phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | experience-dependent habituation of auditory cortex sound representations— “Here we show in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) that daily passive sound exposure causes a long-lasting reduction in representations of the experienced sound by layer 2/3 pyramidal cells.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “This habituation arises locally in A1 and involves an enhancement in inhibition and selective upregulation in the activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM cells).” | |
| method — evidence | — “Indeed, electrophysiological recordings of single unit activity revealed a similar shift to tone-evoked inhibition after daily sound experience ( Figure S1 ).” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Here we show in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) that daily passive sound exposure causes a long-lasting reduction in representations of the experienced sound by layer 2/3 pyramidal cells. This habituation arises locally in A1 and involves an enhancement in inhibition and selective upregulation in the activity of somatostatin-expressing… | |
| research question — evidence | — “However, difficulty in monitoring the dynamics of sensory representations in the same animal over long time scales has hampered investigation of the long-term effects of passive sensory experience on cortical auditory coding.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Taken together, our results demonstrate the bidirectional modulation of A1 sensory representations by passive experience and engagement in sound-guided behavior and point to SOM cells as a regulator of this flexibility” | |
| transfer | from genetically targeted imaging: Cre-dependent expression of a calcium indicator, which is what makes the cell-type split possible at all— “We used adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to express the calcium indicator GCaMP6s ( Chen et al., 2013 ) in auditory cortex neurons of transgenic mice containing the activity independent reporter tdTomato in GABAergic neurons ( GAD2-IRES-Cre × Rosa-LSL-tdTomato ). This allowed us to optically distinguish glutamatergic pyramidal cells… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from intrinsic signal mapping: a macroscopic tonotopic map used to place the cellular imaging field inside the right area— “Two to three weeks following virus injection and the implantation of a glass window over auditory cortex, we performed intrinsic signal imaging to map the precise position of A1. Responses to pure tones of three frequencies (3, 10 and 30 kHz) routinely revealed three cortical regions that displayed tonotopic organization ( Figure 1B 1 ).… | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from spike inference: deconvolution of fluorescence into an inferred rate, with the conclusions then rechecked without it— “To better estimate the time course of evoked activity, we calculated inferred spike rate from changes in fluorescence using deconvolution ( Vogelstein et al., 2010 ) and we used a single frequency based on the tone that activated the most cells during TRF mapping of each field.” | transfers[2] |
| transfer | from psychophysics: a psychometric threshold for tone detection, used as the readout of a cortical silencing experiment— “Cortical photoinactivation shifted the psychometric curve to the right (n = 5 mice, Figures 5C and 5D ) indicating an increase in threshold (63% success rate) for sound detection (LED on : 51.9 ± 4.0 dB; LED off : 40.7 ± 2.6 dB; p = 0.03).” | transfers[3] |
| mechanism | Repeated passive exposure raises SOM interneuron activity, and the added SOM-mediated inhibition suppresses layer 2/3 pyramidal responses to the experienced tone.— “Habituation increases SOM cell activity, which leads to decreased sound representations in L2/3 pyramidal cells.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Task engagement suppresses SOM cell firing, releasing pyramidal cells from local inhibition and thereby enlarging the representation of the behaviorally relevant sound.— “In contrast, engagement in sound-guided behavior suppresses SOM cell activity, leading to the enhancement of sound representations in L2/3 pyramidal cells.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | habituation is an active process that recruits inhibition rather than a simple withdrawal of excitation— “Furthermore, habituation in A1 is not just a simple withdrawal of excitation; rather it also reflects a pronounced increase in inhibitory responses to the experienced stimulus. This sensory habituation provides a way for the cortex to filter out information lacking behavioral relevance.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | SOM cells are the source, since their tone-evoked excitation grows with the same experience that suppresses everything else— “Intriguingly, daily sound experience had a dramatically different action on the responses of SOM cells compared to PV and pyramidal cells: passive tone exposure increased the strength of tone-evoked SOM cell excitation ( Figure 4F, H ; CI = 0.39 ± 0.04; p < 0.001). Indeed, 58.0% of all SOM cells showed significantly larger responses on Day… | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | PV cells cannot be the source because their excitation falls with experience like the pyramidal cells they would have to inhibit— “Together, these results indicate that the effects of experience on PV cells mirror those of L2/3 pyramidal cells. Importantly, the strong experience-dependent reduction in PV cell activity suggests they are not the source of the enhanced pyramidal cell inhibition during habituation.” