phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | working memory and learning in posterior parietal cortex— “More recently, involvement of posterior parietal cortex in other cognitive functions such as working memory and task learning has become evident.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “These findings demonstrate the importance of posterior parietal cortex in brain networks mediating working memory and learning.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We will provide a brief overview of these functions next, and focus on the latter two for the remainder of this review.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Working memory has traditionally been ascribed to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but a wealth of recent research demonstrates that posterior parietal cortex is not only activated during working memory, but that inactivation of, or damage to posterior parietal regions can cause specific working memory deficits.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “During working memory, posterior parietal neurons continue to discharge and to represent stimuli that are no longer present. This activation resembles the responses of prefrontal neurons, although important differences have been identified in terms of the ability to resist stimulation by distracting stimuli, which is more evident in the… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “During working memory, posterior parietal neurons continue to discharge and to represent stimuli that are no longer present. This activation resembles the responses of prefrontal neurons, although important differences have been identified in terms of the ability to resist stimulation by distracting stimuli, which is more evident in the… | |
| transfer | from cognitive psychology: Baddeley's four-subsystem model of working memory, imported as the framework for describing what is held and manipulated— “Recent models propose four subsystems of working memory, a “central executive,” responsible for controlling and coordinating information through “slave” systems called the visual-spatial sketchpad for manipulation of visual objects, the phonological loop for verbal rehearsal, and the latest addition, an episodic buffer, that allows for… | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from statistical physics: attractor dynamics, used to describe how a recurrent network holds a state— “Reverberatory networks, when left unperturbed, will settle into an attractor state defined by a stereotyped pattern of activity within the network ( Hopfield, 1982 ). Attractor models may undergo spontaneous oscillations, although network instantiations have also been shown to be capable of mediating sustained responses without oscillatory… | transfers[1] |
| transfer | from clinical neurology: the neglect syndrome, the signature deficit after parietal damage and the original evidence for parietal function— “Perhaps the signature effect of PPC damage is the neglect syndrome, typically occurring after a lesion in the right hemisphere. Disturbances include the inability to detect an object in the contralateral (left) visual hemifield (egocentric neglect) or to perceive the left side of objects, regardless of where they appear within the visual… | transfers[2] |
| mechanism | Delay-period activity is sustained because reciprocally connected pyramidal neurons re-excite each other, so discharges keep reverberating around the recurrent circuit after the stimulus is gone.— “Reverberating activity within recurrent circuits is a characteristic of this type of architecture: pyramidal neurons form reciprocal, excitatory connections between them and transmit action potentials to each other so that, even when the original stimulus is no longer present, discharges continue to reverberate in the network.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Slow postsynaptic receptors (NMDA) keep the postsynaptic cell excited long enough for sparse presynaptic inputs to accumulate, which is what allows low-firing-rate cortical neurons to sustain reverberation.— “Given the fairly low firing rate of cortical pyramidal neurons, postsynaptic receptors with fairly slow time constants are essential for this function.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Damage to spatial working memory nodes destroys the record of which locations have already been searched, and that failure of book-keeping in the good hemifield compounds the failure to attend to the contralesional one.— “These studies support the idea that when important nodes in the spatial working memory network are compromised or deafferented, an inability to keep track of previously searched locations in the ipsilateral hemifield may contribute to the failure to attend to the contralateral one ( Driver, 2002 ; Malhotra, 2005 ).” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | Parietal episodic-memory deficits arise because bottom-up processes no longer capture attention toward internally stored memories, so unprompted recall misses details that a top-down cue can still retrieve.— “Episodic memory deficits described in free recall tasks may be attributed to a failure of bottom up processes to capture attention, a phenomenon termed “memory neglect” ( Cabeza, 2008 ; Cabeza, Ciaramelli, Olson, & Moscovitch, 2008 ).” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | sustained activity is modelled as reverberation in recurrent excitatory loops that keeps firing after the stimulus is gone— “Reverberating activity within recurrent circuits is a characteristic of this type of architecture: pyramidal neurons form reciprocal, excitatory connections between them and transmit action potentials to each other so that, even when the original stimulus is no longer present, discharges continue to reverberate in the network.” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | the slow NMDA receptor is proposed as the element that lets sparse pyramidal firing sustain itself— “A critical property revealed by models is that discharges can be sustained if the postsynaptic neuron continues to be in an excited state at the time presynaptic inputs accumulate. Given the fairly low firing rate of cortical pyramidal neurons, postsynaptic receptors with fairly slow time constants are essential for this function. The NMDA… | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | such networks settle into attractor states, with or without oscillation depending on the instantiation— “Reverberatory networks, when left unperturbed, will settle into an attractor state defined by a stereotyped pattern of activity within the network ( Hopfield, 1982 ). Attractor models may undergo spontaneous oscillations, although network instantiations have also been shown to be capable of mediating sustained responses without oscillatory… | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | spiking may not be the only carrier - intracellular and synaptic mechanisms are left open— “These models emphasize the importance of spiking mechanisms as a means for the maintenance of working memory, however it is possible that intracellular and synaptic mechanisms may also play a role” | mechanisms[7] |
