HIGHER DENSITY of sampling at those moments rather than a property of the fields Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the attribution of the modulation to the sound dimension: HEAD DIRECTION (HD) CELLS OVERLAP WITH SMT-MODULATED NEURONS, and a separate analysis was needed to exclude them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | untested | |
| no type for this | SMT → linear track — AN ANALOGY, BOUNDED BY ITS AUTHORS: the sound-manipulation task evolves along a continuous axis (sound frequency) and is therefore ANALOGOUS to spatial navigation on a linear track, SHARING SOME KEY FEATURES of neural representation - discrete firing fields tiling the task, multiple fields in MEC cells, clustering at salient features, and context-dependence. 'Some key features' is the authors' own bound and it is the part an equivalence edge deletes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| limitation | Too few fields per grid cell in the sound task to test whether its firing corresponds to a one-dimensional slice through a hexagonal grid lattice. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The task itself did not require the animals to represent the whole acoustic dimension, so the functional necessity of the representation is not established. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | Grid-cell yield depended on arena size, fewer being detected in the smaller environment. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The three alignment classes (press-, release-, frequency-aligned) were not cleanly separable, with some fields loading on more than one task parameter. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | the hexagonal-lattice reading of the grid cell results could not be tested, because grid cells produced too few fields in this task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the rats did not actually need to represent the whole acoustic space to solve the task, since responding to one frequency would have sufficed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | fewer grid cells were detected in the smaller environment than the larger one, so all grid comparisons had to be verified on the subset recorded in the larger environment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | a tightening of firing fields in the vicinity of joystick presses and releases may be due to a higher density of available sensory cues, or alternatively may result from the stronger salience of these events Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | and a head-direction confound had to be excluded by a separate analysis, since head direction cells overlap the modulated population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Rats solved the task by tracking sound frequency rather than elapsed time, releasing the joystick later when frequency advanced more slowly. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | A large fraction of both CA1 and entorhinal cells were significantly task-modulated during the non-spatial sound task. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Task-modulated activity took the form of discrete firing fields resembling those seen during spatial navigation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Most fields occurring during sound presentation were locked to sound frequency rather than to the motor events bounding the trial. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Almost no CA1 cells, including the task-modulated ones, responded to passive playback of the same sounds (1.7% against 31.1% during the task). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Adding a reward at the end of passive sweeps produced task-modulated activity, but in fewer cells than the task itself (20.2%). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Fields in the rewarded passive-playback task were about twice as wide as SMT fields, i.e. temporally less precise. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | A quarter of identified place cells also carried the non-spatial sound representation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Grid cells likewise participated in the non-spatial task. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | How spatially tuned a neuron was barely predicted how strongly it was modulated in the sound task, indicating the two codes are near-independent within the same cells. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | Grid module identity carried over to the sound task: modules with wider spatial fields produced wider sound fields. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | the reconciling framework is stated in advance - spatial representation as one example of a general mechanism for encoding continuous task-relevant variables Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | neurons formed discrete firing fields at particular sound frequencies, and overlapped with the known spatial cell types Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | common circuit mechanisms are proposed for representations of diverse behavioural tasks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the cognitive map frame already allowed the related entities to be distinct stimuli or abstract concepts, not only locations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | hippocampal firing was already known to be modulated by non-spatial variables, discrete stimuli and time points in delay tasks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | TRAVERSAL SPEED WAS RANDOMISED SO THAT FREQUENCY AND ELAPSED TIME WERE UNCOUPLED, which is what makes a frequency field distinguishable from a time field Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | joystick releases were predicted by sound frequency alone with almost no added influence of elapsed time Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | and trial durations were about three times more variable than release frequencies, which is how the strategy was identified Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | 40.0% of CA1 units and 51.3% of MEC units were significantly modulated during the task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | activity was largely confined to discrete firing fields akin to those of spatial navigation, clustered at trial boundaries but spanning the entire task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | AND THE NEW THING IS NAMED AFTER THE OLD ONE: frequency fields, called analogous to place fields Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | more than half of the fields during sound presentation aligned best to frequency rather than to the press or the release Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | THE CONTROL SEPARATES THE STIMULUS FROM THE TASK: 1.7% of the same cells responded to identical sweeps outside the task, against 31.1% inside it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | and the control was then run again WITH a reward, recovering a fifth of the cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | with fields more than twice as wide, so behavioural context affected both how many cells were activated and how precise they were, while agency was not strictly required Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | a quarter of place cells and a third of grid cells were modulated in the sound task, with a mixed representation in CA1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| finding | MEMBERSHIP OF THE NAMED CLASS BARELY PREDICTED THE SAME CELL IN THE OTHER TASK: r2 of about 0.005 against placeness and gridness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[27] |
