phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | rapid task-related plasticity of auditory cortical receptive fields— “We have previously described a form of rapid cortical plasticity in which the spectro-temporal receptive fields (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex (A1) adapt during the task in a manner that maximizes the discrimination of the target (foreground) relative to reference (background) signals ( Fritz et al., 2003 ).” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “The net effect of these adaptations was to accentuate the representation of the target tone relative to the noise, by enhancing responses of near -target cells to the tone during high-SNR tasks, while suppressing responses of far -from-target cells to the masking noise in low-SNR tasks.” | |
| method — evidence | — “This study explored the neural correlates of this perceptual ability by measuring rapid changes of spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex during detection of a target tone embedded in noise.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “This study explored the neural correlates of this perceptual ability by measuring rapid changes of spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex during detection of a target tone embedded in noise.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “However, an important and currently unresolved question is whether the magnitude of these changes is influenced by task difficulty, or more specifically, by the perceptual difference between the target and reference signals that the animal must discriminate. Furthermore, it is unknown how exactly the underlying receptive fields change under… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Compared to responses in the passive state, STRF gain decreased during task performance in most cells. By contrast, STRF shape changes were excitatory and specific, being strongest in cells with best frequencies near the target tone.” | |
| transfer | from visual attention research: the finding that harder tasks recruit more attention, and the probe-trial design used to demonstrate it— “To test the hypothesis that more attentional resources were devoted during difficult (low SNR) tasks than during easy (high SNR) tasks, we modified the task structure by randomly inserting probe trials (25%) of intermediate difficulty during a block of difficult or easy trials (75%). We reasoned that if detection levels of the rarer probes… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from signal processing: the matched filter, imported as the model for how a receptive field should adapt to separate foreground from background— “In all these experiments, the pattern of STRF changes that emerged followed a simple model in which the acoustic features of the foreground were enhanced and those of the background suppressed, a hypothesis which we called a “contrast matched filter” | transfers[1] |
| mechanism | Lowering target SNR raises the attentional effort the animal must invest, and that increased effort drives larger adaptive changes in the receptive field— “As target SNR decreased, distinguishing the target from the reference noise became more difficult, requiring more attention or effort, which, we predicted, could cause larger adaptive changes in the STRF.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Pulling a tone out of a masker requires simultaneously suppressing the responses driven by the concurrent noise and enhancing sensitivity to the tone— “Hence the process of extracting the tone component of the target necessitated suppression of responses to this concurrent masking noise while simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity to the target tone.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Which direction a cell changes is set by what drives it: near cells are enhanced by proximity to the target tone, far cells are suppressed because the behaviourally relevant broadband masker drives them— “In the current experiments, the excitatory enhancements induced in the near-cells stem from their proximity to the target tone, whereas the strong suppression in the far cells was due to the behaviorally relevant broadband masking noise that surrounded the target and drove the responses in those cells.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | a contrast matched filter: the acoustic features of the foreground are enhanced and those of the background suppressed— “In all these experiments, the pattern of STRF changes that emerged followed a simple model in which the acoustic features of the foreground were enhanced and those of the background suppressed, a hypothesis which we called a “contrast matched filter” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | the net effect keeps the target salient by two different routes - enhancing near cells when the tone is loud, suppressing far cells when it is buried— “To summarize, in high SNR tasks, the target induces positive changes in nearby STRFs, thereby enhancing the representation of the target tone, similar to earlier findings with pure-tone targets ( Fritz et al., 2003 ). Decreasing the target tone (low SNR) causes overall gain suppression, especially in far cells, thereby maintaining the… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the active STRF is modelled explicitly as a scaled passive STRF plus an orthogonal shape change, S_d = g.S_b + delta— “We defined the active (during) STRF ( S d ) as the sum of a scaled passive (before-task) STRF ( S b ) and a… | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | STRFs are measured from the reference TORCs alone, never during target presentation, so the measurement does not include the target Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | attentional load is validated behaviourally by inserting identical intermediate-difficulty probes into easy and hard blocks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[7] |
| extends | Fritz et al. (2003; 2005; 2007a,b), the group's earlier demonstrations of rapid task-related STRF plasticity with pure-tone targets Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | the "contrast matched filter" hypothesis of Fritz et al. (2007a) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | visual studies of task difficulty and attention (Boudreau et al., 2006; Spitzer et al., 1988; Spitzer and Richmond, 1991), which did not separate gain from shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| replicates | earlier task-related plasticity results from the same group in tone-versus-TORC and tone-versus-tone paradigms (Fritz et al., 2003; 2005; 2007b) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| extends | Fritz et al. on rapid STRF plasticity with pure-tone targets Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| qualifies | the contrast matched filter model, by showing the sign of the change depends on difficulty and on distance from target Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| extends | visual studies showing task difficulty enhances attentional modulation, which did not separate gain from shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| qualifies | their own gain-versus-difficulty result, which did not survive pooling across performance levels Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[7] |
