(cid:NN). The PDF this text was extracted from encodes 149 characters in a way that names no letter, so the extractor could not say what they were. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing — the marks are the source’s, not the tagging’s.phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | Ih and HCN channel diversity across inferior colliculus neuron types— “The present study shows that GABAergic neurons have slowly activating hyperpolarizing-activated current (Ih) and an adaptive firing pattern whereas at least four types of glutamatergic neurons exist regarding their Ih properties and firing patterns.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “We conclude that HCN channel subtypes are differentially distributed in IC neuron types and correlate with neurotransmitter type and firing pattern.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Neuron types were classified upon electrophysiological measurements of the hyperpolarizing-activated current (Ih) in acute brain slices of young adult mice.” | |
| mechanism | Differential distribution of HCN channel subtypes across neuron classes (or, alternatively, second-messenger modulation of Ih) produces the observed differences in Ih kinetics and voltage dependence— “The differences in Ih kinetics and voltage dependence indicate that either HCN channel subtypes are differentially distributed in the various neuron types or that modulation of Ih via second messengers might be responsible for the observed differences.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | GABAergic neurons carry a slow Ih because their current is conducted by channels assembled from HCN2 and HCN4 subunits— “We conclude from these experiments that GABAergic neurons in the IC exhibit Ih that is mainly transmitted via ion channels composed of HCN2 and HCN4 subunits.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Fast Ih in excitatory neurons is carried by HCN1/HCN2 channels while slow Ih is carried by HCN2 and sometimes HCN4, so subunit composition sets the kinetic class— “In contrast, different types of excitatory neurons exist, with either fast Ih transmitted via HCN1/HCN2, or slow Ih transmitted via HCN2 and in some cases HCN4.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | Because HCN4 is restricted to GABAergic cells and is cAMP-sensitive, neuromodulators that raise second-messenger levels would selectively retune the integrative properties of the inhibitory population— “Since HCN4 channels are primarily expressed in GABAergic neurons, neuromodulatory inputs that increase intracellular second messenger concentration (e.g., serotonin) may predominantly target the integrative properties of the GABAergic population” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | A large, fast-activating Ih depolarizes the membrane after release from hyperpolarization and thereby enables rebound spiking in specific excitatory subclasses— “This indicates that rebound firing is facilitated by large and fast-activating Ih and mainly found in specific subclasses of IC neurons.” | mechanisms[4] |
| replicates | Zhao et al. (2011)— “This confirms previous results (Zhao et al. 2011) and shows that almost all neurons in the CIC expressing EYFP and channelrhodopsin are also GAD67(cid:2) and thus GABAergic.” | claim_relations[0] |
| contradicts | Ono et al. (2005)— “The same study also identified a population of GABAergic neurons with build-up or/and pause response, a firing pattern that we did not observe in the CIC.” | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | Koch et al. (2004)— “As HCN1 has been shown to be tonotopically organized in the rat IC (Koch et al. 2004) we quantified whether a similar differential distribution of HCN1 was also present in the mouse IC (Fig. 4D).” | claim_relations[2] |
| replicates | Ono et al. (2017)— “This was also seen in a recent in vivo study where two distinct groups of GABAergic CIC neurons according to their firing pattern in response to acoustic stimulation were indistinguishable (Ono et al. 2017).” | claim_relations[3] |
| sense | neuron type - defined by Ih properties measured in acute slices, with the group boundary set at a chosen activation time constant rather than at an observed discontinuity— “We chose an activation time constant of 235 ms to divide the population since, except for two intermediate neurons” | senses[0] |
| sense | GABAergic neurons - a single undivided population UNDER THESE MEASUREMENTS, which the paper distinguishes from the claim that no further subclasses exist— “Based on these measurements, the population of GABAergic neurons could not be further divided. However, it is possible that more physiological subclasses of GABAergic neurons exist since brain slice preparation and recording configurations may have biased our sample toward one neuron type.” | senses[1] |
| sense | inferior colliculus subdivisions - adopted from an atlas classification based on Nissl staining, not derived from the physiology being reported— “We adopted the classification of IC into external cortex (ECIC), CIC, and dorsal cortex according to the Nissl staining (Paxinos and Franklin 2012).” | senses[2] |
| control | the dorso-ventral extent of each inferior colliculus normalised from zero to one before being divided into five regions — held — rules out differences in absolute size between animals - without normalising, the same anatomical position falls in different regions in different brains— “The dorso-ventral extent of each IC was normalized from zero to one and divided into five regions.” | controls[0] |