| finding | so the two sets were not distinct subclasses of the circuit but a shared use of the same neural population between tasks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[28] |
| finding | and the grid module a cell belongs to predicted its field width in the sound task as well as in the arena Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[29] |
| finding | THE ANALYSIS THAT WOULD HAVE DECIDED THE LATTICE READING COULD NOT BE RUN, for want of fields per grid cell Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[30] |
| finding | the sound task is declared analogous to a linear track, with the shared properties then listed one by one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[31] |
| finding | spatial and non-spatial representations are produced by the same neuronal population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[32] |
| finding | A CELL TYPE IS NAMED AFTER THE TASK IT WAS DISCOVERED IN: the spatial patterns may be a consequence of the continuity of the task variable rather than a primacy of physical space Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[33] |
| finding | the rats did not need to represent the whole acoustic space; responding to one particular frequency would have sufficed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[34] |
| finding | the conjecture is that task performance activates a progression of fields carrying the order and adjacency of behavioural states Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[35] |
| finding | with place and grid codes as a manifestation of that general mechanism rather than a spatial faculty Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[36] |
| finding | because rats sometimes moved their heads while deflecting the joystick in version 1 of the apparatus, version 2 was modified to remove this possible spatial confound Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[37] |
| finding | frequency is reported in octaves RELATIVE to a 2 kHz start, so the number does not join without its reference Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[38] |
| finding | and deflections from stepping or leaning on the joystick were removed by a 3 s minimum, so not every deflection is a trial Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[39] |
| finding | AN EXCLUSION CRITERION THAT DOES NOT EXIST OUTSIDE ITS OWN TASK: ripples are normally removed by rejecting low-velocity time points, and with no velocity here they had to be detected directly in the field potential Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[40] |
| finding | with the negative disclosure attached - excluding those spikes changed no result, it only raised the in-field to background ratio Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[41] |
| finding | the reported information is a RATIO TO CHANCE, real rate over the mean of 100 shuffles Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[42] |
| finding | and the information rate alone was rejected as the criterion because background differences inflate it, with the test placed on the peak rate instead Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[43] |
| finding | putative interneurons are defined by a bare rate threshold and excluded Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[44] |
| finding | place cells are defined as cells whose spatial information exceeds 99% of their own shuffled values Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[45] |
| finding | THE DEFINITION OF A GRID CELL IS A THRESHOLD ON THIS DATASET'S OWN SHUFFLES - the 95th percentile, which here was 0.46 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[46] |
| finding | AND THE COUNT OF A CELL TYPE DEPENDS ON THE ARENA: fewer grid cells in the smaller environment, so every grid comparison was re-verified on the subset recorded in the larger environment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[47] |
| finding | fields with more than one significant alignment coefficient are labelled mixed rather than forced into one class Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[48] |
| finding | THETA FREQUENCY DID NOT TRACK SPEED HERE, unlike in navigation, which is read as that relationship depending on locomotion-related signals Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[49] |
| finding | and fields did not broaden across the trial as time cells do, attributed to a sensory variable being continuously available Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[50] |
| finding | a head-direction confound was tested directly, since those cells overlap the modulated population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[51] |
| finding | and two simultaneously recorded cells with similar head direction tuning had dissimilar sound-task firing, which is what rules it out Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[52] |
| finding | field tightening at the press and release is left with two rival explanations, denser sensory cues or greater salience Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[53] |
| finding | each interval is linearly warped to its median duration before any average is taken Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[54] |
| quantity | 2208 / 1164 — units recorded in dorsal CA1 (5 rats) and dorsal MEC (9 rats) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 40.0% and 51.3% — proportion of CA1 and MEC cells significantly modulated by the sound task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 70.8±2.6% — proportion of trials on which rats released the joystick inside the reward target zone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 1.7% compared to 31.1% — CA1 cells responding during passive playback versus during the active task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 25.1% of 295 — share of place cells that were also modulated by the sound task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 34.3% of 105 — share of grid cells that were also modulated by the sound task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | r 2 =0.0054 and r 2 =0.0053 — variance in sound-task modulation explained by placeness and by gridness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 2.49±0.29 s and 1.16±0.05 s — mean field width in the rewarded passive-playback task versus the active sound task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 26%, 23% and 51% — share of CA1 sound-period fields aligned to joystick press, to release, and to sound frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 0.78±0.02 s and 1.36±0.05 s — sound-task field widths for grid module 1 versus modules 2/3 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 0.46 — the grid score above which a cell is a grid cell - the 95th percentile of THIS dataset's own shuffles, not a