phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | sound-evoked activity in visual cortex— “Sounds evoke activity in visual cortex.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “Thus, neural activity that is apparently multisensory may simply arise from low-dimensional signals associated with internal state and behavior.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Here we show that the activity evoked by sounds in V1, measured with Neuropixels probes, is stereotyped across neurons and even across mice.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Here we consider a possible alternative explanation for these multisensory signals, based on low-dimensional changes in internal state and behavior 8 , 9 . Behavioral and state signals have profound effects on sensory areas. For instance, the activity of V1 neurons carries strong signals related to running 10 , 11 , pupil dilation 11 , 12… | |
| research question — evidence | — “This hypothesis predicts that sound-evoked activity in V1 should have the typical attributes of behavioral signals: low dimension 13 and a broad footprint 14 , 21 , 22 that extends beyond the cortex 13 . Moreover, sound-evoked activity should be independent of direct inputs from auditory cortex and should be predictable from the behavioral… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Sensory cortices can be affected by stimuli of multiple modalities and are thus increasingly thought to be multisensory. For instance, primary visual cortex (V1) is influenced not only by images but also by sounds. Here we show that the activity evoked by sounds in V1, measured with Neuropixels probes, is stereotyped across neurons and even… | |
| transfer | from movement and state neurophysiology: the low dimension and brain-wide footprint of behavioral signals, used here as a diagnostic signature— “This hypothesis predicts that sound-evoked activity in V1 should have the typical attributes of behavioral signals: low dimension 13 and a broad footprint 14 , 21 , 22 that extends beyond the cortex 13 . Moreover, sound-evoked activity should be independent of direct inputs from auditory cortex and should be predictable from the behavioral… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from factorial analysis of variance: the marginalisation that separates video-related from sound-related components— “We then identified the visual and auditory components of each neuron’s sensory response. A typical V1 neuron responded differently to different combinations of videos and sounds (Fig. 1a ). To characterize these responses, we used a marginalization procedure similar to factorial ANOVA. To measure the neuron’s video-related responses (Fig. 1b… | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from high-dimensional visual coding: cross-validated principal component analysis, and the contrast with a high-dimensional image code— “The arrays of sound-related activity A , of video-related activity V and of audiovisual interactions I describe the activity of many neurons. To summarize this activity, we used cvPCA 15 . In this approach, principal component projections are found from one-half of the data, and an unbiased estimate of the reliable signal variance is found by… | transfers[2] |
| transfer | from connectomics: a published fiber atlas, used to estimate what fraction of the projection the cut actually removed— “To estimate the extent of the fibers that were cut by the transectomy, we took advantage of the large-scale connectivity database of experiments performed by the Allen Brain Institute (Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas 26 , https://connectivity.brain-map.org/ ). Using custom Python scripts, we selected and downloaded the 53 experiments… | transfers[3] |
| mechanism | Sounds change the animal's internal state, which simultaneously drives uninstructed body movements and a widespread low-dimensional modulation of cortical (and hippocampal) activity; the apparent multisensory response is that state signal, not an auditory input.— “Our results do not imply that cortical activity is directly due to body movements; instead, cortical activity and body movements may both arise from changes in the internal state.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Sound-evoked V1 activity is generated by sound-triggered changes in internal and behavioral state rather than by auditory-cortical projections.— “This suggests that the activity evoked by sounds in visual cortex is driven by changes in internal and behavioral state.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | sounds elicit small uninstructed movements, mainly whisker twitches, which are stereotyped across trials and mice and different for each sound— “Sounds evoked uninstructed body movements that were small but stereotyped across trials and mice and different across sounds. To measure body movements, we used a wide-angle camera that imaged the head, front paws and back (Fig. 4a ). Sounds evoked a variety of uninstructed movements, ranging from rapid startle-like responses <50 ms after… | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | and the movement precedes the neural activity by a few tens of milliseconds, even with no stimulus present— “Moreover, the neural activity along auditory PC1 correlated with movements even during spontaneous behavior, when no stimulus was presented ( r = 0.29 ± 0.03, s.e.; Fig. 4g,h ). Movement preceded neural activity by a few tens of milliseconds” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | the subspace of activity predictable from movement during spontaneous behavior overlaps the sound-related subspace far more than the video-related one— “To define the behavioral subspace, we applied reduced-rank regression to predict neural activity from movements during the spontaneous period (in the absence of stimuli). This behavioral subspace largely overlapped with the auditory subspace: the first four components of the movement-related subspace explained 75 ± 3% (s.e.; P < 0.05 for… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | and the paper stops short of a direct cause - cortical activity and body movements may both arise from changes in the internal state instead— “Our results do not imply that cortical activity is directly due to body movements; instead, cortical activity and body movements may both arise from changes in the internal state. Consistent with this view, we found that sound-evoked activity in V1 is low-dimensional, and thus different from the high-dimensional representation of visual… | mechanisms[5] |