| sense | plasticity here is rapid and reversible - measured as the difference between active and passive STRFs within a session, not as learning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | task difficulty is operationalised as target SNR, and validated separately by lick withdrawal time and by probe-trial performance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | gain and shape are given distinct definitions by an explicit model: gain is the fraction of the STRF that keeps its original shape, shape change is the orthogonal remainder Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | near and far are defined by a 0.6-octave cut from the target frequency, which the paper calls arbitrary and tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| control | the target tone frequency and signal-to-noise ratio held constant throughout a given task — held — rules out a within-task change in the stimulus itself explaining the receptive-field change attributed to task difficulty Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | visual studies of task difficulty and attention (Boudreau et al., 2006; Spitzer et al., 1988; Spitzer and Richmond, 1991), which did not separate gain from shape — THE AXIS IS GAIN AGAINST SHAPE. 'These measurements, however, did not distinguish receptive field gain from shape changes, and how increased task difficulty affected them differentially.' Two ways a receptive field can change that a single measure cannot separate - so the earlier result is a sum of two effects that this paper's [7] then shows move differently with difficulty. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| differs in | the contrast matched filter model, by showing the sign of the change depends on difficulty and on distance from target — THE AXIS IS DISTANCE FROM THE TARGET FREQUENCY, AND THE SIGN FLIPS ACROSS IT. 'when we grouped the plasticity changes by near and far cells, it became apparent that near cells on average were enhanced (red) whereas far cells were suppressed (blue).' The matched-filter model is qualified rather than refuted: it holds, with a sign that depends on where the cell sits. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| differs in | visual studies showing task difficulty enhances attentional modulation, which did not separate gain from shape — THE AXIS IS GAIN AGAINST SHAPE, on a second target. Same sentence as [2]: 'THESE MEASUREMENTS DID NOT DISTINGUISH RECEPTIVE FIELD GAIN FROM SHAPE CHANGES.' One limitation of one earlier method, disqualifying it for two different claims this paper makes - which is why the sentence supports two rows rather than one. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| differs in | their own gain-versus-difficulty result, which did not survive pooling across performance levels — THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE CELLS ARE POOLED ACROSS PERFORMANCE LEVELS. 'This weak dependence of the gain on task difficulty, however, was not confirmed when we pooled the results from all cells in this study, i.e., including all performance levels.' The paper's own effect survives one analysis choice and not another, and it says which - an analyst decision reported as a result rather than buried in methods. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[7] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · task difficulty —operationalised-as→ signal-to-noise ratio — RE-GROUNDED. The old span named neither endpoint; this clause states the operationalisation outright - difficulty IS the signal-to-noise ratio in this design. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | gain —contrasted-with→ shape — the paper's central result: they move in OPPOSITE directions in the same cells - gain decreased while shape changes were excitatory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | task difficulty —causes→ attention — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span states a hypothesis about attentional resources; causes states it as a finding. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | task difficulty —causes→ attention — and it is tested rather than assumed, via probe trials of identical difficulty in easy and hard blocks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| weight | task difficulty —causes→ attention — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | attention —operationalised-as→ probe trials — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but probe trials were inserted to test attention; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | attention —operationalised-as→ probe trials — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| note | task difficulty —operationalised-as→ signal-to-noise ratio — RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the relation was always stated, the endpoint names were not in the span. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| note | STRF —operationalised-as→ TORCs — RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| weight | STRF —operationalised-as→ TORCs — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | STRF frequency resolution is too coarse to exclude that some A1 neurons build narrow matched filters at the exact target frequency. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | It is unknown how far the gain-reduction/shape-enhancement pattern is specific to the tone-in-noise task, its avoidance paradigm, or the fixed noise level. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | Most cells could not be held across multiple task conditions, so difficulty comparisons are largely between rather than within cells. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Disentangling stimulus structure from behavioural paradigm requires further experiments; the interpretations offered are conjectures. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The 0.6-octave boundary dividing near from far cells was an arbitrary choice. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the near/far dividing line is arbitrary, stated as such, and shown not to change the results Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | the standard STRF power normalisation used in the group's previous papers does not separate gain from shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the dependence of gain on task difficulty was NOT confirmed when all performance levels were pooled Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | changes often persisted after the task with no systematic relation to the type of plasticity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| limitation | most cells were recorded in only one task condition, so within-cell comparison across difficulties is limited Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Engaging in the detection task reduced overall STRF gain in the majority of recorded cells relative to the passive state. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Shape changes, unlike gain changes, were excitatory and frequency-specific, concentrated in cells tuned near the target tone. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The combined gain and shape adaptations sharpened the target-versus-noise representation differently at high and low SNR. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | The magnitude of receptive-field adaptation tracked behavioural performance, being greatest in the best-performing sessions. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Suppression of receptive fields grew as the task became harder and reached significance only in the low-SNR condition. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Behaviourally, lick withdrawal time lengthened as target SNR fell, in all three ferrets. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Identical intermediate probe trials were discriminated better within hard blocks than within easy blocks. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Naive animals exposed to the identical stimuli showed some minor but no consistent receptive-field changes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | The gain reduction was a broad, difficulty-independent effect present in near and far cells alike, in contrast to the difficulty-dependent shape changes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | Going from high to low SNR targets suppressed firing to the reference noise by roughly a third. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | gain decreased in most cells during task performance while shape changes were excitatory and specific Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | grouped by distance from the target, near cells were on average enhanced and far cells suppressed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | suppression became significant only in the low SNR tasks, at about -13% Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | the same tone placed far from a cell's BF produced suppression where near placement produced enhancement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the trend of increasing suppression at low SNR repeated in this subset, with the STRF changes amplified Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | naive animals given identical stimuli showed no consistent STRF changes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | raising difficulty suppressed firing to the reference noise by about a third overall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | probe trials of identical difficulty were detected about 10% better inside hard blocks than inside easy ones Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | gain was at or below 1 in most cells, with medians near 0.9 for near-high-SNR and 0.7 for far-low-SNR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| quantity | 237 — single cells in the population analysis of receptive-field plasticity, from two behaving ferrets Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 93, 57, and 87 — single units in the high, mid and low SNR difficulty groups respectively Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | mean = −13.1 % — average amplitude change at best frequency in the low-SNR (hardest) condition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 10–30% — reduction in STRF gain caused by task engagement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 0.9 and 0.7 — median gain values for near cells in high-SNR tasks and far cells in low-SNR tasks (values below 1 mean suppression) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 350 ms — lick withdrawal time after target onset in the easiest (pure tone) detection task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 0.6 octaves — best-frequency distance criterion separating near cells from far cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 85 — cells from the top-third best-performing sessions analysed separately Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 93 units from 3 naïve animals — control sample recorded with identical stimuli but no behavioural task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 0.6 octaves — the near/far dividing line, called arbitrary and shown not to matter Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 112 near versus 125 far cells — the balance the cut produced Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 93, 57 and 87 single units in high, mid and low SNR — the difficulty groups Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | -13.1%, p < 0.05 — mean suppression, significant only at low SNR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 58.6% versus 69.2% — probe detection in easy versus hard blocks at identical SNR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 93 units from 3 naive animals — the no-behaviour control Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 350 ms — lick withdrawal time for a pure-tone target Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| variable | performance level (moderator) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | STRF gain (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | lick withdrawal time (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | naïve animals (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | target SNR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | discrimination rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| definition | contrast matched filter Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | lick withdrawal time (LWT) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | TORC Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | contrast matched filter Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | lick withdrawal time Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| key-terms | spectrotemporal receptive field, STRF, task difficulty, signal-to-noise ratio, gain, shape, contrast matched filter, best frequency, TORC, attention, primary auditory cortex, ferret, plasticity, probe trials, masker, lick withdrawal time, conditioned avoidance, passive, suppression, enhancement |
| concept | shape — not defined in this paper's own words; the orthogonal remainder not captured by scaling Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| ANOVA p | as written: Using ANOVA Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| p-value p | as written: (p<0.01) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| median | as written: median of approximately 0.9 and 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| mean | as written: mean = −13.1 % Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| ANOVA across SNR conditions | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| STRF power normalisation | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| an alternative noise-aware shape-change method | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| method | STRFs measured from responses to modulated broadband TORC references during and before a conditioned-avoidance tone-in-noise detection task, at target SNRs from +15 to -10 dB — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | attention-driven receptive field plasticity in primary auditory cortex — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: rapid task-related plasticity of auditory cortical receptive fields Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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