phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | single-neuron reactivation during free recall— “The same neurons showed an increased firing rate again with free conscious recall, before the verbal report, when the sequence of physical sensory stimuli was absent and no external cues were provided.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “Verbal reports of memories of these specific episodes at the time of free recall were preceded by selective reactivation of the same hippocampal and entorhinal cortex neurons.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We recorded from a total of 857 units (441 single units and 416 multi units)” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “we report the activity of single neurons in the human hippocampus and surrounding areas when subjects first view cinematic episodes consisting of audiovisual sequences and again later when they freely recall these episodes” | |
| research question — evidence | — “we set out to examine how neurons in the MTL respond to cinematic sequences depicting specific episodes, and, later, when these episodes spontaneously come to mind in the absence of external stimuli, in a free-recall situation that can be reported by individual subjects” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Verbal reports of memories of these specific episodes at the time of free recall were preceded by selective reactivation of the same hippocampal and entorhinal cortex neurons.” | |
| transfer | from rodent hippocampal electrophysiology / spatial navigation: the place-cell response profile — sparse firing from a very low baseline, sharply selective for one condition — imported as the expected shape of a human episode-selective response— “The sparse neuronal responses arising from a very low baseline to robust firing during a specific episode are reminiscent of the responses of hippocampal place cells in rodents ( 26 ), in which a cell responds whenever the animal is in a particular place in the environment.” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from rodent hippocampal electrophysiology: the claim that navigational machinery was conserved and repurposed, used to license reading a spatial-memory literature as a memory literature— “The hippocampal and entorhinal machinery used in spatial navigation in rodents may have been preserved in humans but put to a more elaborate and abstract use” | transfers[1] |
| mechanism | Free recall arises when the same medial temporal neurons that encoded an episode are internally reactivated in the absence of external cues, producing the felt spontaneous emergence of a memory— “We suggest that this reactivation is an internally generated neuronal correlate for the subjective experience of spontaneous emergence of human recollection.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | temporal precedence carries the causal weight: the neurons rise above baseline about 1500 ms before the verbal report, so the report cannot be what drives the firing— “The unit’s firing rate rose to more than 3 SD above baseline ( 15 ) about 1500 ms before onset of the verbal report of recall, peaked about 100 ms before verbal report onset, but… | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | the confound is ruled out by signature mismatch rather than by exclusion: epileptic activity is synchronous across neighbouring cells, whereas the observed responses are sparse and isolated among non-responsive neighbours | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | an anatomical dissociation inside the same experiment serves as the control condition: medial frontal units are selective during viewing but lose that selectivity at recall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | sparseness plus the size of the untested stimulus space is used to infer, without testing, that each neuron must also respond to many episodes never presented Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the recall signal is claimed to be readable on one trial rather than only after averaging, which is what lets a single spontaneous recall event be treated as an observation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | the recall alignment is to the onset of the patient's own verbal report, so the experiment's time zero is supplied by the subject rather than by the experimenter Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[6] |
| extends | rodent studies of internally generated hippocampal replay during sleep, rest and waking (refs 27-33) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| extends | prior reports of selective single-unit activation during mental imagery of stationary stimuli (ref 25) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | rodent work on internally generated hippocampal replay (refs 27–33), which could not be tied to recall because the animal cannot declare a memory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| extends | neuroimaging studies of reinstatement at recall (refs 21–24), whose resolution could not reach single neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| contradicts | the prior single-unit picture of MTL responses as brief, 300–600 ms events that rarely outlast 1 to 2 s Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| extends | prior single-unit imagery work (ref 25), which used an external content-specific cue Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| builds-on | the established finding that human MTL neurons respond selectively to complex stimuli, categories and individual persons or landmarks (refs 5–11) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| sense | response — sustained: elevated firing through most of the clip, up to 12 s Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | response — transient: elevation only during particular segments of a clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | response — the brief 300–600 ms MTL response of the prior stationary-stimulus literature, the sense this paper departs from Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | episode — the general cognitive object: multimodal representations linked in temporal succession Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | episode — the experimental stimulus, i.e. what a single 5-to-10-s clip depicts Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | episode — a sub-part contained within one clip, the grain a transient response may be picking out Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | unit — single unit (one isolated neuron) versus multi unit (unresolved cluster); both are counted together as units throughout Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | responsive — defined by consistency across all trials of a clip, not by response size Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | recall — the internal event, versus the verbal report that makes it observable; the paper keeps these apart and measures the lag between them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| control | the analysis re-run with the questionable units removed, and the result reported unchanged — held — rules out the reactivation effect resting on units whose classification is doubtful - the re-run without them is what shows it does not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | rodent work on internally generated hippocampal replay (refs 27–33), which could not be tied to recall because the animal cannot declare a memory — THE AXIS IS WHETHER REPLAY HAS EVER BEEN TIED TO RECALL. 