| contradicts | studies ascribing sound-evoked V1 activity to direct input from auditory cortex— “This result contrasts those of studies that ascribed the activity evoked by sounds in V1 to a direct input from auditory cortex.” | claim_relations[0] |
| contradicts | the original study that introduced the auditory-to-visual transectomy— “This result contrasts with the original study that introduced the transectomy 2 , and the difference in results may be due to differences in methods.” | claim_relations[1] |
| replicates | the study of whisking contributions to sound-evoked activity in layer 1 V1 neurons— “In agreement with our results, this study found that whisking explains a fraction of those neurons’ sound-evoked activity.” | claim_relations[2] |
| reinterprets | sound-evoked activity in visual cortex, as a signal of movement and internal state rather than an auditory input— “These results confirm that sounds evoke activity in visual cortex 2 – 7 but provide an alternative interpretation for this activity based on the widespread neural correlates of internal state and body movement 10 , 12 – 14 , 27 . We found that different sounds evoke different uninstructed body movements such as whisking, which reflect rapid… | claim_relations[3] |
| contradicts | the study that introduced the transectomy and found the activity abolished, with three method differences named— “This result contrasts with the original study that introduced the transectomy 2 , and the difference in results may be due to differences in methods. First, the previous study was conducted intracellularly and mostly in layers 2/3 (where sounds hyperpolarized cells, unlike in other layers where sounds increased spiking), whereas we recorded… | claim_relations[4] |
| qualifies | an earlier report that whisking explains only a fraction of sound-evoked activity, by pointing at its hard threshold— “An exception is a study 20 that explored the contribution of whisking to sound-evoked activity V1 neurons in layer 1. In agreement with our results, this study found that whisking explains a fraction of those neurons’ sound-evoked activity. However, it did not explain all the neural activity. This discrepancy could be due to differences in… | claim_relations[5] |
| confirms | the reported low dimension and brain-wide footprint of movement-related activity— “To define the behavioral subspace, we applied reduced-rank regression to predict neural activity from movements during the spontaneous period (in the absence of stimuli). This behavioral subspace largely overlapped with the auditory subspace: the first four components of the movement-related subspace explained 75 ± 3% (s.e.; P < 0.05 for… | claim_relations[6] |
| generalises | the behavioural explanation to other multisensory findings, since images and odors also elicit stereotyped movements— “Finally, these observations suggest that changes in states or behavior may also explain other aspects of neural activity that have been previously interpreted as being multisensory 9 . Stereotyped body movements can be elicited not only by sounds 16 – 19 but also by images 32 – 36 and odors 33 , 37… | claim_relations[7] |
| critiques | the controls used in passively listening mice, as rarely systematic enough to separate auditory from behavioral signals | claim_relations[8] |
| sense | AN APPARENTLY MULTISENSORY SIGNAL EXPLAINED AWAY BY behavior: neural activity that is apparently multisensory MAY SIMPLY ARISE from low-dimensional signals associated with internal state and behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | and the account being replaced is stated first, with its evidence - suppression by inhibiting auditory cortex, mimicry by stimulating auditory fibers Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | THE HYPOTHESIS IS TURNED INTO FOUR ADVANCE PREDICTIONS: low dimension, a broad footprint beyond the cortex, independence from auditory input, and predictability from behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | THREE MODELS, AND THE RANKING IS THE FINDING: one from sound identity alone, one from movement alone, one from both - and the behavioral model performs JUST AS WELL as the full model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | with the auditory model's built-in advantage disclosed - it is equivalent to a test-retest prediction and would fit perfectly with infinite trials, so it performs well REGARDLESS of the origin of the activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | THE MANIPULATION WAS CHOSEN FOR WHAT IT DOES NOT DISTURB: silencing or stimulating auditory cortex would interfere with auditory processing and could affect the sound-evoked behavior, so the fibres were cut instead Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | and the control is INSIDE the animal - bilateral recording, the uncut side, the same mouse and the same behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | THREE METHOD DIFFERENCES ENUMERATED WHERE THE RESULT CONTRADICTS THE STUDY THAT INTRODUCED THE SAME CUT: intracellular in layers 2/3 against