phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | auditory frequency representation in somatosensory cortex— “Here we focus on temporal frequency processing in the human brain.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “Our results demonstrate that auditory frequency representations can be distributed over brain regions traditionally considered to be dedicated to somatosensation.” | |
| method — evidence | — “In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we measured BOLD signal changes in participants performing an auditory frequency discrimination task and characterized activation patterns related to stimulus frequency using both univariate and multivariate analysis approaches.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Although the occurrence of multimodal responses in sensory cortex is no longer disputed, whether the responses to “non-preferred” modalities observed in sensory areas convey specific representations and how they relate to perception remain open questions.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “Even in cases where auditory stimulation has been shown to evoke distinct response signatures in somatosensory cortex ( Liang et al. 2013 ), it remains unclear whether these response patterns represent specific auditory information.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Moreover, using representational similarity analysis to define the relationships between multi-voxel activation patterns for all sound pairs, we found clear similarity patterns for auditory responses in the parietal lobe that correlated significantly with perceptual similarity judgments. Our results demonstrate that auditory frequency… | |
| transfer | from multivariate pattern analysis: the cortical DM calculated for each ROI compared to the group perceptual DM, so that a high correlation indicates the representational geometry of the auditory stimuli in the ROI corresponds to the geometry of the stimuli in perceptual space— “To relate neural and perceptual representations of the auditory frequencies, we compared the cortical DM calculated for each ROI to the group perceptual DM. We computed the Spearman correlation between the perceptual DM and each participant’s cortical DMs. A high correlation in these analyses would indicate that the representational geometry… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from psychophysics: pairwise similarity ratings, collected outside the scanner and turned into a dissimilarity matrix— “Admittedly, our approach can be substantially improved in future studies. For instance, we compared the cortical dissimilarity measures to the perceptual dissimilarity judgments tested offline and averaged over subjects. We took this approach because the task performed during the discrimination scans, which was designed to ensure that… | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from tactile texture perception: the 100 to 300 Hz range as the band where the two senses overlap, used to predict where parietal responses should stop— “The co-occurrence of auditory and somatosensory signals that are highly specific in the frequency domain may build audio-tactile associations in frequency-processing circuits through an extensive history of co-activation. In this framework, the auditory responses in parietal cortex could reflect predictive coding mechanisms in which hearing… | transfers[2] |
| transfer | from primate single-unit physiology: temporal coding of vibration frequency in somatosensory cortex, named as the mechanism that would explain the fMRI result and has not been shown— “In non-human primates, neurons in primary somatosensory cortex can signal vibration frequencies above 100 Hz in their spike timing ( Harvey et al. 2013 ), but evidence for explicit frequency tuning in somatosensory cortex remains elusive. Whether auditory information is similarly carried in somatosensory cortex using a temporal code is… | transfers[3] |
| mechanism | Sounds and vibrations that share frequency content co-occur constantly in everyday experience, and this long history of co-activation builds audio-tactile associations inside frequency-processing circuits— “The co-occurrence of auditory and somatosensory signals that are highly specific in the frequency domain may build audio-tactile associations in frequency-processing circuits through an extensive history of co-activation.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Predictive coding: hearing a tone evokes the neural representation of the tactile event usually associated with that tone, producing parietal activity with no mechanical stimulation at all— “In this framework, the auditory responses in parietal cortex could reflect predictive coding mechanisms in which hearing specific tones evokes neural representations of the tactile events associated with the sounds even in the absence of mechanical stimulation.