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the enhancement is specific to the sustained part of the response, matching where the suppression of pyramidal activity is strongest— “Furthermore, the experience-induced enhancement of SOM cell evoked activity was most prominent during the sustained component of responses, consistent with the pronounced suppression of sustained activity we observed in L2/3 pyramidal cells” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | sound-guided behavior had the opposite effect on SOM cells compared to L2/3 pyramidal cells, with fewer SOM cells excited by the tone during the behaving block— “Intriguingly, sound-guided behavior had the opposite effect on SOM cells compared to L2/3 pyramidal cells ( Figure 7D , n = 4 mice, 109 cells): the fraction of cells excited by the tone during the behaving block was significantly smaller ( Figure 7E , passive: 63.0 ± 8.1%; behaving: 43.8 ± 8.6%, p = 0.01) and the fraction of inhibited cells… | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | filtering sustained sounds while preserving onsets is proposed as the function, since onsets carry the more urgent information— “Sound onsets are likely to signal more critical information (e.g. approach of a predator) than sustained sound features. Thus the mechanisms we describe may provide animals with the ability to selectively filter out sustained sounds (which are of limited behavioral relevance) while preserving the ability to detect sound onsets. While we do… | mechanisms[7] |
| contradicts | Bao et al. (2001), Kilgard and Merzenich (1998) and Zhang et al. (2001) on adult A1 being refractory to passive experience— “In contrast, acute recordings from anesthetized animals after long-term sound exposure report that A1 sensory representations are largely refractory to experience-dependent changes in adulthood ( Bao et al., 2001 ; Kilgard and Merzenich, 1998 ; Zhang et al., 2001 , but see Noreña et al., 2006 ).” | claim_relations[0] |
| contradicts | Noreña et al. (2006) on extensive sound exposure in cat auditory cortex— “However, unlike the results we show, this extensive sound exposure generated a loss of responsiveness at the level of thalamocortical input.” | claim_relations[1] |
| builds-on | Pfeffer et al. (2013) on SOM-to-PV inhibitory connectivity— “The fact that PV cells receive strong inhibitory input from SOM cells ( Pfeffer et al., 2013 ) may explain our finding that habituation leads to reduced tone-evoked excitation and increased inhibition of PV cells.” | claim_relations[2] |
| contradicts | the view that long-term changes in adult auditory cortex require associative conditioning— “In adults, however, long-term changes in auditory cortex circuits are believed to require associative conditioning. For instance, pairing tones of a particular frequency with foot shocks or stimulation of subcortical neuromodulatory systems shifts the frequency tuning of individual neurons in A1 towards the frequency of the conditioned… | claim_relations[3] |
| reconciles | earlier electrophysiological reports of no adult experience effect, by attributing them to which cells unit recording samples and to anaesthesia— “What accounts for the difference between the lack of effect in previous electrophysiological studies and… | claim_relations[4] |
| qualifies | cat studies reporting loss of thalamocortical responsiveness after months of exposure, which differ in where the change sits | claim_relations[5] |
| qualifies | the inconsistent literature on whether auditory cortex is needed for simple sound detection, by measuring a threshold shift rather than an all-or-none loss Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| supports | the parallel result in visual cortex, where silencing raises contrast detection threshold by a similar factor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[7] |
| extends | studies of task engagement in auditory cortex that reached opposite conclusions and did not separate cell types Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[8] |
| sense | A WHOLE RESPONSE CLASS EXISTS ONLY IN THE AWAKE ANIMAL: inhibitory responses were present in about a quarter of cells awake and in NONE under anaesthesia, and prolonged tones evoked only transient onset excitation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | so a literature built on anaesthetised recordings cannot contain the observation this paper is about, whatever it looked for Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | THE DISAGREEMENT WITH PRIOR WORK IS EXPLAINED BY WHAT THE OLDER INSTRUMENT COULD SEE: unit recordings are prone to pick up cells with high firing rates, so earlier experiments may have been sampling the very populations that do not habituate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | and a second explanation is offered beside it, that interneuron activity is attenuated under anaesthesia, with neither chosen Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | AVERAGING OVER A POPULATION HID THE EFFECT: the whole GABAergic population gave variable results, and the finding only appeared once the two interneuron subtypes were imaged separately Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | THE DESIGN REMOVES THE CONFOUND RATHER THAN CORRECTING FOR IT: detecting the OFFSET of a tone puts the measurement before the licking and before the reward, so neither can contaminate the sound-evoked response Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | AND THE CAUSAL EFFECT SHRINKS WITH REPETITION: the psychometric shift from silencing got progressively smaller over