phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference— “The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is important for extinction of many behaviors including conditioned place preference (CPP).” | |
| claim-type | null-result— “Thus, neither the control (Vehicle) nor the experimental group (Bupivacaine) showed significant extinction of EtOH-CPP.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We examined the effects of intra-mPFC inactivation (with bupivacaine) on extinction of ethanol-induced CPP in mice.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “We examined the effects of intra-mPFC inactivation (with bupivacaine) on extinction of ethanol-induced CPP in mice.” | |
| mechanism | repeated cannula and injector insertion destroys tissue in Layers I-III of the mPFC on both sides of the midline, removing projection neurons that normally regulate the nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala, and the loss of that top-down regulation is what blocks extinction learning— “Therefore, it is conceivable that the damage caused by the microinjection procedure resulted in altered mPFC regulation of the NAc and BLC, thereby impairing extinction of EtOH-CPP.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | cumulative mechanical damage from implantation plus repeated infusions amounts to a partial lesion of a region already shown to be necessary for extinction, so the injection itself reproduces the lesion effect regardless of what is infused— “The most parsimonious explanation for these findings is that the microinjection procedure, regardless of the compound being injected, caused tissue damage to an area of the brain shown to be necessary for extinction of EtOH-CPP [ 1 ].” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | The vehicle group could not serve as the control, because whatever impaired extinction affected vehicle and drug alike— “Because of the incomplete extinction in the Vehicle group, it remained unknown if inactivation of the mPFC with bupivacaine was able to impair extinction.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | Only a group that never had the procedure could reveal it, which is why the no-surgery control was added in the second experiment— “Finally, an additional control group that did not receive surgery was included (No Sx group) in order to assess the effects of the handling portion of the microinjection procedure on extinction learning.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | The proposed cause: the repeated procedure damages the very region it is delivering into, amounting to a partial lesion— “The most parsimonious explanation for these findings is that the microinjection procedure, regardless of the compound being injected, caused tissue damage to an area of the brain shown to be necessary for extinction of EtOH-CPP [ 1 ].” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | Because the cannula sat on the midline, the damage was bilateral rather than confined to one hemisphere— “Importantly, because these cannulae were located on the sagital midline, tissue damage to these layers of the cortex affected both hemispheres.” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | The damaged layers contain projection neurons to accumbens and amygdala whose activity changes with drug cues, which is a route from local damage to the behavioural failure— “Retrograde tracing experiments have shown that Layers II/III of the mPFC contain dense populations of projection neurons that terminate in both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and basolateral amygdala complex… | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | Surgery and anaesthesia were ruled out by comparison with their own earlier study matched on strain, frame, coordinates, anaesthesia and surgeon | mechanisms[7] |
| extends | Groblewski et al. mPFC lesion findings [1] and the rat bupivacaine microinjection procedure [2] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Groblewski et al. (2011) [1] electrode-insertion control result Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | Groblewski et al. on mPFC lesions impairing extinction of ethanol place preference Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| critiques | the repeated intra-mPFC microinjection procedure as a tool for multi-day extinction studies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| sense | control - VEHICLE: everything but the drug, which is the standard control and here shares the confound Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | control - NO PROCEDURE AT ALL: no surgery, no cannula, no injection, and the only group in which extinction occurred Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | the manipulation - as intended: reversible pharmacological inactivation of a region during extinction trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | the manipulation - as delivered: cumulative mechanical damage from repeating the delivery, which is a lesion and not an inactivation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | extinction procedure - single-session, as in conditioned fear, where one injection suffices and this problem never arises Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | extinction procedure - multi-day, as required for ethanol place preference, where the injections must be repeated and the damage accumulates Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| control | an additional group given NO SURGERY AT ALL (the No Sx group), alongside the vehicle-infused and drug-infused groups — held — rules out the handling involved in the microinjection procedure - being restrained and manipulated - as the cause of the change in extinction learning, which a vehicle control alone cannot separate because it is handled too Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | the repeated intra-mPFC microinjection procedure as a tool for multi-day extinction studies — THE AXIS IS THE NUMBER OF INJECTIONS, AND MINIMISING IT DOES NOT HELP. 'the damage caused by intra-mPFC injections even when the number of injections was minimized, was sufficient enough to impair extinction - an effect that persisted despite extended extinction training.' The critique of the procedure is dosed: it survives the obvious remedy. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| audit | microinjection —causes→ lesion — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the tissue damage 'MAY HAVE BEEN sufficient' to amount to a lesion; causes is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| weight | microinjection —causes→ lesion — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| edge | microinjection —causes→ extinction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| edge | medial prefrontal cortex —causes→ extinction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · vehicle —contrasted-with→ No Sx — RE-GROUNDED. The old span named only the No Sx group. This sentence names both and carries the contrast with its direction - 'the No Sx, BUT NOT Vehicle or Bupivacaine, group…'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| edge | prelimbic —part-of→ medial prefrontal cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| edge | infralimbic —part-of→ medial prefrontal cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[6] |