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Auditory signals reach parietal cortex over already-documented cortico-cortical and thalamo-cortical routes linking the auditory and somatosensory systems— “Extensive cortico-cortical and thalamo-cortical pathways connecting the somatosensory and auditory systems have been identified using invasive tracing methods” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | subgroups of voxels in classically defined somatosensory regions of the parietal lobe respond to audition and are better suited to represent auditory frequency information— “These collective results indicate that auditory frequency representations in bilateral SR eroded are sensitive to ROI size and voxel inclusion criteria, unlike those in AR eroded which are more robust to the same criteria. Furthermore, the results for SR eroded imply that subgroups of voxels in classically defined somatosensory regions of the… | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | with the proposed route being an extensive history of co-activation at frequencies common to both senses, so that hearing a tone evokes the tactile representation associated with it— “The co-occurrence of auditory and somatosensory signals that are highly specific in the frequency domain may build audio-tactile associations in frequency-processing circuits through an extensive history of co-activation. In this framework, the auditory responses in parietal cortex could reflect predictive coding mechanisms in which hearing… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | and the association may be feature-specific - frequency shared between the senses where stimulus duration appears to rely on modality-dedicated circuits— “Interestingly, although common neural circuits may support frequency processing for audition and touch ( Butler et al. 2012 ), processing of other temporal features, like stimulus duration ( Butler et al. 2011 ), appears to rely on modality-dedicated circuits which implies that the neural associations between audition and touch may be… | mechanisms[5] |
| extends | Liang et al. (2013)— “Even in cases where auditory stimulation has been shown to evoke distinct response signatures in somatosensory cortex ( Liang et al. 2013 ), it remains unclear whether these response patterns represent specific auditory information.” | claim_relations[0] |
| replicates | Beauchamp and Ro (2008)— “A previous report focusing on enhanced auditory responses in the parietal operculum in an individual with sound-touch synesthesia also found auditory responses, of comparable magnitude to the responses we observed, in the parietal operculum of normal control participants ( Beauchamp and Ro 2008 ).” | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | the traditional notion of modality-dedicated cortical systems in which frequency processing is segregated into parietal and temporal streams— “Recent studies have challenged the traditional notion of modality-dedicated cortical systems by showing that audition and touch evoke responses in the same sensory brain regions. While much of this work has focused on somatosensory responses in auditory regions, fewer studies have investigated sound responses and representations in… | claim_relations[2] |
| supports | the account that parietal responses to sound reflect auditory processing rather than partial volume contamination, from the erosion sweep— “In control analyses, we repeated the RSA using more extreme erosion levels ( Supplementary Fig. 1 ) and found nearly identical results with ROIs eroded by 4 mm. RSA with the auditory mask revealed significant auditory representations in somatosensory regions even when performed on a ROI eroded by 10 mm ( Supplementary Fig. 1 ). These… | claim_relations[3] |
| distinguishes-from | cutaneous activation by vibrating earbuds, excluded by somatotopy, by frequency profile and by a headphone control experiment— “Second, we addressed the concern that the parietal responses to auditory stimulation reflected tactile processing explicitly. Specifically, because the MRI-compatible in-ear headphones used in the fMRI scans produce sounds via vibrating piezoelectric elements, cutaneous receptors in the ear canal may have been mechanically driven by the… | claim_relations[4] |
| explains-away | the possibility that the effect is a learned association between sounds and vibrations, since the control session involved no tactile stimulation— “Lastly, in control fMRI experiments designed specifically to test whether vibrating earbud elements are required for sound-related parietal activations we found that significant BOLD signal changes in parietal brain regions can be achieved using sound stimuli delivered via circumaural, air-conduction headphones ( Supplementary Fig. 2 ).… | claim_relations[5] |
| critiques | its own perceptual comparison, which is offline, group-averaged and not trial-wise— “Admittedly, our approach can be substantially improved in future studies. For instance, we compared the cortical dissimilarity measures to the perceptual dissimilarity judgments tested offline and averaged over subjects. We took this approach because the task performed during the discrimination scans, which was designed to ensure that… | claim_relations[6] |
| predicts | that parietal regions respond only to the low frequency range that is also experienced through touch— “The co-occurrence of auditory and somatosensory signals that are highly specific in the frequency domain may build audio-tactile associations in frequency-processing circuits through an extensive history of co-activation. In this framework, the auditory responses in parietal cortex could reflect predictive coding mechanisms in which hearing… | claim_relations[7] |