constant Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | r 2 =0.0054 — a very weak correlation between the amount of SMT modulation and placeness, against 0.0053 for gridness, suggesting nearly independent activity patterns in the two tasks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 1.7% — cells responding to the identical sweeps outside the task, against 31.1% inside it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 20.2% — cells responding once a reward was added to the same passive sweeps Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 25.1% — of 295 place cells modulated in the sound task, against 34.3% of 105 grid cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 0.146±0.002 — coefficient of variation of trial duration against 0.046±0.005 for release frequency - the ratio that identifies the strategy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| variable | mutual information rate (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | firing field width (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | putative interneurons (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | brief trials (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | duration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | grid score Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| variable | spatial information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[12] |
| variable | speed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[13] |
| variable | environment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[14] |
| definition | sound manipulation task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | cognitive map Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | frequency fields Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | press Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | grid score Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | spatial information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | cognitive map Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | place cell Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | grid cell Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | interneuron Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | modulated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| definition | spatial information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[11] |
| key-terms | place cell, grid cell, border cell, head direction, time cell, interneuron, firing field, CA1, entorhinal, hippocampal, SMT, random foraging, passive playback, linear track, task, sound frequency, location, spatial, non-spatial, navigation, cognitive map, continuous, mechanism, population, modulated, information, spatial information, grid score, shuffled, percentile, environment, module, theta, speed, velocity, SWR, joystick, press, release, trial, duration, octave, reward, salience, agency, behavioral context, model |
| concept | grid cell — not defined in this paper's own words; the entorhinal counterpart, also modulated in a task with no space in it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | mechanism — not defined in this paper's own words; the common circuit operation claimed to underlie both Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[22] |
| concept | information — not defined in this paper's own words; mutual information rate between spikes and the task phase Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[25] |
| concept | environment — not defined in this paper's own words; the arena, whose size changes how many grid cells exist Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[30] |
| t-test p | as written: p<0.001, t-test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| coefficient of variation | as written: coefficient of variation of 0.146±0.002 and 0.046±0.005 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| chi-squared test χ 2 | as written: p<0.001, χ 2 test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| Wilcoxon rank-sum test | as written: p<0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| shuffle (permutation) test p | as written: p<0.01, shuffle test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| mutual information H | as written: mutual information rate between spikes and the phase of the task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| linear regression | as written: linear regression was fit to the relationship between theta phase and the warped time Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| bootstrap | as written: bootstrap analysis on the individual trials using 100 bootstrapped samples Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| correlation | as written: the Pearson correlation is measured between the PSTHs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| mean squared error | as written: mean squared error between the joystick release times simulated by the model and the actual release times Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| standard error of the mean s.e.m. | as written: mean±s.e.m. here and elsewhere Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| principal component analysis | as written: the first three principal components of the extracted waveforms Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| confidence interval | as written: 95% multinomial confidence intervals Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| evidence status note | confidence interval — This quote ends with the stray word 'The', the first word of the next sentence. It is not trimmed, because the quote without it occurs more than once in the paper's text and could not be tied to one place. The claim is carried by the sentence before 'The'. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| coefficient of determination r 2 | as written: r 2 =0.0054 and r 2 =0.0053 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[13] |
| shuffle test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[14] |
| mutual information rate | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[15] |
| Wilcoxon rank-sum test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[16] |
| coefficient of variation | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[17] |
| bootstrap | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[18] |
| linear regression | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[19] |
| claim type | existence — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: existence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | a sound manipulation task in which a joystick drives frequency along a logarithmic axis at a randomly varied speed, so that frequency is uncoupled from elapsed time, with the same cells recorded again during random foraging — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | discrete firing fields that tile a continuous behavioural variable, and the overlap of that population with the known spatial cell types — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: hippocampal-entorhinal coding of a non-spatial continuous dimension Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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