| evidence status note | Zhao et al. (2011) — 2026-08-16: FAILED GLYPH INSIDE THIS QUOTE. The staged text reads "are also GAD67(cid:2) and thus GABAergic". (cid:2) IS A SIGN CHARACTER AND I AM NOT ASSERTING WHICH ONE. The sentence's own logic points to a plus - GABAergic neurons are GAD67-positive, and the clause concludes "and thus GABAergic" - but plus and minus are OPPOSITE readings of the same tag, and supplying the sign from domain knowledge would be putting a true outside fact into a quote. Read it as: the cells are GAD67-[sign unreadable in the staged file], which the authors take to establish they are GABAergic. The quote is an exact substring of the staged file; the file is incomplete here, not the tag.— “This confirms previous results (Zhao et al. 2011) and shows that almost all neurons in the CIC expressing EYFP and channelrhodopsin are also GAD67(cid:2) and thus GABAergic.” | claim_relations[0] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · CIC —part-of→ inferior colliculus — RE-GROUNDED. The old span cited a classification scheme. This sentence states the containment in the paper's own phrase - 'neurons in the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (CIC)' - which is the anatomy the edge records, with the abbreviation defined in place.— “We adopted the classification of IC into external cortex (ECIC), CIC, and dorsal cortex according to the Nissl staining (Paxinos and Franklin 2012).”— “We adopted the classification of IC into external cortex” | concept_edges[0] |
| note | CIC —part-of→ inferior colliculus — RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint.— “Slice Preparation Patch-clamp recordings were performed from neurons in the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (CIC) of mice aged 22–28 days (male/female ratio ~1:1).” | concept_edges[1] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the completeness of the subclass list: BRAIN SLICE PREPARATION AND RECORDING CONFIGURATIONS MAY HAVE BIASED OUR SAMPLE TOWARD ONE NEURON TYPE— “However, it is possible that more physiological subclasses of GABAergic neurons exist since brain slice preparation and recording configurations may have biased our sample toward one neuron type.” | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any claim that a type is absent: OTHER GABAERGIC NEURON TYPES WITH LOW PREVALENCE (10% OR LOWER) MAY HAVE ESCAPED OUR SAMPLE DUE TO OUR RELATIVELY LOW SAMPLE SIZE— “Moreover, other GABAergic neuron types with low prevalence (10% or lower) may have escaped our sample due to our relatively low sample size.” | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the grouping variable itself: THESE TWO PARAMETERS ONLY PARTIALLY CORRELATE WITH Ih AMPLITUDE AND Ih ACTIVATION TIME CONSTANT BUT ALSO DEPEND ON MEMBRANE CAPACITANCE AND THE ACTIVATION OF OTHER VOLTAGE-GATED ION CHANNELS— “We are aware that these two parameters only partially correlate with Ih amplitude and Ih activation time constant but also depend on membrane capacitance and the activation of other voltage-gated ion channels in the respective neurons.” | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the physiological classification as a final answer: FURTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OR MOLECULAR PROFILING MAY REVEAL DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF GABAERGIC IC NEURONS— “It is also possible that further physiological measurements or molecular profiling may reveal different populations of GABAergic IC neurons.” | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the two Ih groups as natural kinds: the boundary is an activation time constant chosen by the authors at 235 ms, with two intermediate neurons stated not to follow it— “We chose an activation time constant of 235 ms to divide the population since, except for two intermediate neurons” | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the finding that GABAergic IC neurons form a single physiological class: the authors state this holds for these measurements and that the preparation may have biased the sample toward one type— “Based on these measurements, the population of GABAergic neurons could not be further divided. However, it is possible that more physiological subclasses of GABAergic neurons exist since brain slice preparation and recording configurations may have biased our sample toward one neuron type.” | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the absence of a GABAergic subtype in these data as evidence it does not exist: the authors state types at 10% prevalence or lower may have escaped the sample given its size— “Moreover, other GABAergic neuron types with low prevalence (10% or lower) may have escaped our sample due to our relatively low sample size.” | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the reported time constants for slow-Ih neurons: the authors state Ih was not fully activated at the measurement point, so the taus are underestimates, and argue the group differences survive— “For neurons with slowly activating Ih, Ih was not fully activated at this time point. However, measured taus were in any case an underestimation for slow-Ih neurons and therefore did not change differences between the groups.” | limitations[7] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Slice preparation and recording configuration may have biased sampling toward particular GABAergic cell types, so further subclasses may exist.— “However, it is possible that more physiological subclasses of GABAergic neurons exist since brain slice preparation and recording configurations may have biased our sample toward one neuron type.” | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Low-prevalence GABAergic types could have been missed given the sample size.