extracellular in layers 4-6, hours against days after surgery, and anesthetized against awake Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | AND A THRESHOLD AGAINST A FRACTION: the earlier whisking study used a hard threshold to call a response auditory or movement-related, where this one estimated the fraction explained Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | THE DIMENSIONALITY OF THE RESPONSE IS USED TO CLASSIFY WHAT KIND OF SIGNAL IT IS: four significant components for sounds against seventy-nine for videos, and zero for their interaction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | with a between-animal correlation reported against its own within-animal ceiling - 0.34 across mice against a test-retest of 0.44 within them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | A SELECTION STEP CHECKED AGAINST THE RESULT IT COULD HAVE PRODUCED: the reliability of auditory responses did not correlate with the spike-contamination score, and if anything went the other way Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| sense | A WHOLE LITERATURE'S CONTROLS DECLARED INADEQUATE: distinguishing auditory signals from state and behavior requires careful and systematic controls, WHICH ARE RARELY PERFORMED in passively listening mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[12] |
| sense | and the correlation is not claimed as causation - cortical activity and body movements may BOTH arise from changes in the internal state Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[13] |
| sense | with the same suspicion extended outward - stereotyped movements are elicited by images and odors too, so other multisensory findings may have the same origin Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[14] |
| control | a ridge regression of the auditory PC1 on the motion PCs, run alongside the cross-correlogram — held — rules out the AUTOCORRELATION of the two signals as the source of an apparently large cross-correlation - two slow signals correlate at long lags whether or not they are related Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | the study that introduced the transectomy and found the activity abolished, with three method differences named — the recording mode and the layer: THE PREVIOUS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED INTRACELLULARLY AND MOSTLY IN LAYERS 2/3 (WHERE SOUNDS HYPERPOLARIZED CELLS, UNLIKE IN OTHER LAYERS WHERE SOUNDS INCREASED SPIKING), WHEREAS WE RECORDED EXTRACELLULARLY MAINLY IN LAYERS 4-6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| differs in | an earlier report that whisking explains only a fraction of sound-evoked activity, by pointing at its hard threshold — the recording technique: THIS DISCREPANCY COULD BE DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN RECORDING METHODS (TWO-PHOTON IMAGING VERSUS ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY), on a point where the two studies otherwise agree Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| differs in | the controls used in passively listening mice, as rarely systematic enough to separate auditory from behavioral signals — which movements were controlled for: SOME STUDIES HAVE CONTROLLED FOR EYE MOVEMENTS OR FOR OVERT BEHAVIORS SUCH AS LICKING. HOWEVER, EVEN THESE STUDIES MAY HAVE OVERLOOKED THE TYPES OF MOVEMENT THAT WE OBSERVED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[8] |
| audit | multisensory —distinct-from→ internal state — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span offers internal state as an alternative explanation of multisensory signals; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | multisensory —distinct-from→ internal state — AN APPARENTLY MULTISENSORY SIGNAL EXPLAINED AWAY: it MAY SIMPLY ARISE from low-dimensional signals associated with internal state and behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | sound —causes→ V1 — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says V1 is influenced by sounds; causes 'V1' names a region, not an effect. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| edge | low-dimensional —contrasted-with→ high-dimensional Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | behavior —causes→ multisensory — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span offers behaviour as an alternative explanation; causes is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| note | behavior —causes→ multisensory — the alternative offered explicitly as an alternative EXPLANATION, before any of its own data Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| audit | video —contrasted-with→ sound — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span decomposes responses into visual and auditory components; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| note | video —contrasted-with→ sound — separated by a marginalisation borrowed from factorial analysis of variance, each averaged over the other and referred to the grand mean Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| audit | cvPCA —operationalised-as→ PC1 — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PC1 is the first component FOUND BY cvPCA; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[14] |
| audit | intracellular —contrasted-with→ extracellular — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span notes the earlier study was intracellular; the contrast is implied. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[27] |
| audit | whisker —is-a→ movement — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span images whisker and body movements; is-a is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[28] |
| note | whisker —is-a→ movement — subtle whisker twitches, quantified as the first component of facial motion energy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[28] |