| audit | guide cannula —part-of→ microinjection — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but a guide cannula was IMPLANTED for the microinjections; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| audit | conditioned place preference —operationalised-as→ conditioned stimuli — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the conditioned stimuli were the tactile cues of the place-preference task; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| differs in | conditioned fear —contrasted-with→ conditioned place preference — THE AXIS IS HOW MUCH TRAINING EXTINCTION TAKES. 'Unlike extinction of conditioned fear, however, extinction of EtOH-CPP requires multiple extinction trials over the course of several days.' Both are extinction; they differ on the schedule needed, which is why a procedure validated on one can fail on the other for reasons that have nothing to do with the mechanism. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — every within-subject comparison reported: THIS METHOD OF ANALYSIS, ALTHOUGH NOT STATISTICALLY JUSTIFIED, WAS IMPLEMENTED BECAUSE OF THE NARROW DETECTION WINDOW AND INCREASED VARIABILITY inherent to the paradigm Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the projection-damage explanation: FURTHER EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE MICROINJECTION PROCEDURE ON THESE SPECIFIC PROJECTIONS ... IS REQUIRED - proposed, not tested Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — any pharmacological use of this procedure: IRRESPECTIVE OF HOW EACH COMPONENT ... CONTRIBUTES TO THE OBSERVED EFFECT, AS CURRENTLY PERFORMED, THIS PROCEDURE IS NOT ADEQUATELY SUITED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF INTRA-mPFC PHARMACOLOGICAL MANIPULATIONS ON EXTINCTION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[0] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - the within-subject comparisons are acknowledged as not statistically justified, with the reason given Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the sample behind Experiment 1: A TOTAL OF 18 ANIMALS WERE REMOVED FROM ANALYSIS (9 SHOWED LESS THAN 50% PREFERENCE ON TEST 1 AND AN ADDITIONAL 9 WERE REMOVED FOR NOT MEETING HISTOLOGICAL CRITERIA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[4], with the rule and its justification: WE DECIDED, A PRIORI, TO REMOVE ANIMALS THAT FAILED TO EXPRESS A PLACE PREFERENCE OF GREATER THAN 50% ON TEST 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the strongest supporting evidence for the extinction claim, which is not shown: DESPITE DOUBLING THE NUMBER OF EXTINCTION TRIALS, WE FOUND THAT BOTH mPFC-INJECTED GROUPS CONTINUED TO EXHIBIT IMPAIRED EXTINCTION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[1] - the damage-to-projection account is offered as conceivable and explicitly not established Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the central group contrast: THE INITIAL 2-WAY ANOVA REVEALED A MAIN EFFECT OF TEST [F(1,40) = 9.3, p < .005] BUT NOT GROUP, AND NO SIGNIFICANT GROUP x TEST INTERACTION (p's > .05), so the effect rests on the planned comparisons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The planned within-subject comparisons were run regardless of the interaction and are acknowledged as not statistically justified. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The proposed explanation via damage to mPFC projection neurons is untested and needs confirmation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | As performed, the microinjection procedure cannot be used to test intra-mPFC pharmacological manipulations of EtOH-CPP extinction. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The authors state that their own analysis is not statistically justified, and say why they used it anyway Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | Animals were removed for failing to acquire a preference and for histology, about a third of each experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | Non-learners were excluded by an a priori rule, which is disclosed and defended by reference to prior practice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | The strongest extra evidence - doubling extinction to six days - is reported as data not shown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | The damage-to-projection account is offered as conceivable and explicitly not established Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | No group-by-test interaction reached significance in either experiment, so the key contrast rests on the planned within-group comparisons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Neither the vehicle nor the bupivacaine group showed significant extinction of ethanol place preference. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | In the second experiment only the no-surgery group showed a significant drop in place preference. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The experiments suggest some component of the microinjection procedure, not merely the handling, interfered with extinction. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Doubling the extinction trials did not rescue extinction: both injected groups kept showing place preference. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The authors conclude the repeated intra-mPFC microinjection technique, as performed, is unsuitable for studying extinction of ethanol place preference in mice. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Surgery and anaesthesia alone are ruled out as the cause, since a single electrode insertion at the same coordinates in earlier work left extinction intact. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | vehicle and bupivacaine groups both failed to extinguish Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | in the second experiment only the unoperated group extinguished Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | handling alone does not explain it, since the no-surgery group was handled and still extinguished Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | the tissue damage was substantial and limited mainly to layers I-III of the mPFC Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | doubling the extinction training did not rescue it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | surgery and anaesthesia were ruled out by a matched earlier study in which a single electrode insertion did not impair extinction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| quantity | n=108 — total number of adult male DBA/2J mice used across the experiments Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | F (1,33) = 4.3, p < .05 — main effect of Test on percent time on the ethanol-paired floor in Experiment 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | F (1,40) = 9.3, p < .005 — main effect of Test on place preference in Experiment 2 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | t (11) = 2.5 p < .05 — the only significant within-group preference reduction, found in the No-Surgery group Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 18 — animals excluded from Experiment 1, split between failure to show preference and failed histology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | less than 25% — share of subjects that failed to acquire a place preference after two conditioning trials Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | .05 — the alpha level adopted for all statistical tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 0.2 μL over 2 min (0.1 μL/min) — volume and rate of each intra-mPFC infusion of vehicle or bupivacaine Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | n=108 — total mice across both experiments before exclusions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 18 animals removed — exclusions in Experiment 1 - nine non-learners and nine on histology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 16 animals removed — the equivalent in Experiment 2 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 0.2 μL over 2 min — the injection volume and rate, chosen to inactivate most of the target subregions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | >90% of neuronal activation — the intended coverage of the inactivation, from prior diffusion studies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 2 g/kg — the ethanol dose paired with the floor cue Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| variable | No Sx group (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | injector-tip location (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| definition | bupivacaine Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | bupivacaine Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | extinction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| key-terms | medial prefrontal cortex, conditioned place preference, extinction, bupivacaine, microinjection, vehicle, prelimbic, infralimbic, guide cannula, lesion, nucleus accumbens, conditioned stimuli, histological criteria, conditioned fear |
| ANOVA F | as written: analysis of variance (ANOVA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| two-way ANOVA with interaction term F | as written: 2-way ANOVA (Group × Test) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| paired t-test t | as written: paired t-tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons | as written: Bonferroni-adjusted within-subjects comparisons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| alpha level / significance threshold α | as written: Overall α was set at .05 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| standard error of the mean SEM | as written: mean (± SEM) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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