'However, the relation of such replay in rodents to recall of past navigation events has been merely conjectural.' The rodent replay literature is not disputed; the LINK to recall is called conjecture - and this record's [0] gives the reason it had to be, since free recall requires a declaration an animal cannot make. The limitation and its cause, in two rows of one paper. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| evidential status | neuroimaging studies of reinstatement at recall (refs 21–24), whose resolution could not reach single neurons — the paper's own words: indirectly measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| differs in | free recall —contrasted-with→ recognition memory — THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE EVENT IS OBSERVABLE TO THE EXPERIMENTER. 'Whereas the neuronal basis of recognition memory can be probed experimentally in human and nonhuman primates, the study of free recall requires that the mind declare the occurrence of a recalled memory (an event intrinsic to the organism and invisible to an observer).' The two are not distinguished by any property of memory - they are distinguished by WHETHER THE EXPERIMENTER CAN SEE THE EVENT HAPPEN, so the division is one of experimental access and it explains why one literature is larger than the other. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| weight | free recall —contrasted-with→ recognition memory — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | RETRACTED (NO RENAMING, AND THE SECOND ENDPOINT IS NOT IN THE SPAN) · replay —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span links recall to neuronal replay; renamed-across-fields 'reactivation' is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| retracted | RETRACTED (NO RENAMING, AND THE SECOND ENDPOINT IS NOT IN THE SPAN) · replay —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — NO RENAMING, AND THE SECOND ENDPOINT IS NOT IN THE SPAN. The edge is 'replay --renamed-across-fields--> reactivation'. The span reads: 'now DIRECTLY…' It names 'replay' and links it to FREE RECALL - not to 'reactivation', which does not appear at all. A renaming names BOTH names; this names one and relates it to a third thing. Found by reading the whole 'renamed-across-fields' untested population, 21 of 21, where it is one of only three genuinely weak edges against ~18 that were sound. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | RETRACTED (NO RENAMING, AND THE SECOND ENDPOINT IS NOT IN THE SPAN) · replay —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — 0.65 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | RETRACTED (SAME FAULT, SAME PAPER, DIFFERENT ENDPOINT) · reinstated —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says learning activity is reinstated at recall; renamed-across-fields is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | RETRACTED (SAME FAULT, SAME PAPER, DIFFERENT ENDPOINT) · reinstated —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — endpoint was 'BOLD signal', which is a measurement modality, not another NAME for the phenomenon. The renaming the quote reports is reinstated/reactivation. Caught by querying the corpus for the cross-vocabulary link this edge was recorded to provide, and finding it did not bridge. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| retracted | RETRACTED (SAME FAULT, SAME PAPER, DIFFERENT ENDPOINT) · reinstated —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — SAME FAULT, SAME PAPER, DIFFERENT ENDPOINT. The edge is 'reinstated --renamed-across-fields--> reactivation'. The span - 'the BOLD signal…' - names 'reinstated' and describes when it happens. 'reactivation' is absent. Both this and [1] point at the same missing term, which suggests the tagger had a synonym set in mind that the paper never states in one place. WHAT THE SPAN DOES SAY: that learning-period activity is reinstated at recall, measured by BOLD, with the fMRI caveat attached - a phenomenon, not a terminological equivalence, and it is already carried by other tags on this record. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| weight | RETRACTED (SAME FAULT, SAME PAPER, DIFFERENT ENDPOINT) · reinstated —renamed-across-fields→ reactivation — 0.6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | sustained response —distinct-from→ transient — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'in a sustained or transient manner'; it lists the two, it does not distinguish them. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | sustained response —distinct-from→ transient — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | reactivation —operationalised-as→ FR ratio — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but reactivation was measured as a firing-rate ratio; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| weight | reactivation —operationalised-as→ FR ratio — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| audit | reactivation —is-a→ neuronal correlate — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the authors 'SUGGEST' the reactivation is a neuronal correlate of recollection; is-a is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| weight | reactivation —is-a→ neuronal correlate — 0.75 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| audit | mental imagery —contrasted-with→ free recall — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'our study' = free recall (previous sentences); contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| weight | mental imagery —contrasted-with→ free recall — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| weight | hippocampus —part-of→ medial temporal lobe — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[8] |
| audit | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · verbal report —operationalised-as→ free recall — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but verbal reports of memories were given AT THE TIME OF free recall; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · verbal report —operationalised-as→ free recall — RE-GROUNDED. The old span named neither endpoint. This sentence names both and states how the measure was taken - a verbal report AT THE TIME OF free recall. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| weight | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · verbal report —operationalised-as→ free recall — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any generalisation from these recordings to the healthy brain: ALTHOUGH THESE RESULTS SHOULD BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION, SUCH INTERPRETATION IS UNLIKELY FOR VARIOUS REASONS - argued against, not excluded Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the selectivity claim itself: IT IS CLEAR, EVEN BY A SIMPLE STATISTICAL REASONING, THAT THESE NEURONS MUST DISPLAY SELECTIVE RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE OTHER CLIPS not tested here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — any claim about WHICH feature drove the response: IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO EXERCISE CAUTION IN CLAIMS AS TO WHAT EXACT ASPECT OF THE CLIPS THE CELL RESPONDED TO Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the claim that recall signals originate where they were recorded: IT IS POSSIBLE THAT TOP-DOWN EARLY RECALL SIGNALS DO ORIGINATE IN OTHER FRONTAL OR TEMPORAL LOBE REGIONS NOT SAMPLED IN THIS STUDY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — any abstract-association reading: WHETHER MULTIPLE CLIPS TO WHICH A NEURON RESPONDS MAY BE RELATED BY SOME ABSTRACT ASSOCIATION RULE IS NOT CLEAR AT PRESENT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the anatomical coverage of the whole study: FOR EACH PATIENT, THE PLACEMENT OF THE DEPTH ELECTRODES WAS DETERMINED EXCLUSIVELY BY CLINICAL CRITERIA Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[3] - the origin of the recall signal may be outside the sampled regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[0] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - the subjects all have intractable epilepsy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[2] - what aspect of a clip drove the cell is undetermined Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[4] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[4] - the abstract-rule question is open Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