days, so the measured size of a perturbation depends on how many times it has been done Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | the frequency-specificity check is what separates a change in the representation from a change in the animal - the effect appears only at the experienced frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | and the conclusion is held against three analysis choices - inferred spikes against raw fluorescence, the amount of neuropil subtracted, and imaging against electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| control | sounds of three different durations delivered in RANDOMLY INTERLEAVED trials — held — rules out temporal expectation - a fixed duration lets the animal learn when the sound ends, so a response at offset would be an anticipated event rather than a sensory one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | Bao et al. (2001), Kilgard and Merzenich (1998) and Zhang et al. (2001) on adult A1 being refractory to passive experience — the state of the animal and the recording: ACUTE RECORDINGS FROM ANESTHETIZED ANIMALS report A1 representations LARGELY REFRACTORY TO EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN ADULTHOOD, against chronic imaging in the awake mouse here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| differs in | Noreña et al. (2006) on extensive sound exposure in cat auditory cortex — the LEVEL of the pathway at which the change appears: UNLIKE THE RESULTS WE SHOW, THIS EXTENSIVE SOUND EXPOSURE GENERATED A LOSS OF RESPONSIVENESS AT THE LEVEL OF THALAMOCORTICAL INPUT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| differs in | the view that long-term changes in adult auditory cortex require associative conditioning — whether reinforcement is required: long-term changes ARE BELIEVED TO REQUIRE ASSOCIATIVE CONDITIONING - PAIRING TONES OF A PARTICULAR FREQUENCY WITH FOOT SHOCKS OR STIMULATION OF SUBCORTICAL NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEMS - where this paper uses passive exposure alone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| differs in | earlier electrophysiological reports of no adult experience effect, by attributing them to which cells unit recording samples and to anaesthesia — which cells were recorded: ONE POSSIBILITY REFLECTS DIFFERENCES IN THE CELL POPULATIONS STUDIED - WE FOUND THAT EXPERIENCE HAD UNIQUE EFFECTS ON SOUND REPRESENTATIONS OF L2/3 PYRAMIDAL CELLS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| differs in | cat studies reporting loss of thalamocortical responsiveness after months of exposure, which differ in where the change sits — the exposure duration and the level affected: TONE BURSTS MAINTAINED WITHOUT INTERRUPTION FOR 1.5-5 MONTHS, and the effect was A LOSS OF RESPONSIVENESS AT THE LEVEL OF THALAMOCORTICAL INPUT rather than a cortical change Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| audit | habituation —causes→ inhibition — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but this span describes reduced representations after exposure; the increase in inhibition is stated in a neighbouring sentence. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| effect direction | habituation —causes→ inhibition — increases Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| note | habituation —causes→ inhibition — twenty minutes a day for five days, and the whole effect is carried by a rise in inhibition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| note | L4 —distinct-from→ L2/3 — the thalamorecipient layer barely moves, which is the argument that the change is made in cortex rather than inherited Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[9] |
| note | SOM —contrasted-with→ PV — SOM cells are the most excitable population before any experience, at a ratio of 12.5 against 0.34 for PV cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[11] |
| audit | behavior —causes→ SOM — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says behaviour had the opposite effect on SOM cells; 'causes SOM' drops the effect. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[14] |
| note | behavior —causes→ SOM — AND THE CIRCUIT RUNS BACKWARDS: engagement suppresses SOM responses in 62.3 percent of cells against 1.4 percent the other way Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[14] |
| differs in | behaving —contrasted-with→ passive — THE AXIS IS THE PROPORTION OF CELLS FAVOURING EACH STATE, AND NEITHER SIDE IS EMPTY. '51.6% of excited cells showed significantly stronger net activity during the behaving block, whereas only 19.4% showed more activity in the passive condition.' A statement that behaviour enhances responses is true of half the cells and false of a fifth - so the population claim and the cell claim are different claims, and only the percentages distinguish them. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[15] |
| note | behaving —contrasted-with→ passive — excited cells rise during the task, and 51.6 percent of them are stronger while behaving against 19.4 percent while passive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[15] |
| audit | silencing —causes→ psychometric — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says contralateral silencing shifted the psychometric curve; 'causes psychometric' is terse. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[22] |
| note | silencing —causes→ psychometric — AND THE EFFECT SHRINKS WITH REPETITION: the shift got progressively smaller over days, read as compensation downstream - so the size of a perturbation depends on how often it has been applied Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[22] |
