phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | task-engagement suppression of sound-evoked responses in auditory cortex— “To study these preparatory mechanisms, we compared activity in auditory cortex elicited by sounds while rats performed an auditory task (“engaged”) with activity elicited by identical stimuli while subjects were awake but not performing a task (“passive”).” | |
| claim-type | existence— “Surprisingly, we found that engagement suppressed responses, an effect opposite in sign to that elicited by selective attention.” | |
| method — evidence | — “After animals reached criterion performance (> 95% correct; ~1 week), we implanted movable tetrodes in the left primary auditory cortex (area A1) to record neural activity, including single unit responses, multi-unit responses and local field potentials (LFPs).” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “To study the neural correlates of one of these non-selective components in auditory cortex, we compared cortical activity elicited by auditory stimuli in animals engaged in an auditory task with activity elicited by identical stimuli when an animal was passive but wakeful; we use the term” | |
| research question — evidence | — “Attention is itself complex, consisting of a well-defined selective component and a much less well-defined component encompassing arousal, vigilance and sustained attention.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “We propose that suppression represents the wakeful baseline condition upon which other forms of attentional and non-attentional modulation are superimposed.” | |
| transfer | from somatosensory physiology: the whisking-versus-quiet suppression in barrel cortex, used as the cross-modal parallel for the same effect— “Synaptic depression has also been implicated in the barrel cortex, where suppression has been observed during whisking (“engaged”) compared with quiet wakefulness (“passive”), consistent with the present findings” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from synaptic physiology: short-term synaptic depression and the inverse relation between release probability and presynaptic rate, imported as the circuit explanation— “Synaptic depression of the thalamocortical inputs 15 , 35 could explain how the relative enhancement of the thalamic spontaneous rate in the engaged condition might lead to suppression of the cortical evoked response, without changing the cortical spontaneous activity.” | transfers[1] |
| mechanism | Raised thalamic spontaneous firing depresses thalamocortical synapses, which suppresses the cortical evoked response while leaving cortical spontaneous rate unchanged— “Synaptic depression of the thalamocortical inputs 15 , 35 could explain how the relative enhancement of the thalamic spontaneous rate in the engaged condition might lead to suppression of the cortical evoked response, without changing the cortical spontaneous activity.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Preceding spontaneous activity leaves thalamocortical synapses in a depleted state, so identical thalamic evoked responses drive smaller cortical responses— “Furthermore, evoked responses of identical magnitude in thalamus would lead to relatively depressed responses in the cortex in the engaged condition, because the thalamocortical synapses would be in a more depleted state due to the preceding spontaneous activity (for details, see SM8: Thalamocortical depression model).” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Release probability falls inversely with presynaptic rate, so a higher thalamic firing rate does not translate into a higher cortical spontaneous rate— “At sufficiently high firing rates, synaptic release probability is inversely proportional to the presynaptic firing rate 36 (P release ∝ 1/F thalamic ).” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | Suppression functions as an early stage of routing the sensory signal to motor centres by silencing neurons irrelevant to the current task— “Task-engaged suppression may represent an initial stage of this routing, in which activity in neurons irrelevant to the task is reduced.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | thalamic spontaneous rate rises during engagement while thalamic evoked responses do not change— “In contrast to cortex, there was no difference (p=0.80) in the thalamic evoked response ( Fig. 6a ) between the engaged and passive conditions. However, the thalamic spontaneous activity showed a robust and consistent elevation in the engaged condition” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | synaptic depression at thalamocortical synapses could convert a raised thalamic spontaneous rate into a suppressed cortical evoked response without raising cortical spontaneous rate— “Synaptic depression of the thalamocortical inputs 15 , 35 could explain how the relative enhancement of the thalamic spontaneous rate in the engaged condition might lead to suppression of the cortical evoked response, without changing the cortical spontaneous activity.” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | suppression concentrates the same stimulus into fewer, harder-firing neurons - the representation becomes sparser by kurtosis— “The kurtosis of the firing rate distribution in the engaged condition was greater than in the passive condition (kurtosis engaged = 8.4 ± 2.4 vs. kurtosis passive = 4.1 ± 0.7; p <0.05; see SM5: Kurtosis of firing rate distribution), indicating that the stimulus representation in the engaged condition was sparser.” | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | headphones deliver identical stimuli regardless of the animal's position, so any difference must come from the animal's state— “Because the sounds were delivered through headphones, differences in neural activity in this paradigm must be due to differences in the animal’s behavior or state, rather than to differences in the stimulus itself arising from uncontrolled changes in the sound path from speaker to the ear.” | mechanisms[7] |
| mechanism | suppression correlates with a cell's spontaneous rate, a property independent of the stimulus used— “Interestingly, suppression was correlated with spontaneous activity, a property of the cells that does not depend on the stimulus used during the task” | mechanisms[8] |
| mechanism | synaptic depression is argued to cover the steady-state effects, with other mechanisms left open for the first few stimuli | mechanisms[9] |