| for which use | limitation — the inhibitory half of the effect: BECAUSE OF THE LOW BASELINE FIRING RATE, THESE INHIBITORY RESPONSES WERE EVIDENT ONLY AT THE POPULATION LEVEL Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[10] |
| evidential status | mechanism — the paper's own words: We suggest that Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[0] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Findings come from epilepsy patients, so pathology cannot be ruled out with certainty. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Only a tiny fraction of possible episodes was tested, so the apparent selectivity of the neurons is an artefact of the limited stimulus set. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | Which feature of a clip a cell actually responds to cannot be determined. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Regions that might carry top-down recall signals were not sampled. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | Whether the multiple clips a neuron responds to share an abstract association is unresolved. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | which brain regions were sampled was decided by clinical need, not by the hypothesis — the coverage of the study is a by-product of surgical planning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | the origin of the recall signal may lie in regions the electrodes never reached Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the subjects all have intractable epilepsy, so a pathology explanation cannot be excluded outright, only argued against Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | what feature of a clip a cell is actually responding to is undetermined Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| limitation | whether the several clips one neuron responds to share any abstract rule is left open Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
| limitation | the inhibitory half of the effect could not be resolved in single cells because baseline firing is too low to see a decrease Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[10] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | A subset of human medial temporal lobe neurons fired selectively and in a sustained way throughout and after specific video episodes, for durations up to 12 seconds. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The same hippocampal and entorhinal neurons reactivated before the patient verbally reported freely recalling the corresponding episode. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Reactivation at recall appeared in the hippocampal and entorhinal populations but not in medial frontal units. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | In an individual recall trial, firing rose above baseline roughly 1.5 seconds before the verbal report and peaked shortly before speech onset, preceding rather than following the report. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Episode-specific reactivation was weak in amygdala and absent from parahippocampal gyrus. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | 54.9% of recorded units (475) responded significantly to at least one clip. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Only 27% of units were recorded within the epileptogenic seizure foci. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | 475 units (54.9%) responded to at least one clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | sustained responses were almost entirely an MTL phenomenon: 44 of the 46 such cells were in MTL, only 2 in medial frontal lobe Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | responses lasted as long as 12 s and were typically ended only by the onset of the next clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | across the population, firing rose above baseline in the 3 s before the verbal report and stayed elevated for 2 s after it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | the effect was present in hippocampal and entorhinal units and absent in medial frontal units Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | reactivation was strongest in cells whose viewing response had been sustained rather than transient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | within MTL the effect was weak in amygdala, absent in parahippocampal gyrus, and striking for hippocampal and entorhinal neurons with sustained responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the proportion of responsive units did not differ across the sampled regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | removing the 27% of units recorded inside the seizure focus did not change the result Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | cells stayed at baseline during recall of clips that had not driven them at viewing Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | the population firing was already slightly elevated before clip onset, which the authors read as anticipation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | patients recalled a mean of 83.2% of the clips they had been shown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| quantity | 857 units (441 single units and 416 multi units) — Total units recorded across patients in medial temporal lobe and medial frontal cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 13 patients, 43 sessions — Sample size of epilepsy patients and of paired viewing and recall sessions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 83.2% (±5% SEM) — Mean proportion of presented clips that patients spontaneously recalled Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 475 units (54.9%) — Units showing a significant response to one or more clips during viewing Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 46 (9.7%) — Responsive units showing a sustained response to at least one clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 44 versus 2, P < 0.03 — Distribution of the 46 sustained-response cells between medial temporal lobe and medial frontal lobe Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 15.57 Hz versus 2.11 and 2.23 Hz — Firing rate of the entorhinal unit during its preferred Simpsons clip versus other clips and blank periods Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 17.7% ± 0.7 SEM (or 4.0 ± 0.2 SEM clips) — Average selectivity of responsive units: share of presented clips eliciting