| note | onset —contrasted-with→ sustained — the proposed function: filter out the sustained, keep the onset, because onsets carry the urgent information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[26] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the spike-inference analyses, with the check stated: ALTHOUGH DATA ANALYSES USING SPIKE INFERENCE CAN BE AFFECTED BY SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO, OUR CONCLUSIONS WERE IDENTICAL WHEN DF/F VALUES WERE USED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the single-cell specificity of the signals: WE CANNOT EXCLUDE SOME RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION OF CELLULAR SIGNALS BY NEUROPIL RESPONSES, though the conclusions do not depend on the degree of background subtraction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the comparison with the earlier task literature: the use of prolonged tones and a sound-offset detection task may itself explain the divergence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the sufficiency of the SOM account: WE DO NOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY THAT OTHER MECHANISMS COULD CONTRIBUTE TO AUDITORY HABITUATION UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the PV comparison between behaving and passive conditions: THE VERY SPARSE EXCITATION OF PV CELLS FOLLOWING HABITUATION MADE IT DIFFICULT TO PERFORM A FINE COMPARISON Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the disagreement with the task-engagement literature: WE CANNOT RULE OUT THE POSSIBILITY THAT THE USE OF PROLONGED TONES AND A SOUND-OFFSET DETECTION TASK MAY ACCOUNT FOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OUR FINDINGS AND PREVIOUS STUDIES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — any silencing result, including this one, as a measure of necessity: WHEN THE CONTRALATERAL CORTICAL SILENCING EXPERIMENTS WERE REPEATED OVER SEVERAL DAYS THE SHIFT OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC CURVE BECAME PROGRESSIVELY SMALLER, SUGGESTING COMPENSATORY CHANGES IN SUBCORTICAL CIRCUITS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the comparison with the learning literature: WE DID NOT OBSERVE AN INCREASE IN SENSORY REPRESENTATIONS IN THE PASSIVE CONDITION AFTER TRAINING, contrary to four cited studies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — the subtype-specific result, which the population-level data did not show: DAILY TONE EXPERIENCE PRODUCED VARIABLE EFFECTS ACROSS THIS CELL POPULATION ... MODEST EFFECTS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL COULD ARISE IF EXPERIENCE HAD DIFFERENT AND POTENTIALLY OPPOSING ACTIONS ON PARTICULAR SUBTYPES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Spike inference from calcium signals is sensitivity-limited, so conclusions were re-checked on raw dF/F. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Residual neuropil contamination of cellular signals cannot be excluded. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The use of prolonged tones and a sound-offset detection task may itself explain the divergence from earlier task-engagement studies. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Other mechanisms contributing to auditory habituation are not excluded. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | PV cell excitation after habituation is too sparse for a fine comparison during behaviour Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the use of prolonged tones and an offset detection task may itself account for differences from earlier task-engagement studies that used transient sounds Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | the effect of silencing shrank when the same experiment was repeated over days, which is read as compensation downstream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | no increase in passive representations appeared after training, contrary to earlier learning studies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | the whole GABAergic population showed only variable effects, so the result depends on splitting it by subtype Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Five days of brief daily passive exposure to the same tone sharply reduced the fraction of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells excited by that tone and roughly doubled the fraction inhibited by it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Cortical habituation is an active process that recruits inhibition rather than a passive loss of excitatory drive. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Layer 4 thalamorecipient neurons showed only weak, balanced changes with the same exposure, so the habituation in layer 2/3 is generated in cortex rather than inherited from subcortical inputs. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | The experience-dependent increase in inhibition of L2/3 pyramidal cells appears to reflect selectively enhanced sound-evoked activity in SOM interneurons. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | When mice performed a sound-offset detection task with the habituated tone, pyramidal cell excitatory representations grew again, partially undoing habituation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Photoinactivating auditory cortex raised the sound-detection threshold from about 41 to 52 dB. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Under anaesthesia inhibitory responses were entirely absent and tones evoked only transient onset or offset excitation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | awake responses to prolonged tones were varied - sustained, ramping, transient, and inhibitory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | and the same patterns appeared in electrophysiology, so they are not an artefact of imaging Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | the transient shift was quantified with an onset response index built from the first and last second of the tone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | five days of twenty minutes' exposure cut excited cells from 19.9 to 6.1 percent, doubled inhibited cells, and reduced their ratio tenfold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | which makes habituation an active recruitment of inhibition rather than a withdrawal of excitation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | THE FREQUENCY-SPECIFICITY CHECK separates a change in the representation from a change in the animal - the effect appears only at the experienced frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | and the conclusions held with raw fluorescence instead of inferred spikes and across different amounts of neuropil subtraction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | layer 4 thalamorecipient cells barely changed, and their excited-to-inhibited ratio not at all Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | which is the argument that the change is made in cortex rather than inherited from below Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | AVERAGING OVER THE WHOLE INHIBITORY POPULATION HID THE EFFECT, and opposing actions on subtypes was the suspected reason Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | PV cells moved with the pyramidal cells, which rules them out as the source of the new inhibition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | SOM cells moved the opposite way, with 58 percent showing larger responses on day five against 9.8 percent smaller Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | and the enhancement was strongest in the sustained component, matching where pyramidal suppression was strongest Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | SOM cells were already the most excitable population before any experience, at a ratio of 12.5 against 0.34 for PV cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | THE TASK IS BUILT SO THE CONFOUND CANNOT ARISE: detecting the offset of a tone puts the measurement before the licking and before the reward Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | silencing the contralateral cortex raised the detection threshold by about 10 dB, from 40.7 to 51.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | and illuminating the ipsilateral cortex in the same mice did nothing, ruling out the light itself Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | AND THE EFFECT SHRANK WITH REPETITION over days, read as compensation in subcortical circuits Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | so subcortical structures alone suffice for detection while cortex improves sensitivity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | and the size of the shift matches what silencing visual cortex does to contrast detection Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| finding | no increase in passive representations followed training, contrary to earlier learning studies Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[27] |
| finding | but during task engagement excited cells rose and 51.6 percent of them were stronger while behaving against 19.4 percent while passive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[28] |
| finding | with block order and baseline fluorescence both checked Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[29] |
| finding | layer 4 did not move during behaviour either, localising the engagement effect to cortex as well Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[30] |
| finding | and SOM cells moved the opposite way again, suppressed in 62 percent of cells against 1.4 percent enhanced Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[31] |
| finding | PV cells could not be compared finely because their excitation was too sparse after habituation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[32] |
| finding | THE DISAGREEMENT WITH EARLIER WORK IS ATTRIBUTED TO WHAT UNIT RECORDING SAMPLES - cells with high firing rates, which may be the very populations that do not habituate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[33] |
| finding | and another possibility is the difference in cortical activity between anesthetized and awake animals, since the activity of GABAergic interneurons can be strongly attenuated in the anesthetized state Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[34] |
| finding | cat studies after months of exposure changed the thalamocortical input instead, which is a different location for the effect Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[35] |
| finding | the proposed function is filtering sustained sounds while preserving onsets, which carry the more urgent information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[36] |
| finding | prior work on task engagement had reached opposite conclusions and had not separated cell types Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[37] |
| finding | and the prolonged tones and offset task are named as a possible reason for the difference Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[38] |
| finding | the standing view had been that adult auditory cortex changes only with associative conditioning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[39] |