| differs in | auditory model —contrasted-with→ behavioral model — THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE MODEL CAN DISCRIMINATE THE ORIGIN OF THE ACTIVITY. 'THE FIRST WAS A purely auditory model where the time course of neural activity depends only on sound identity. This model is EQUIVALENT TO A TEST-RETEST PREDICTION, so it will perform well regardless of the origin of sound-evoked activity.' A model that cannot fail is not evidence, and the authors say so about their own first model before using the others. Same shape as a row of Desimone1996 in this same batch. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[34] |
| note | auditory model —contrasted-with→ behavioral model — AND THE AUDITORY MODEL'S BUILT-IN ADVANTAGE IS DISCLOSED: it is equivalent to a test-retest prediction and would fit perfectly with infinite trials, so it performs well REGARDLESS of the origin of the activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[34] |
| audit | pupil —part-of→ behavioral model — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but pupil is one input to the behavioural model; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[36] |
| audit | sound —distinct-from→ behavior — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says the sounds were unnecessary and the movements sufficient to predict V1 activity; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[38] |
| differs in | sound —distinct-from→ behavior — THE AXIS IS NECESSITY VERSUS SUFFICIENCY FOR PREDICTING THE ACTIVITY. 'This analysis revealed that the sounds themselves were unnecessary to predict sound-evoked activity in visual cortex, whereas the body movements elicited by sounds were sufficient.' The two are separated not by what they are but by their standing in one prediction, and the paper's title claim rests entirely on that asymmetry. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[38] |
| audit | movement —distinct-from→ internal state — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says movement and cortical activity may both arise from internal state; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[46] |
| note | movement —distinct-from→ internal state — THE CORRELATION IS NOT CLAIMED AS CAUSATION: cortical activity and body movements may BOTH arise from changes in internal state, which also covers the anesthetized case where movement is impossible Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[46] |
| weight | movement —distinct-from→ internal state — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[46] |
| note | V1 —same-as→ visual cortex — used interchangeably throughout, with the recording sites pooled under the second name Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[55] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the negative conclusion about auditory input: OUR FINDINGS DO NOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF GENUINE AUDITORY SIGNALS INHERITED BY VISUAL CORTEX FROM AUDITORY CORTEX Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison with the earlier conflicting layer 2/3 results: OUR V1 RECORDINGS WERE BIASED TOWARD LAYERS 4-6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the same negative conclusion, from the sampling side: IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE THAT AUDITORY PROJECTIONS AFFECT ONLY A MINOR FRACTION OF V1 NEURONS, OR THAT THEY AFFECT NEURONS THAT DO NOT FIRE AT HIGH RATES, AND THAT WE MISSED THESE NEURONS IN OUR RECORDINGS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the claim that facial movement predicts the activity well: IT IS POSSIBLE THAT MOVEMENTS OF OTHER BODY PARTS, OR MORE COMPLEX ANALYSES, WOULD PROVIDE EVEN BETTER PREDICTIONS OF THE NEURAL ACTIVITY ELICITED BY SOUNDS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the behavioural-origin conclusion, bounded by the paper itself: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, AT LEAST IN OUR EXPERIMENTS, THE SOUND-EVOKED ACTIVITY HAD A BEHAVIORAL ORIGIN Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0], with the anatomy: PROJECTIONS FROM AUDITORY TO VISUAL CORTEX EXIST AND MAY CARRY AUDITORY SIGNALS FOR OTHER stimuli or contexts Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the prediction result: ALL THE MOVEMENTS WE MEASURED ARE IN THE FACE, AND OUR ANALYSES ARE LINEAR Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the disagreement with the transectomy study: THE PREVIOUS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED INTRACELLULARLY AND MOSTLY IN LAYERS 2/3, against extracellular recording in layers 4-6 here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the comparison with the whisking study, which agrees in part: IN AGREEMENT WITH OUR RESULTS, THIS STUDY FOUND THAT WHISKING EXPLAINS A FRACTION OF THOSE NEURONS' SOUND-EVOKED ACTIVITY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | contested | |
| no type for this | movement → neural activity — CORRELATION WITH A STATED LEAD-LAG, and no type for it. Auditory PC1 activity correlated with movement during spontaneous behaviour (r = 0.29 +/- 0.03 s.e.), and movement PRECEDED neural activity by a few tens of milliseconds. Recording this as 'causes' in either direction overstates it; recording it as nothing loses a measured result with its direction. Replaces the retracted concept_edges[32], which pointed the other way. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| no type for this | internal state → behavior — CO-ORDINATE, NOT CAUSAL. The paper names them as a pair every time - 'low-dimensional changes in internal state and behavior', 'behavioral and state signals have profound effects on sensory areas', 'these behavioral and state signals are low-dimensional and largely orthogonal'. Both are offered as joint explanations of the multisensory signals, and movement is an instance of the behavioural half. No edge type can record that two things occupy the same role. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[1] |