| sense | THE REGION'S NAME DOES NOT BOUND WHAT IT PROCESSES: robust and frequency-specific responses to sound in CLASSICALLY DEFINED somatosensory areas, against the traditional notion of modality-dedicated cortical systems— “Recent studies have challenged the traditional notion of modality-dedicated… | senses[0] |
| sense | and the question is sharpened before the measurement - multimodal responses are NO LONGER DISPUTED, but whether they convey SPECIFIC representations and how they relate to perception are the open questions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | with the precise gap named: auditory stimulation was already known to evoke distinct signatures in somatosensory cortex, and it REMAINED UNCLEAR whether those patterns represent specific auditory information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | WHICH LOCALIZER DEFINED THE VOXELS IS ITSELF THE HYPOTHESIS TEST: separate auditory, tactile and audio-tactile masks, used to ask whether parietal voxels PRIVILEGED in their sensitivity to sound are the ones that carry the representation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | AND THE ANSWER DEPENDS ON THE MASK: fewer and smaller regions show a frequency effect with the tactile mask, and the paper reads that difference as the result rather than as noise Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | THE SAME DATA ARE SIGNIFICANT OR NULL BY MASK, ONCE SPLIT BY HEMISPHERE: in the left somatosensory ROI the auditory mask gives r = 0.24 P < 0.05, the tactile mask r = 0.07 P = 0.25 and the audio-tactile mask r = 0.1 P = 0.15 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | and the same split against perception - significant correlations ONLY with the auditory masks, with the tactile left-hemisphere mask at P = 0.07 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | THE RESULT EXISTS INSIDE A WINDOW OF ANALYSIS SIZE, AND THE WINDOW DIFFERS BY MASK: the auditory mask needs more than 130 voxels, the tactile mask between 50 and 200 - BEYOND WHICH MORE VOXELS WEAKEN IT - and the audio-tactile mask only 300 to 350 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | stated plainly as a limit - the parietal representations are SENSITIVE to ROI size and voxel inclusion criteria where the temporal ones are ROBUST to the same criteria Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | A THRESHOLD CHOSEN FOR ITS ROLE IN THE PIPELINE, NOT FOR INFERENCE: a LIBERAL uncorrected P < 0.05 used to build the masks, precisely because they only constrain later tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | THE artifact IS ELIMINATED BY A PARAMETRIC SWEEP RATHER THAN ONE CONTROL: ROIs eroded by 2 mm, then 4 mm, then 10 mm - and the auditory-mask result survives all three Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | with four separate design decisions listed against the same confound - 2 mm isotropic voxels, no volumetric smoothing, surface-space filtering, and conservative borders Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| sense | AND THE SPATIAL ARGUMENT IS TURNED AROUND: the significant parietal subdivisions are NOT the ones closest to auditory cortex, which is what a partial-volume account would have required Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[12] |
| sense | ONE CONTROL EXPERIMENT ANSWERING TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTIONS: air-conduction headphones show the effect does not need vibrating earbuds, AND that session involved no touch at all, so a learned sound-vibration association cannot explain it either Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[13] |
| sense | and the earbud account is refuted by SOMATOTOPY - cutaneous drive in the ear canal would confine the response to the ear representation, and the responses are broadly distributed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[14] |
| sense | A LOAD-BEARING COMPARISON WHOSE EVIDENCE IS NOT IN THE PAPER: tactile stimulation at matched frequencies gave response profiles that 'clearly differed' from the sound profiles - DATA NOT SHOWN Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[15] |
| sense | TWO NEGATIVE CONTROLS, ONE ACROSS REGIONS AND ONE WITHIN: visual cortex patterns do not correlate with the perceptual geometry, and neither do the voxels that DEACTIVATED in the localizer Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[16] |
| sense | THE TWO SIDES OF THE CORRELATION COME FROM DIFFERENT PEOPLE AND DIFFERENT SESSIONS: the perceptual judgments were collected offline and averaged over subjects, because the in-scanner task could not yield a sensitive discrimination measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[17] |
| sense | and the peak sits at the edge of the tested range - the somatosensory profile is bimodal with a peak at 75 Hz, THE LOWEST TESTED FREQUENCY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[18] |