| mechanism | training changes what parietal neurons are selective for: colour selectivity appears when colour becomes task-relevant | mechanisms[8] |
| qualifies | the tradition assigning working memory to prefrontal cortex alone Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| critiques | attempts to map Baddeley's working memory subsystems onto brain regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| critiques | the cross-species area nomenclature inherited from the pioneering anatomists Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| supports | reverberatory recurrent-network accounts of sustained delay activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| reconciles | prefrontal and parietal accounts of delay activity, by assigning them different roles in one network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| sense | working memory and short-term memory name the SAME system; the newer term marks an emphasis on manipulation rather than storage, not a different referent Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | posterior parietal cortex has no single delineation: Brodmann, von Economo-Koskinas and von Bonin-Bailey each name the same tissue differently, and areas 39 and 40 exist in the human scheme but not the monkey one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | central executive, visual-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop are FUNCTIONAL units of a psychological model, explicitly not anatomical ones Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | egocentric and allocentric are two frames of reference, the second phylogenetically recent and late-developing in humans Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | this record is a REVIEW - every finding in it is another paper's, and the quotes are the reviewers' summary rather than a primary report Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| differs in | attempts to map Baddeley's working memory subsystems onto brain regions — THE AXIS IS FUNCTIONAL VERSUS ANATOMICAL INDIVIDUATION. 'these working memory subsystems refer to functional rather than anatomical units ... For example, the prefrontal cortex seems a logical functional neural analogue to the central executive. However, physiological evidence indicates that prefrontal neurons in area 46 represent spatial and ob[ject information].' The mapping from a model component to a brain region is denied as an identity while kept as an analogy. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| audit | posterior parietal cortex —distinct-from→ prefrontal cortex — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'parietal cortex' / 'frontal cortical neurons', not the two full names. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | posterior parietal cortex —distinct-from→ prefrontal cortex — CRITERION: parietal memory activity is overwritten by an intervening distractor and prefrontal activity is not. The two are indistinguishable on the usual measure - see the identical-percentages finding - and separated by this one manipulation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | working memory —same-as→ short-term memory — SAME REFERENT, different emphasis - the paper says outright that the newer term does not name a different system. Neither synonymy by fiat nor a renaming across fields: a reframing Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | working memory —same-as→ short-term memory — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | visual-spatial sketchpad —operationalised-as→ posterior parietal cortex — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PPC activity 'COULD PROVIDE a physiological correlate' to the sketchpad; operationalised-as is hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | visual-spatial sketchpad —operationalised-as→ posterior parietal cortex — OFFERED IN THE CONCLUSION AND HEDGED ('could provide'). The body of the same paper denies this mapping at the level of the region pair - see the mapping-declined limitation. Weight kept low deliberately Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| weight | visual-spatial sketchpad —operationalised-as→ posterior parietal cortex — 0.4 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | RETRACTED (NEITHER ENDPOINT IS ATTESTED AS WRITTEN) · area 7a —part-of→ posterior parietal cortex — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'parietal areas 7a and LIP', not 'posterior parietal cortex'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| retracted | RETRACTED (NEITHER ENDPOINT IS ATTESTED AS WRITTEN) · area 7a —part-of→ posterior parietal cortex — NEITHER ENDPOINT IS ATTESTED AS WRITTEN. The edge is 'area 7a --part-of--> posterior parietal cortex'. The span: 'PARIETAL AREAS 7A…' The paper writes 'parietal areas 7a and LIP'; the edge writes 'area 7a' and 'posterior…'. THE CONTAINMENT IS TRUE OF THE FIELD - 7a is a posterior parietal area - AND THE SPAN NEVER SAYS IT, which is the commonest fault in this corpus and one this edge shares with the 66 expanded-endpoint rows measured this hour. Predates the endpoint check and would be refused today. Found by the neighbour query. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · LIP —part-of→ posterior parietal cortex — RE-GROUNDED. The old span compared prefrontal and parietal neurons without naming LIP's container. This sentence names both: working memory activity 'in the posterior parietal…' described as 'discharges in monkey AREA LIP'. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| audit | spectral power —operationalised-as→ selective attention — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attention and maintenance were CHARACTERIZED BY decreased 5-10 Hz power; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| note | spectral power —operationalised-as→ selective attention — a decrease at 5-10 Hz distinguishes attending from remembering, in trained animals Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| weight | spectral power —operationalised-as→ selective attention — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The review's physiological coverage is restricted to areas LIP and 7a rather than the whole of posterior parietal cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The evidence base lacks direct multi-area comparisons in monkeys, so functional differences between parietal areas are not firmly established. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The monkey-to-human mapping of parietal subdivisions that the review relies on is unresolved. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the correspondence between monkey and human parietal areas remains unclear, because few studies compare several areas directly Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | competing naming schemes and areas present in one species' atlas but not the other have impeded functional correspondence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the boundary of the region itself is defined loosely, by sulci Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | the psychological subsystems of working memory are functional units and should not be read as brain regions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Parietal memory-related activity is disrupted by intervening distractors and represents whichever stimulus appeared most recently, relevant or not. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The proportion of neurons showing working-memory activity is essentially the same in parietal areas 7a and LIP as in prefrontal areas 46 and FEF. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Area 7a neurons hold the remembered location of a visual stimulus even when no motor response to it is planned, so the signal is mnemonic rather than motor-preparatory. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Attending to and holding a stimulus in working memory was marked by distinct firing patterns, notably lower spectral power at 5-10 Hz. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Colour selectivity in posterior parietal neurons, normally low, increases once colour becomes the cue that signifies which eye movement to make. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | TMS during the delay period slows responses whether applied over prefrontal or parietal cortex, but TMS during the decision period impairs performance only over prefrontal cortex. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Monkeys trained on a salience-detection task signal the target faster and with more discriminable activity than untrained monkeys, although the overall response pattern is unchanged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Imaging meta-analysis places area 7 in every executive component of working memory tested - ordering, updating and manipulating items - as well as in spatial content. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | parietal and prefrontal cortex show virtually identical proportions of neurons with working memory responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | parietal delay activity is overwritten by an intervening distractor; prefrontal activity is not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | TMS over prefrontal cortex disrupted the decision phase of a memory task while TMS over parietal cortex did not Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | cooling either PPC or PFC profoundly affects the output of neurons in the other Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | parietal neurons acquire colour selectivity when colour becomes task-relevant, having had little before Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | trained animals' parietal neurons signalled the target faster and more discriminably than naive animals' Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | attention and memory maintenance were characterized by a fall in 5-10 Hz spectral power Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | two patients with frontal lesions and no neglect still failed spatial working memory, dissociating the two deficits Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | the Corsi task was modified to put all items on the vertical midline, removing the attentional bias from the memory measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | MAPPING DECLINED: the parietal-prefrontal specialisation does not correspond to Baddeley's subsystems, since both regions do visual-spatial and executive work Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| finding | MAPPING OFFERED, HEDGED: the conclusion nonetheless proposes parietal activity as a possible correlate of the visual-spatial sketchpad Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[18] |
| finding | alternative accounts of what sustained prefrontal activity represents are listed without adjudication Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[19] |
| quantity | 5 cm — the distance from the face within which "ultranear" VIP neurons encode a visual stimulus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 5–10 Hz — the frequency band in which spectral power of parietal spike trains drops during attention and working-memory maintenance after training Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 5-10 Hz — the band whose power falls during attention and memory maintenance after training Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | areas 5, 7, 40 and 39 — the human Brodmann areas making up posterior parietal cortex, two of which have no monkey counterpart Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | four — subsystems in the current Baddeley model, all functional rather than anatomical Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| variable | distracting stimuli Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | delay period Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| variable | spectral power Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| definition | working memory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | chunking Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | set shifting Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | Balint's syndrome Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | memory simultanagnosia Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | sensorimotor transformations Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | selective attention Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | working memory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| definition | short-term memory Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[8] |
| definition | chunking Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[9] |
| definition | set shifting Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[10] |
| definition | neglect Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[11] |
| definition | attractor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[12] |
| key-terms | posterior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, working memory, short-term memory, area 7a, LIP, visual-spatial sketchpad, central executive, neglect, chunking, set shifting, intraparietal sulcus |
| concept | neglect — not defined in this paper's own words; the signature deficit after parietal damage Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[13] |
| concept | set shifting — rule updating under changing task demands Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[15] |
| meta-analysis | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| claim type | existence — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: existence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | narrative review of monkey single-unit recording, human imaging, lesion and stimulation studies; no new data — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: review Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | sustained neuronal discharge representing a stimulus that is no longer present — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: working memory and learning in posterior parietal cortex Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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