| no type for this | body movements → multisensory — THE PAPER'S ACTUAL CLAIM, WHICH THE RETRACTED EDGE INVERTED: stereotyped body movements are elicited by sounds, images and odours, and those movements EXPLAIN neural activity previously interpreted as multisensory. In their own experiments video-evoked responses in hippocampal formation 'could be largely explained by video-evoked body movements'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[2] |
| no type for this | sound-evoked activity → hippocampal formation — THE ACTIVITY RESEMBLES, NOT THE REGIONS: sound-evoked activity in V1 is stereotyped across neurons and mice, independent of auditory-cortex projections, and RESEMBLES activity evoked in the hippocampal formation - which receives little direct auditory input. The paper's account is that both reflect small stereotyped body movements, so the resemblance is evidence of a COMMON CAUSE and not of any identity between V1 and the hippocampal formation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[3] |
| limitation | The results do not rule out genuine auditory signals reaching visual cortex from auditory cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Recordings sampled mainly deep layers, not layer 2/3 where earlier conflicting results were obtained. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | Auditory projections might affect only a small or low-firing subset of V1 neurons that these recordings missed. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Only facial movements were measured and only with linear analyses; other body parts or richer models could predict the neural activity better. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The behavioral-origin conclusion is scoped to these experiments. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | genuine auditory signals are not excluded - the projections exist and may carry them for other stimuli or contexts, or affect neurons the recordings missed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | only facial movements were measured and the analyses are linear, so other body parts or better analyses could predict even more Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the disagreement with the study that introduced the same cut cannot be settled here, and three method differences are offered instead Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | and the disagreement with the whisking study is likewise attributed to recording method, layer, and an analysis that used a hard threshold where this one estimated a fraction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | The population activity that sounds evoke in mouse V1 is so stereotyped across neurons that it is essentially one-dimensional. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Sound-evoked activity in the hippocampal formation is remarkably similar to that in visual cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The sound-evoked activity in visual cortex in these experiments cannot be explained by direct inputs from auditory cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | A model using only sound-elicited body movements predicted sound-evoked V1 activity as well as a model that also had access to sound identity. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The sound-elicited movements lead the neural activity in time, consistent with movement (or the state driving it) preceding the cortical signal. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Sounds evoked small but highly reproducible uninstructed body movements that differed between sounds. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | The population response showed no significant components for interactions between videos and sounds. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | AN APPARENTLY MULTISENSORY SIGNAL EXPLAINED AWAY BY behavior: it MAY SIMPLY ARISE from low-dimensional signals of internal state and behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | with the account being replaced stated first, including its evidence from silencing and from stimulating auditory fibers Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | the alternative is offered explicitly as an alternative explanation, before any of the paper's own data Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | THE HYPOTHESIS IS TURNED INTO FOUR ADVANCE PREDICTIONS: low dimension, a footprint beyond cortex, independence from auditory input, predictability from behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | and all four are then reported as met, in the order they were stated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | video and sound components are separated by a marginalisation borrowed from factorial analysis of variance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | sound identity is decodable from single trials at 18% against a chance of one in twelve, and video identity at 95% Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the sound-evoked activity is essentially ONE-DIMENSIONAL, one component carrying 55% of the sound-related variance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | A BETWEEN-ANIMAL CORRELATION REPORTED AGAINST ITS OWN WITHIN-ANIMAL CEILING: 0.34 across mice against a test-retest of 0.44 within them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | while the video-evoked activity is larger and much higher dimensional Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | the same probe reached the hippocampal formation, which receives little input from auditory cortex or thalamus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | and the sound-evoked activity