phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | long-term subliminal influence on delayed decision-making— “We asked if humans can rapidly integrate and store novel relational information (e.g. “person X is a manager”, see Fig. 1a ) from subliminal messages for later use in a decision-making situation (e.g. “guess the income of X”).” | |
| claim-type | existence— “This is unprecedented evidence of the longevity and impact of subliminal messages on conscious, rational decision-making.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We ran two experiments to test whether subliminal stimulus pairs would affect delayed decision-making ( Figure 1a ).” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “We speculated that subliminal messages might affect delayed decision-making especially if messages contain several pieces of novel information that must be relationally bound in long-term memory.” | |
| mechanism | multi-item subliminal displays force relational binding, which recruits the hippocampus; hippocampal plasticity encodes the relation in a single exposure and holds it for the long term— “Relational encoding of multiple stimuli engages hippocampus ( Henke et al., 1997 ; Duss et al. , 2014 ), which learns rapidly and stores relations for long term due to its exceptional plasticity ( McClelland et al. , 1995 ).” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | single familiar items are processed by neocortex, which needs many learning trials to lay down a trace, which is why earlier subliminal priming effects decayed within a second or accumulated only slowly— “It is known that the processing of single items engages neocortex ( Henke et al., 1997 ; Duss et al. , 2014 ), which forms long-term memory traces rather slowly over many learning trials ( McClelland et al. , 1995 ).” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | The proposed route is relational binding in the hippocampal system, which can encode novel relations rapidly and hold them durably— “Relational binding engages the hippocampal memory system, which can rapidly encode and durably store novel relations.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | That predicts the opposite of the usual expectation - subliminal effects should last longer when the material is novel and must be bound, not when it is familiar and repeated— “These studies suggest that subliminal messages are only slowly stored and might not be stored at all if they provide novel, unfamiliar information.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | In the second experiment the same logic is applied to word meaning: a subliminal German word must be decoded and linked to a foreign word for the later judgement to work— “Hence, the meaning of subliminal German words was decoded, linked to foreign words, and stored to influence lexical–semantic decisions 20 min following subliminal encoding.” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | Awareness is ruled out four ways rather than one: interview, two objective tests, Bayes factors, and a regression on residual awareness— “We further performed a multiple regression analysis to assess whether potential awareness of faces or occupations predicted decision accuracy in the main experiment, and to estimate whether accuracy remained above chance level if the theoretical awareness in both tests is 0 (i.e., whether the intercept is significant).” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | A stricter check: removing every participant whose awareness score deviated from chance in either direction, and confirming the effect survives— “In a final step, we excluded those participants from the analysis of the data from the main experiment, who tended to perform above or below chance level in either of the two awareness tests (12 participants exhibited an awareness score with a binomial probability of P < 20%).” | mechanisms[6] |
| builds-on | Duss et al. (2011) subliminal masking paradigm— “We used a well-established paradigm to render stimuli invisible ( Duss et al. , 2011 ).” | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Greenwald et al. (1995) regression method for estimating awareness-independent subliminal effects— “This method was brought forward by Greenwald et al. (1995) .” | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | prevailing views that consciousness is a precondition for information integration, relational learning and decision-making (Tononi, 2004; Shanks, 2010; Newell and Shanks, 2014)— “The finding that subliminally processed information is rapidly integrated and stored to guide delayed decisions challenges prevailing views of the cognitive function of consciousness.” | claim_relations[2] |
| critiques | the view that subliminal effects decay within a second and are therefore harmless— “Subliminal manipulation is often considered harmless because its effects typically decay within a second.” | claim_relations[3] |
| critiques | the assumption that subliminal messages are stored only slowly and not at all when novel— “These studies suggest that subliminal messages are only slowly stored and might not be stored at all if they provide novel, unfamiliar information.” | claim_relations[4] |
| extends | Dienes on using Bayes factors to test whether a null can be accepted— “We, therefore, calculated Bayes factors for the two t -tests following the recommendations provided in Dienes (2008 , 2014 ).” | claim_relations[5] |
| extends | Greenwald et al.'s regression method for separating subliminal influence from residual awareness— “This method was brought forward by Greenwald et al. (1995) .” | claim_relations[6] |
| sense | a non-significant awareness test - as ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE: the test may simply have been too insensitive, which proves nothing— “However, the nonsignificant tests do not reveal whether participants were truly unaware (i.e. whether H0 can be accepted), or whether our tests were not sensitive enough to detect awareness.” | senses[0] |
| sense | a non-significant awareness test - as EVIDENCE OF ABSENCE: a Bayes factor below one third, which is what Experiment 1 obtained— “Both factors were below 1/3, indicating substantial evidence for the null hypothesis, i.e. that participants were not aware of the masked stimuli.” | senses[1] |
| sense | the same test in Experiment 2 - INCONCLUSIVE: a factor near one, favouring neither hypothesis, and reported rather than glossed— “The resulting factor for the awareness test (mean accuracy = 1.3% above chance level, SE = 1.16%) was 1.14, which suggests that the test was not sensitive enough to reject stimulus awareness.” | senses[2] |