a sustained or transient response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 1.4 ± 0.1 SEM clips (5.7% ± 0.5 SEM) — Average number of clips to which a sustained-response unit responded in a sustained manner Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 27% — Share of recorded units that lay within the epileptogenic seizure foci Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 857 units — total units recorded, 441 single and 416 multi Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 475 units (54.9%) — units responding to one or more clips Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 46 (9.7%) — responsive units showing a sustained response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 44 of 46 — sustained-response cells located in MTL rather than medial frontal lobe Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | 12 s — longest observed response duration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| quantity | 15.57 Hz — entorhinal unit firing rate to the Simpsons clip, against 2.11 and 2.23 Hz for other clips and blanks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[15] |
| quantity | 1500 ms — lead of the firing-rate rise over the onset of verbal report Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[16] |
| quantity | 100 ms — lead of the firing peak over verbal report onset Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[17] |
| quantity | 13 patients, 43 sessions — the sample Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[18] |
| quantity | 83.2% (±5% SEM) — proportion of presented clips spontaneously recalled Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[19] |
| quantity | 17.7% ± 0.7 SEM — share of presented clips a responsive unit responded to, sustained or transient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[20] |
| quantity | 1.4 ± 0.1 SEM clips — clips per unit driving a sustained response, i.e. 5.7% of those presented Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[21] |
| quantity | 27% — share of units recorded inside the epileptogenic seizure foci Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[22] |
| quantity | 300 and 600 ms — typical duration of MTL responses in the prior literature Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[23] |
| quantity | 5 to 10 s — duration of each audiovisual clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[24] |
| quantity | n = 154 — responsive hippocampal and entorhinal cells in the population average Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[25] |
| quantity | n = 56 — anterior cingulate cells in the control population average Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[26] |
| quantity | 20 cells — sustained cells holding elevated firing at least 1 s past clip offset Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[27] |
| quantity | 48 clips — clip set shown to the patient of the entorhinal example Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[28] |
| quantity | 3 SD — threshold above session mean firing used to call a recall-time elevation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[29] |
| quantity | 1200 ms — full width at half maximum of the smoothing Gaussian Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[30] |
| quantity | 1 to 5 min — duration of the intervening task between viewing and recall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[31] |
| quantity | 500-ms — bin width for histograms and the minimum window for calling a response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[32] |
| variable | clips with nonsignificant responses (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | firing rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | baseline firing rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | FR ratio Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | onset time of the verbal report of recall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | preferred clip Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| variable | clip onset and offset Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[12] |
| variable | sound amplitude of patient voice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[13] |
| definition | responsive unit Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | sustained response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | episode Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | responsive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | sustained response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | transient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | FR ratio Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | episodes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | baseline firing rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | place cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| definition | instantaneous firing rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[11] |
| key-terms | free recall, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, medial temporal lobe, single neurons, sustained response, transient, reactivation, replay, place cells, depth electrodes, episodes, firing rate, baseline firing rate, verbal report, epilepsy, single units, multi units, preferred clip, FR ratio, medial frontal, anterior cingulate, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, BOLD signal, mental imagery, recognition memory, conscious recollection, spike raster plot, seizure onset, audiovisual clips, responsive units |
| chi-squared χ 2 | as written: χ 2 ( 5 ) = 7.6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| t-test P | as written: two-sample t test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| t-test P | as written: Student’s t test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| standard error of the mean SEM | as written: (±5% SEM) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| standard deviation (used as a response threshold) SD | as written: more than 3 SD above baseline Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| gaussian kernel smoothing | as written: spike train convolved with a Gaussian of the full width at half maximum of 1200 ms Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| two-sample t test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| Student’s t test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| χ 2 | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| χ 2 | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| SEM | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| SD | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| post–stimulus time histogram | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| claim type | existence — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: existence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | single-unit and multi-unit recording from clinically placed depth electrodes in epilepsy patients, across a viewing session and a later free-recall session — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | free recall — the spontaneous, internally generated emergence of an episodic memory into consciousness — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: single-neuron reactivation during free recall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
· back to index
· concepts · authors
· עברית
© 2026 Shir Sivroni · ORCID 0009-0000-2597-2824