there is hardly distinguishable from the one in visual cortex, r = 0.82 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | with the prediction stated before the result - IF the activity comes from auditory cortex it SHOULD BE DRASTICALLY REDUCED on the cut side Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | THE CENTRAL NULL: identical to the opposite hemisphere at r = 0.9 and to intact controls, with cross-correlation peaking at zero delay Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | THE MANIPULATION WAS CHOSEN FOR WHAT IT DOES NOT DISTURB: silencing or stimulating would interfere with auditory processing and could change the behavior Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | THREE METHOD DIFFERENCES against the study that introduced the transectomy: the previous study was conducted intracellularly and mostly in layers 2/3 where sounds hyperpolarized cells, performed recordings hours after the transectomy, and anesthetized the mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | sounds evoke small uninstructed movements, mainly whisker twitches, stereotyped across trials and mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | and sound identity decodes from the face at 16%, not significantly different from the 18% from the neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | the two time courses correlate at r = 0.75, and the mice that moved more consistently carried more sound information in V1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | the coupling survives with no stimulus at all, and the MOVEMENT PRECEDES the activity by a few tens of milliseconds Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| finding | the movement subspace, defined during the no-stimulus period, explains 75% of the sound-related variance and only 35% of the video-related Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[27] |
| finding | AND THE AUDITORY MODEL'S BUILT-IN ADVANTAGE IS DISCLOSED: it is a test-retest prediction and would fit perfectly with infinite trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[28] |
| finding | THREE MODELS AND THE RANKING IS THE FINDING: the behavioral model performs just as well as the full model, so the sounds themselves were unnecessary Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[29] |
| finding | THE CONTROL THAT MAKES THE CLAIM SPECIFIC: a purely visual model explains the video-evoked activity where the behavioral one does not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[30] |
| finding | and the trial-to-trial variation is captured too, which the auditory model cannot do BY DEFINITION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[31] |
| finding | the conclusion is stated with its scope - AT LEAST IN OUR EXPERIMENTS, the activity had a behavioral origin Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[32] |
| finding | AND THE NULL IS BOUNDED THREE WAYS: other stimuli, other contexts, or low-firing neurons the recordings missed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[33] |
| finding | A WHOLE LITERATURE'S CONTROLS DECLARED INADEQUATE: the necessary controls ARE RARELY PERFORMED in passively listening mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[34] |
| finding | A THRESHOLD AGAINST A FRACTION: the earlier whisking study used a hard threshold where this one estimated the fraction explained Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[35] |
| finding | THE CORRELATION IS NOT CLAIMED AS CAUSATION: activity and movement may BOTH arise from changes in internal state Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[36] |
| finding | and the suspicion is extended outward - images and odors elicit stereotyped movements too Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[37] |
| finding | with the limitation running in the direction that would STRENGTHEN the claim - only facial movements, only linear analyses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[38] |
| finding | A SELECTION STEP CHECKED AGAINST THE RESULT IT COULD HAVE PRODUCED: the contamination score did not correlate with response reliability, and if anything went the other way Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[39] |
| finding | THE DIMENSIONALITY CLASSIFIES THE SIGNAL: 79 significant components for videos, 4 for sounds, ZERO for their interaction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[40] |
| finding | with components found on one half of the data and their reliability measured on the other Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[41] |
| finding | the extent of the cut was estimated by overlaying tractography from the Allen connectivity atlas on the reconstructed cut Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[42] |
| finding | and the mice were habituated to the rig but NOT to the specific stimuli before the experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[43] |
| finding | with the recording areas pooled under one name after checking that the exact location did not affect the results Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[44] |