| control | a +/-5 per cent JITTER added to the loudness-matched amplitude of every stimulus presentation — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out amplitude as a systematic correlate of frequency - without it, a region that appeared to encode auditory FREQUENCY could be responding to loudness instead, which is the confound the paper's whole claim turns on Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | cutaneous activation by vibrating earbuds, excluded by somatotopy, by frequency profile and by a headphone control experiment — THE AXIS IS A NAMED CONFOUND AND THE EQUIPMENT THAT CREATES IT. 'we addressed the concern that the parietal responses to auditory stimulation reflected tactile processing explicitly. Specifically, because the MRI-compatible in-ear headphones used in the fMRI scans produce sounds via vibrating piezoelectric elements.' The alternative explanation is a property of the apparatus, not of the brain - so every study using these headphones inherits it, and only this one says so. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| differs in | its own perceptual comparison, which is offline, group-averaged and not trial-wise — THE AXIS IS THE GRAIN OF THE COMPARISON. 'we compared the cortical dissimilarity measures to the perceptual dissimilarity judgments tested offline and averaged over subjects.' A brain-behaviour correspondence established between a within-subject neural measure and a between-subject behavioural one is a weaker claim than it reads as - and the paper opens the paragraph with 'admittedly, our approach can be substantially improved'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| audit | somatotopic —part-of→ parietal — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span addresses somatotopic parietal responses; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[25] |
| audit | spike timing —operationalised-as→ frequency — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says somatosensory neurons signal vibration frequency in spike timing; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[39] |
| note | spike timing —operationalised-as→ frequency — the mechanism that would explain the result and has not been shown - explicit frequency tuning in somatosensory cortex REMAINS ELUSIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[39] |
| outcome | control — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the direction of the parietal auditory signal: DUE TO THE LIMITED TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF fMRI, IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THE AUDITORY RESPONSES IN PARIETAL CORTEX REFLECT FEEDFORWARD OR FEEDBACK SIGNALING Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the analysis the discrimination scans could not support: THE TASK ... DESIGNED TO ENSURE THAT PARTICIPANTS ATTENDED TO STIMULUS FREQUENCY, DID NOT PERMIT A SENSITIVE ANALYSIS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the whole set of observations: THESE OBSERVATIONS NEED TO BE CONFIRMED IN ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION SCANNING AND SINGLE-UNIT RECORDING EXPERIMENTS TESTING A MORE COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF TONES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the brain-to-perception comparison: WE COMPARED THE CORTICAL DISSIMILARITY MEASURES TO THE PERCEPTUAL DISSIMILARITY JUDGMENTS TESTED OFFLINE AND AVERAGED across mostly different people Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the SR result specifically: AUDITORY FREQUENCY REPRESENTATIONS IN BILATERAL SR ERODED ARE SENSITIVE TO ROI SIZE AND VOXEL INCLUSION CRITERIA, UNLIKE THOSE IN AR ERODED WHICH ARE MORE ROBUST Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — the cutaneous-activation argument: it rests on a comparison of frequency response profiles whose data are not shown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - feedforward against feedback is not resolvable at this temporal resolution Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — any claim that somatosensory cortex represents frequency explicitly: EVIDENCE FOR EXPLICIT FREQUENCY TUNING is lacking, even where spike timing can signal vibration above 100 Hz Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| replication | untested | |
| no type for this | ROI size → statistical relationship — AN ANALYSIS CHOICE THAT MOVES THE RESULT: significant correlations required between 50 and 200 voxels with the tactile mask, and beyond that, including more voxels WEAKENED the relationship. The correlation is not a fixed property; it depends on where the ROI is cut. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| no type for this | cortical and perceptual DMs → postcentral gyrus — POSITIVE CORRELATION, RESTRICTED: significant only in the postcentral and supramarginal gyri, and only under the auditory mask. The restriction IS the result - an unscoped edge would assert it across parietal cortex, which the span explicitly denies. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[1] |
| limitation | fMRI's temporal resolution cannot say whether the parietal auditory responses are feedforward or feedback. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | the task performed during the discrimination scans, designed to ensure that participants attended to stimulus frequency, did not permit a sensitive analysis of auditory discrimination performance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | these observations need to be confirmed in ultra-high resolution scanning and single-unit recording experiments testing a more comprehensive range of tones Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the perceptual measure is a group average collected offline from mostly different people, because the in-scanner task was not designed to yield a sensitive discrimination measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | auditory frequency representations in bilateral SR eroded are sensitive to ROI size and voxel inclusion criteria, unlike those in AR eroded which are more robust to the same criteria Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the elimination of the cutaneous-activation account rests partly on a comparison whose data are not shown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | fMRI cannot say whether the parietal auditory responses are feedforward or feedback Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | and whether frequency is explicitly tuned, temporally coded or topographically arranged in somatosensory cortex is unknown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Pure-tone auditory stimulation produced robust, frequency-specific BOLD responses in classically defined somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe, outside the bilateral temporal lobes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Multi-voxel activation patterns for sound pairs in the parietal lobe showed a similarity structure that correlated significantly with participants' perceptual similarity judgments of the same tones. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Auditory frequency information is therefore distributed across brain regions traditionally treated as dedicated to touch, not confined to auditory cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | The parietal auditory representations are not a partial-volume artifact of the neighbouring temporal lobe: they survived even when the region of interest was eroded by 10 mm from the parieto-temporal border. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Within parietal cortex, significant perceptual-cortical correspondences were found only in the postcentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Parietal voxels selected by the auditory localizer carried more robust auditory frequency representations than voxels selected by the tactile or audio-tactile localizers. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | The relationship between cortical and perceptual dissimilarity for the tones appears specific to temporal and parietal cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | The parietal responses are not driven by the vibrating piezoelectric earbuds mechanically stimulating the ear canal: significant parietal BOLD changes were still obtained with circumaural air-conduction headphones. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Frequency tuning profiles differed between the two regions: both peaked around 200 Hz, but the somatosensory region showed a second, bimodal peak at the lowest tested frequency of 75 Hz. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | robust and frequency-specific responses to auditory stimulation in CLASSICALLY DEFINED somatosensory areas, against the traditional notion of modality-dedicated cortical systems Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | and the parietal similarity patterns correlated significantly with perceptual similarity judgments made outside the scanner Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | the question is sharpened first - multimodal responses are NO LONGER DISPUTED, and whether they convey specific representations is the open question Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | with the precise gap named: distinct response signatures were known, and it remained unclear whether they REPRESENT specific auditory information Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | WHICH LOCALIZER DEFINED THE VOXELS IS ITSELF THE HYPOTHESIS TEST - three masks, asking whether the voxels privileged for sound are the ones that carry the representation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | A THRESHOLD CHOSEN FOR ITS ROLE IN THE PIPELINE: liberal and uncorrected at P < 0.05, because the masks only constrain later tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | THE ANSWER DEPENDS ON THE MASK: the differences in the results acquired with the tactile localizer masks compared to the auditory and audio-tactile masks imply that brain regions preferentially responsive to auditory stimulation were more likely to exhibit significant response modulation related to auditory frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | THE SAME DATA ARE SIGNIFICANT OR NULL BY MASK once split by hemisphere - left somatosensory ROI: auditory r = 0.24 P < 0.05, tactile r = 0.07 P = 0.25, audio-tactile r = 0.1 P = 0.15 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | and against perception, significant correlations ONLY with the auditory masks, with the tactile left-hemisphere mask at P = 0.07 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | THE RESULT EXISTS INSIDE A WINDOW OF ANALYSIS SIZE: the auditory mask needs more than 130 voxels, the tactile mask 50 to 200 beyond which MORE VOXELS WEAKEN IT, the audio-tactile mask only 300 to 350 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | stated as a limit - parietal representations are sensitive to ROI size and voxel inclusion criteria where temporal ones are robust to the same criteria Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| finding | THE artifact IS ELIMINATED BY A PARAMETRIC SWEEP: ROIs eroded by 2 mm, 4 mm and 10 mm, with the auditory-mask result surviving all three Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[20] |