— “Moreover, other GABAergic neuron types with low prevalence (10% or lower) may have escaped our sample due to our relatively low sample size.” | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The current-clamp sag measures used to group cells are only partial proxies for Ih amplitude and kinetics.— “We are aware that these two parameters only partially correlate with Ih amplitude and Ih activation time constant but also depend on membrane capacitance and the activation of other voltage-gated ion channels in the respective neurons.” | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The physiological classification alone may not exhaust the GABAergic populations; molecular profiling could split them further.— “It is also possible that further physiological measurements or molecular profiling may reveal different populations of GABAergic IC neurons.” | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The dividing line between the two groups is a chosen value, and the neurons that do not fit it are named in the same sentence.— “We chose an activation time constant of 235 ms to divide the population since, except for two intermediate neurons” | limitations[4] |
| limitation | The inhibitory population is reported as undivided BY THESE MEASUREMENTS, with the authors stating the preparation may have biased the sample toward one type. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | A detection floor is stated: cell types at or below 10% prevalence may simply not be in the sample. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | A measurement is declared biased with its direction named, and then argued not to affect the comparison that rests on it. | limitations[7] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Every GABAergic inferior colliculus neuron sampled showed a slowly activating hyperpolarization-activated current of moderate amplitude, whereas some excitatory neurons showed a fast-activating, large-amplitude current. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Immunostaining placed the fast-gating HCN1 channel around excitatory neurons and the slow-gating HCN4 channel perisomatically around most inhibitory neurons. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | GABAergic somata lacked HCN1 labelling. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | About 15% of glutamatergic neurons fired only at stimulus onset, and this pattern always co-occurred with a large, fast Ih. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | In contrast to many other brain regions, membrane properties and firing patterns were similar in GABAergic neurons and about a third of the excitatory neurons here. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Only the onset-firing excitatory neurons formed a distinct class; GABAergic neurons were statistically indistinguishable from many excitatory types on membrane properties and Ih. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | HCN1 immunoreactivity showed no systematic dorso-ventral (tonotopic) gradient across the mouse central nucleus. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | 80% of fast-Ih adapting excitatory neurons showed rebound spiking, whereas few GABAergic or slow-Ih excitatory neurons did. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Firing rate versus injected-current relationships did not differ between GABAergic and any excitatory group. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | GABAergic neurons adapted their spike rate rapidly within the first 200 ms and little thereafter. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | 96% of EYFP-positive (GABAergic) neurons carried a perisomatic HCN4 ring. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | The onset-firing excitatory neurons' membrane properties resemble those of principal neurons of the lateral and medial superior olive. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | Ih current density was indistinguishable between GABAergic and slow-tau excitatory neurons but significantly larger in fast-tau excitatory neurons. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| quantity | 33%, 36%, 25% — share of recorded neurons that were GABAergic with slow Ih, excitatory with fast Ih, and excitatory with slow Ih Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 6% — share of neurons with no detectable Ih, all of them excitatory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 96% (74 out of 77) — proportion of GABAergic (EYFP-positive) neurons showing a perisomatic HCN4 ring Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 88% — share of inferior colliculus neurons with an adapting firing pattern, irrespective of transmitter type Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 15% — share of glutamatergic neurons showing onset spiking, always paired with large fast Ih Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | P = 0.98 — one-way ANOVA result showing mean firing rates at 200 pA above threshold did not differ across the four neuron groups (115–117 Hz) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5), (cid:6), (cid:8). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| value source note | quantity — The value is written with the paper's own symbol (=). Our copy of the text prints it as '(cid:6)' ('P (cid:6) 0.98'), because the PDF's text layer maps its maths characters to the wrong codes. The value is read from the PDF, page 10. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 69 ± 11 ms vs 167 ± 32 ms — weighted adaptation time constants for GABAergic neurons versus slow-Ih excitatory neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5), (cid:6), (cid:8). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 235 ms — activation time-constant cutoff used to split excitatory neurons into fast-tau and slow-tau Ih groups Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:9). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 22–28 days, ~1:1 — age of the mice used for patch-clamp recording and the male/female ratio of the sample Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | n = 5 — number of inferior colliculi in which HCN1 mean gray value was quantified along the dorso-ventral axis, with no gradient found Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| evidence status note | quantity — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:6). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| value source note | quantity — The value is written with the paper's own symbol (=). Our copy of the text prints it as '(cid:6)' ('n (cid:6) 5'), because the PDF's text layer maps its maths characters to the wrong codes. The value is read from the PDF, page 5. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| variable | hyperpolarizing voltage steps (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| evidence status note | variable — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | adaptation rate (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| evidence status note | variable — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | holding potential (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| evidence status note | variable — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:5). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | Ih densities (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | activation time constant (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | half-maximal activation voltage (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| definition | onset firing neuron Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | adapting firing neuron Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | current density Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | excitatory neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| evidence status note | definition — RULED, NOT PREVIOUSLY ADJUDICATED. This quote carries an unmapped font glyph and was not covered by the 2026-08-25 ruling, which reached only rows flagged with glyph damage. The same reasoning applies and the same decision follows: THE QUOTE IS NOT EDITED. The unmapped characters are the ones carrying the claim, and no code-to-character table is possible - in one sentence of this corpus the same code is '=' once and 'tau' twice. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job, costed and refused (0 of 114 appendable; a per-record re-stage fixes 21 and breaks 223). Three sibling rows were found ALREADY ruled under this same pass and are untouched. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | inhibitory neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| evidence status note | definition — RULED, NOT PREVIOUSLY ADJUDICATED. This quote carries an unmapped font glyph and was not covered by the 2026-08-25 ruling, which reached only rows flagged with glyph damage. The same reasoning applies and the same decision follows: THE QUOTE IS NOT EDITED. The unmapped characters are the ones carrying the claim, and no code-to-character table is possible - in one sentence of this corpus the same code is '=' once and 'tau' twice. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job, costed and refused (0 of 114 appendable; a per-record re-stage fixes 21 and breaks 223). Three sibling rows were found ALREADY ruled under this same pass and are untouched. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| concept | inferior colliculus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | CIC Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | activation time constant Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| Shapiro–Wilk normality test | as written: Shapiro- Wilk normality Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| Levene test for equality of variance | as written: Levene variance test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc | as written: nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test or Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc | as written: one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparisons test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| standard error of the mean SE | as written: means ± SE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| evidence status note | standard error of the mean — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:8). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| curve fitting (single exponential) | as written: applying a single exponential fit to the currents Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| curve fitting (Boltzmann function) V1/2 | as written: fitted with a Boltzmann function Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| curve fitting (double exponential) | as written: a double exponential function ... was fit to the successive spike frequency plot Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| evidence status note | curve fitting (double exponential) — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:2), (cid:5), (cid:6). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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