| contradicts | prior studies reporting increased spontaneous activity with task engagement (cited as reference 19) | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | rat barrel cortex whisking-versus-quiet-wakefulness studies (cited as references 37–39) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | the expectation that engagement, like selective attention, enhances cortical responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| contradicts | the account of neural activity as a resource allocated in greater measure with increasing arousal Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| qualifies | studies reporting increased spontaneous activity with task engagement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| supports | barrel cortex reports of suppression during whisking relative to quiet wakefulness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| distinguishes-from | sleep and anaesthesia, which have their own distinct signatures Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| sense | attention is split into a well-defined SELECTIVE component and a much less well-defined non-selective one covering arousal, vigilance and sustained attention - and the two have OPPOSITE signs in this cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | engaged is coined here for the non-selective component: performing a task, as against being awake and not performing one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | modulation index is defined twice in this paper with different contents - engaged versus passive in the main experiment, auditory versus olfactory block in the intermodal one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | suppression is proposed not as an effect but as the BASELINE on which other attentional and non-attentional modulations are superimposed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| control | the tetrodes advanced at least 40 micrometres EVERY DAY — held — rules out the same cells being counted as independent observations across sessions - without moving the electrode, a strong effect in one neuron is re-measured daily and the sample size is a fiction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | sleep and anaesthesia, which have their own distinct signatures — THE AXIS IS THE SIGNATURE EACH STATE LEAVES. 'Spontaneous and evoked cortical activity showed A CHARACTERISTIC NEURAL SIGNATURE UNDER EACH CONDITION: SPONTANEOUS CORTICAL ACTIVITY WAS REDUCED IN THE LESS AROUSED STATES (SLEEP AND ANESTHETIZED) compared with the awake but passive condition.' Task engagement is distinguished from sleep and anaesthesia not by the direction of the effect on evoked responses - which can look alike - but by what happens to SPONTANEOUS activity at the same time. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| note | engaged —distinct-from→ selective attention — OPPOSITE IN SIGN in the same cortex - the sharpest sign contrast in the corpus, and the reason the construct has to be split Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | synaptic depression —causes→ auditory cortex — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but synaptic depression 'COULD EXPLAIN' suppression of the cortical evoked response; causes is hedged and 'auditory cortex' drops the response. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| note | synaptic depression —causes→ auditory cortex — could explain - proposed, not tested here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | synaptic depression —causes→ auditory cortex — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | engaged —distinct-from→ arousal — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span argues arousal would not explain the suppression; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| note | engaged —distinct-from→ arousal — argued from the SIGN: raised arousal would raise firing, and firing fell Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| weight | engaged —distinct-from→ arousal — 0.95 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — every response-magnitude comparison: BECAUSE ... WE RECORDED FROM SEVERAL NEURONS SIMULTANEOUSLY, WE COULD NOT OPTIMIZE THE STIMULUS PROPERTIES TO MATCH THE RECEPTIVE FIELD PROPERTIES of the recorded neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison with the barrel-cortex literature: DIFFERENCES IN THE BEHAVIORAL PARADIGMS USED IN THE PRESENT WORK ... AND THE PARADIGMS USED IN THE BARREL SYSTEM prevent it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the size and sign of the suppression: the attentional load was modest, and a harder task might have reduced or reversed it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the mechanistic reading of the suppression: OUR RESULTS REPRESENT A FIRST STEP TOWARD UNDERSTANDING THE SYNAPTIC AND CIRCUIT MECHANISMS - the mechanism is not established here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[2] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[2] - the absence of target enhancement is attributed to a modest attentional load, so a harder task might have changed the result Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the word 'suppression' as a description of the population: A MINORITY SHOWED AN INCREASE (8/32 UNITS). THIS HAD THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATING THE STIMULUS-EVOKED SPIKES INTO [a] SMALLER POPULATION OF NEURONS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the stimulus range over which the effect holds: AT ALL BUT THE HIGHEST REPETITION RATES, THE RESPONSES IN THE ENGAGED CONDITION WERE RELATIVELY SUPPRESSED ... THUS SUPPRESSION INTERACTS WITH REPETITION RATE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the thalamocortical mechanism: SYNAPTIC DEPRESSION OF THE THALAMOCORTICAL INPUTS COULD EXPLAIN HOW THE RELATIVE ENHANCEMENT ... MIGHT LEAD TO SUPPRESSION - offered, not tested here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison between the intermodal experiments and the main one: WE USED A TONE DISCRIMINATION TASK WHICH WAS SUBSTANTIALLY MORE CHALLENGING (~3 WEEKS TRAINING, PERFORMANCE ~80%) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| replication | contested | |
| limitation | Simultaneous multi-neuron recording meant stimuli could not be matched to each neuron's receptive field. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The paradigm differs enough from barrel-cortex whisking studies that the two sets of results cannot be compared in detail. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The attentional load of the task was modest, and a harder task might have reduced or reversed the suppression. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The synaptic and circuit mechanism of the suppression is not established. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | the absence of target enhancement is attributed to a modest attentional load, so a harder task might have changed the result Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | a minority of units, 8 of 32, showed the opposite effect Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | suppression interacts with repetition rate and disappears at the highest rates Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the thalamocortical depression account is offered as an explanation that could work, not one that was tested here Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | the two intermodal experiments used a harder task and longer training than the main experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Engaging in an auditory task suppressed sound-evoked responses in auditory cortex, the opposite sign of the enhancement produced by selective attention. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The suppression of evoked responses occurred with no accompanying change in pre-stimulus spontaneous cortical activity. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Responses to the task-relevant target sound were suppressed as much as responses to the last non-target sound. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Sound-evoked responses during auditory-attention blocks were not suppressed relative to olfactory-attention blocks. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The amount of suppression was unrelated to a neuron's spatial selectivity, frequency selectivity, or the octave distance between its best frequency and the attended frequency. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | The authors conclude that the suppression in the engaged condition does not depend on the animal triggering the stimulus. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Firing-rate kurtosis rose from 4.1 (passive) to 8.4 (engaged), indicating a sparser stimulus representation during engagement. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | In the auditory thalamus engagement left evoked responses unchanged but raised spontaneous firing rates, the opposite pattern to cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Thalamic evoked responses did not differ between engaged and passive conditions (p=0.80). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | Sleep and ketamine anesthesia reduced spontaneous cortical activity relative to the awake passive state, giving those low-arousal states a neural signature distinct from passive wakefulness. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | Neural activity did not differ between the passive blocks recorded before and after the task, excluding recording drift, satiety and reward expectation as explanations for the suppression. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | task engagement suppressed evoked responses across single units, multiunit activity and LFP Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | cortical spontaneous activity did not change, unlike other reports Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | task-relevant target and irrelevant non-target stimuli were suppressed equally Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | the representation became sparser, kurtosis 8.4 engaged against 4.1 passive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | no suppression of auditory responses in an auditory block relative to an olfactory block Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | suppression appeared in both blocks relative to passive, so it does not depend on the task's modality Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | suppression was unrelated to spatial selectivity, frequency selectivity or distance from the attended frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | the same suppression appeared when the animal did not trigger the stimulus, with a nearly identical modulation index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | sleep and anaesthesia have their own distinct signatures, with reduced spontaneous activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | in thalamus, spontaneous activity rose during engagement while evoked responses were unchanged Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | thalamic burstiness did not change, unlike in sleep or reduced arousal Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| quantity | −0.20 ± 0.03 vs −0.19±0.02 — modulation index of the multiunit evoked response in the head-fixed task compared with the freely moving task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 8.4 ± 2.4 vs 4.1 ± 0.7 — kurtosis of the firing-rate distribution when engaged versus passive Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 8/32 units — minority of single units whose evoked activity increased rather than decreased when the animal was engaged Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | p<1e–16 — significance of the engagement-related suppression for multiunit activity and evoked LFP Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | p=0.80 — test of the difference in thalamic evoked response between engaged and passive conditions (no difference) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | p<0.001 — significance of the elevation of thalamic spontaneous activity during engagement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 81% / 91% — behavioural accuracy during auditory versus olfactory blocks of the intermodal attention task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | > 95% correct; ~1 week — criterion performance and training time on the two-alternative choice task before electrode implantation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | kurtosis 8.4 plus or minus 2.4 engaged versus 4.1 plus or minus 0.7 passive — sparseness of the representation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 8 of 32 units — the minority showing enhancement rather than suppression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | -0.20 plus or minus 0.03 head-fixed versus -0.19 plus or minus 0.02 self-triggered — modulation indices, showing self-triggering does not explain the effect Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | p = 0.80 — the thalamic evoked-response null Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | about 80% correct after three weeks versus over 95% after one week — the harder intermodal task against the main task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| variable | evoked response (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | thalamic spontaneous firing rate (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | intertrial interval (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | repetition rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | spontaneous firing rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| definition | modulation index Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | modulation index range Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | kurtosis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | isolation distance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | selective component Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | non-selective component Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| key-terms | selective attention, engaged, passive, modulation index, auditory cortex, auditory thalamus, spontaneous activity, synaptic depression, kurtosis, arousal, anesthesia, repetition rate, evoked response, multiunit, local field potentials, medial geniculate, sparser, non-selective, two-alternative choice, head-fixed |
| paired t-test | as written: paired t-test, p>0.1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| kurtosis | as written: kurtosis of the firing rate distribution Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| standard error of the mean s.e.m | as written: mean±s.e.m Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| correlation | as written: suppression was correlated with spontaneous activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| p-value p | as written: p<1e–16 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| Mahalanobis distance (spike-cluster quality metric) ID | as written: Mahalanobis distance from the center of an identified cluster Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| modulation index | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| kurtosis of the firing rate distribution | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| paired t-test | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| method | tetrode recording in rat A1 and auditory thalamus across four task variants, comparing engaged and passive conditions with identical headphone-delivered stimuli — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | behavioural-state modulation of sensory cortex — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: task-engagement suppression of sound-evoked responses in auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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