| finding | with four separate design decisions listed against the same confound - 2 mm isotropic voxels, no volumetric smoothing, surface-space filtering, conservative borders Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[21] |
| finding | AND THE SPATIAL ARGUMENT IS TURNED AROUND: the significant parietal subdivisions are not the ones closest to auditory cortex, as a partial-volume account would require Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[22] |
| finding | the tactile stimuli were confirmed inaudible - chance performance, 0.49, without physical contact with the stimulator Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[23] |
| finding | and the vibrating-earbud account is refuted by SOMATOTOPY - cutaneous drive in the ear canal would confine the response to the ear representation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[24] |
| finding | A LOAD-BEARING COMPARISON WHOSE EVIDENCE IS NOT IN THE PAPER: matched-frequency tactile stimulation gave profiles that clearly differed from the sound profiles, DATA NOT SHOWN Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[25] |
| finding | ONE CONTROL EXPERIMENT ANSWERING TWO OBJECTIONS: air-conduction headphones remove the earbud account, and that session involved no touch, removing the learned-association account Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[26] |
| finding | TWO NEGATIVE CONTROLS, ACROSS REGIONS AND WITHIN: visual cortex patterns do not correlate with the perceptual geometry Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[27] |
| finding | and voxels that DEACTIVATED in the localizer carry no relationship to auditory stimulus frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[28] |
| finding | THE TWO SIDES COME FROM DIFFERENT SESSIONS - the cortical dissimilarity measures were compared to perceptual dissimilarity judgments tested offline and averaged over subjects, because the discrimination scans did not permit a sensitive analysis of auditory discrimination performance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[29] |
| finding | somatosensory ROI dissimilarity against frequency: auditory mask r = 0.40, tactile r = 0.24, audio-tactile r = 0.25, all significant bilaterally Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[30] |
| finding | with the higher somatosensory dissimilarity attributed to noisier patterns, and temporal patterns called qualitatively more reliable Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[31] |
| finding | the somatosensory frequency profile is bimodal with a peak at 75 Hz, THE LOWEST TESTED FREQUENCY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[32] |
| finding | and the stimulus set was built to exclude two confounds at once - no harmonically related frequencies, and a 5% jitter on loudness-matched amplitudes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[33] |
| finding | the proposed route is a history of co-activation, with the falsifiable consequence that parietal regions should respond only to the band shared with touch Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[34] |
| finding | and the association may be FEATURE-SPECIFIC - frequency shared between the senses where stimulus duration appears to rely on modality-dedicated circuits Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[35] |
| finding | explicit frequency tuning in somatosensory cortex remains elusive, and whether auditory information is carried there by a temporal code is unknown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[36] |
| finding | and fMRI's temporal resolution cannot say whether the parietal auditory responses are feedforward or feedback Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[37] |
| quantity | Ten — participants in the main fMRI experiment Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 75, 130, 195, 270, and 355 Hz — the five non-harmonically-related pure tones used as auditory stimuli Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | mean d ’ = 5.89 — participants' sensitivity in detecting oddball events during the scans Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 37 and 54 clusters — left- and right-hemisphere clusters showing significant auditory responses under the auditory localizer mask Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | mean r = 0.40, W = 54, P < 0.005 — relationship between frequency distance and activation-pattern dissimilarity in the bilateral somatosensory ROI with the auditory localizer mask Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | mean r = 0.41, W = 55, P < 0.001 — correlation between the perceptual dissimilarity matrix and the somatosensory-ROI cortical dissimilarity matrix with the auditory mask Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | mean r = 0.83, W = 21, P < 0.05 — relationship between perceptual similarity ratings and absolute frequency differences between tones Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 0.49 ± 0.012 — chance-level tactile detection rate when subjects had no physical contact with the stimulator, confirming the tactile stimuli were inaudible Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 130 voxels — ROI size the eroded somatosensory region had to exceed before perceptual-cortical correlations reached significance with the auditory mask Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | r = 0.24 ... r = 0.07 ... r = 0.1 — the same somatosensory data analysed with three different localizer masks - one significant, two not, so the mask decides whether there is a finding Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 130 ... 