| finding | difficulty in monitoring the dynamics of sensory representations in the same animal over long time scales has hampered investigation of the long-term effects of passive sensory experience Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[40] |
| finding | areas were told apart by tonotopic pattern before any cell was imaged, and all experiments were confined to the 10 to 20 kHz region Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[41] |
| finding | about 31 percent of pyramidal cells responded to at least one frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[42] |
| finding | the exposure protocol was 200 trials a day of 5 to 9 second tones for five consecutive days Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[43] |
| quantity | ten-fold — reduction in the ratio of excited to inhibited layer 2/3 pyramidal cells after five days of passive tone exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 10 dB — rise in the sound level detection threshold caused by acute optogenetic silencing of contralateral auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 58.0% — proportion of SOM cells whose tone-evoked responses were significantly larger on Day 5 than Day 1 (versus 9.8% showing the opposite) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 19.9 ± 2.7% / 6.1 ± 1.1% — fraction of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells excited by the exposed tone on Day 1 versus Day 5 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 0% — inhibitory responses under anaesthesia, against about a quarter of cells awake - a response class the anaesthetised preparation cannot produce Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | ten-fold — the drop in the ratio of excited to inhibited cells over five days of passive exposure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 58.0% — SOM cells with larger responses on day five, against 9.8 percent smaller - the opposite direction to every other population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 12.5 ± 0.4 — excited-to-inhibited ratio in SOM cells before any experience, against 0.34 in PV cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 51.9 ± 4.0 dB — detection threshold with cortex silenced, against 40.7 dB without Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 31.0 ± 4.4% — pyramidal cells responding to at least one frequency, from 1480 cells in 8 mice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| variable | engagement in the task (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| variable | interneuron subtypes (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | ipsilateral silencing (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | excitation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | inhibition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | change index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | psychometric Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | TRF Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | fraction of excited cells (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| variable | fraction of inhibited cells (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[12] |
| definition | onset response index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | change index (CI) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | habituation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | change index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | deconvolution Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | TRF Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| key-terms | A1, L2/3, L4, pyramidal, SOM, PV, interneuron, habituation, excitation, inhibition, change index, awake, behavioral relevance, behavior, detection, psychometric, silencing, ipsilateral, GCaMP6s, unit recording, intrinsic signal, deconvolution, neuropil, dF/F, TRF, tonotopic, sustained, onset, single unit, passive, behaving |
| concept | habituation — not defined in this paper's own words; the progressive loss of representation for a repeated meaningless tone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | inhibition — not defined in this paper's own words; the other half, which rises - and which does not exist at all under anaesthesia Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| t-test p | as written: two-tailed t-test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| Wilcoxon signed-rank test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| ANOVA p | as written: one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| ROC analysis | as written: receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| correlation | as written: correlation coefficient Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| one-way ANOVA | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| SEM | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| claim type | mechanism — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | chronic two-photon imaging of GCaMP6s in identified pyramidal, layer 4, PV and SOM populations across five days of tone exposure and during alternating behaving and passive blocks, plus optogenetic cortical silencing during a sound-offset detection task — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | habituation of a cortical sensory representation to a repeated, meaningless stimulus, and its reversal when the stimulus becomes behaviourally relevant — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: experience-dependent habituation of auditory cortex sound representations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
· back to index
· concepts · authors
· עברית
© 2026 Shir Sivroni · ORCID 0009-0000-2597-2824