| quantity | 55% — share of the cross-validated sound-related variance in V1 explained by the first principal component of sound-related activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 18 ± 2% — single-trial accuracy of decoding which sound was played from marginalized V1 population activity (chance = 1/12) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 16 ± 2% — accuracy of decoding sound identity from facial motion components alone, statistically indistinguishable from decoding it from V1 activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | r = 0.82 — correlation between the auditory PC1 time courses measured in visual cortex and in the hippocampal formation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 75 ± 3% — fraction of sound-related variance explained by the first four components of the movement-related subspace defined during stimulus-free periods Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 79 — average number of significant cvPCA components for video-related activity, versus four for sound-related activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | four — average number of significant cvPCA dimensions carrying sound-related variance in V1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | >3.6 — estimated factor by which the transectomy reduced auditory-cortical input to the visual areas on the cut side relative to the intact side Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 640 — number of single cells recorded in primary visual cortex across eight mice (plus 233 in hippocampal formation) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 0.39 — correlation between trial-by-trial fluctuations of V1 auditory PC1 and their cross-validated prediction from movement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 0.34 — the correlation of the sound-evoked component across different mice, reported against its own within-mouse test-retest ceiling of 0.44 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 18 ± 2% — sound decoding accuracy from V1 neurons against a chance of one in twelve, and against 16% from the face alone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | r = 0.82 — the correlation between the sound-evoked components of visual cortex and hippocampal formation - two regions with very different auditory input Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 75 ± 3% — the sound-related variance explained by a subspace defined entirely from movement during the no-stimulus period, against 35% of the video-related variance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | zero significant components — the audiovisual interaction term - a reported null that removes the simplest form of multisensory integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| variable | transectomy (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | binned firing rate (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | body movements (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | decoding accuracy (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | dimension Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | variance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | accuracy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | correlation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| definition | auditory PC1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | dimensionality Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | behavioral subspace Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | body motion variables Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | cvPCA Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | subspace Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | auditory model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | behavioral model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | dimension Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| key-terms | multisensory, sound, video, V1, visual cortex, auditory cortex, hippocampal formation, projection, fiber, transectomy, cut, movement, whisker, behavior, internal state, pupil, spontaneous, dimension, low-dimensional, high-dimensional, PC1, variance, cvPCA, interaction, decoding, accuracy, correlation, stereotyped, model, auditory model, behavioral model, full model, prediction, subspace, trial, neuron, layer, intracellular, extracellular, two-photon, threshold, fraction, control, bias, ISI, reliability, stimulus |
| Wilcoxon signed-rank test P | as written: Wilcoxon right-tailed signed rank test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| principal component analysis (cross-validated) | as written: cross-validated Principal Component Analysis 15 (cvPCA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| ridge regression | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| reduced-rank regression | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| cross-validation | as written: threefold cross-validation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| ANOVA | as written: repeated-measures ANOVA Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| permutation/shuffling test | as written: a shuffling method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| correlation r | as written: Pearson correlation coefficient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| Fisher z-transformation | as written: Fisher’s Z-transforming Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| F-test F | as written: F-statistic versus constant model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| Wilcoxon right-tailed signed rank test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| reduced-rank regression | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| cross-validated Principal Component Analysis | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| shuffling method | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[13] |
| claim type | critique — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | three encoding models fitted to the same responses - one from sound identity alone, one from measured movement alone, one from both - with the ranking of their predictions as the result — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | activity evoked by sounds in visual cortex, previously read as multisensory integration — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: sound-evoked activity in visual cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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