50 and 200 ... 300–350 — the ROI sizes at which each mask yields a significant brain-perception correlation, with the tactile mask WEAKENING beyond its window - a result that exists only inside an analysis-size range Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 10 mm — the most extreme erosion of the parieto-temporal border at which the auditory-mask result still holds - a parametric sweep on the artifact rather than a single control Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 0.49 — detection of the tactile stimulator without physical contact - chance, which is what licenses treating the vibrations as inaudible Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 75 Hz — the second peak of the somatosensory frequency profile, and also the lowest frequency tested - so the profile's shape is bounded by the design Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| variable | frequency content (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | perceived similarity (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | stimulus amplitude (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | dissimilarity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | ROI Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | mask Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | Head motion parameters (covariate) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | drift parameters (covariate) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| definition | cortical dissimilarity matrix (DM) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | eroded ROI Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | somatosensory regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | auditory regions of interest Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | oddball event Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | dissimilarity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | erosion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | partial volume Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | localizer Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| key-terms | frequency, auditory, tactile, somatosensory, parietal, temporal, localizer, mask, voxel, ROI, erosion, partial volume, representational similarity, dissimilarity, perception, perceptual, BOLD, fMRI, modality, operculum, hemisphere, visual, vibration, headphones, somatotopic, spike timing, feedforward, threshold, control |
| general linear model GLM | as written: general linear models (GLM) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| t-test t | as written: paired t -tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| ANOVA | as written: one way repeated-measures ANOVA with subject as random factor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| multiple-comparison correction (false discovery rate) q | as written: false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q < 0.05 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| correlation (Pearson) r | as written: Pearson correlation between each pairwise combination of activity vectors Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| correlation (Spearman rank) r | as written: calculating Spearman correlations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| Wilcoxon signed-rank test W | as written: one-sample non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| bootstrap | as written: non-parametric bootstrapping procedure (1000 permutations) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| confidence interval 95% CI | as written: 95% confidence intervals for the Spearman correlations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| signal detection sensitivity (d-prime) d ’ | as written: mean d ’ = 5.89; 95% CI [4.84, 6.93] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| Dice coefficient (spatial overlap) | as written: Dice coefficients: AvsT = 0.17; AvsAT = 0.46; TvsAT = 0.42 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| representational similarity analysis RSA | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[11] |
| Wilcoxon signed-rank tests | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[12] |
| Spearman correlation | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[13] |
| FDR corrected | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[14] |
| claim type | existence — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: existence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | three independent localizer masks - auditory, tactile, audio-tactile - used to select voxels, so that which mask defines the data becomes itself the hypothesis test — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: fmri Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | temporal frequency processing shared by audition and touch, traditionally described as segregated into separate parietal and temporal systems — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: auditory frequency representation in somatosensory cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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