| sense | subliminal effect - the received view: decays within about a second, which is why it is thought harmless— “Subliminal manipulation is often considered harmless because its effects typically decay within a second.” | senses[3] |
| sense | subliminal effect - as found here: undiminished at 25 minutes compared with 15, for novel relational material | senses[4] |
| control | twenty additional faces paired with CONSONANT STRINGS and presented subliminally as a control condition - AND THE PAPER MARKS IT '(not reported)' — absent-declared-unreported — rules out that the long-term preference follows from subliminal exposure to ANY paired string rather than to the message - consonant strings carry no meaning, and the paper marks the condition '(not reported)' in its own parentheses | controls[0] |
| audit | subliminal —causes→ long-term memory — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says new associations were stored long-term; causes is loose. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | subliminal —causes→ long-term memory — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | masked —operationalised-as→ subliminal — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the masked stimuli are reported as not seen; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| edge | prior distribution —part-of→ Bayes factors Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| edge | decision accuracy —contrasted-with→ chance level Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| audit | face–occupation pairs —operationalised-as→ relational binding — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the face-occupation pairs are the experiment's stimuli; 'relational binding' as their operationalisation is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[7] |
| audit | unconscious processing —same-as→ subliminal — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span concludes effects came from unconscious processing; same-as 'subliminal' is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| weight | unconscious processing —same-as→ subliminal — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — absent-declared-unreported | controls[0] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The paradigm cannot establish what kind of memory was formed - precise semantic relations or only fuzzy semantic/affective associations. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | In experiment 2 the Bayes analysis of the awareness test was inconclusive, so true unawareness of the subliminal words was not established. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The awareness test for experiment 2 may simply have been insensitive rather than showing absence of awareness. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Awareness was not probed trial-by-trial during the main experiments, so brief awareness of some stimuli cannot be excluded. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The authors state plainly that a non-significant awareness test does not establish unawareness, and this is why they compute Bayes factors Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | In Experiment 2 that check came back inconclusive and is reported as such - awareness could not be excluded Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | The conclusion for Experiment 2 is therefore explicitly left open on the awareness question Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | The regression method used to separate awareness from effect is cited together with the criticism of it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | The effects are a few percentage points above chance in both experiments Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| limitation | The Experiment 2 effect rests on a p just under .05 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Faces that had been subliminally paired with high- or low-wage occupations were later consciously rated as high or low earners at 53.97% accuracy, above the 50% chance level. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Subliminally encoded semantic associations still steered conscious decisions almost thirty minutes later. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The subliminal effect was no weaker after a 25-minute delay than after 15 minutes, so it did not measurably decay over that range. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Subliminally presented pseudoword-translation pairs let participants judge later whether a foreign word matched a synonym of its translation, at 52.7% accuracy versus 50% chance. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Objective forced-choice tests in experiment 1 gave substantial Bayesian evidence that participants could not perceive the masked faces or occupations. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | In experiment 2 the Bayes factor of 1.14 was inconclusive, so the awareness test there could not rule stimulus awareness out. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Accuracy in the awareness test did not predict decision accuracy in the main experiment. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Lasting unconscious relational memories formed from only one or two subliminal encoding episodes in participants naive to the manipulation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | subliminal face-occupation pairs shifted income judgements above chance almost half an hour later Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | the effect was no weaker at 25 minutes than at 15 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | subliminally presented foreign vocabulary supported later match/mismatch judgements at 52.7% against a 50% baseline Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | Bayes factors gave substantial support for genuine unawareness in Experiment 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | the same analysis was inconclusive in Experiment 2, so awareness could not be excluded there Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | the effect survived removing every participant whose awareness score departed from chance in either direction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| quantity | 53.97% — mean accuracy of income decisions about subliminally primed faces in experiment 1 (chance = 50%) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 52.7% — mean accuracy of match/mismatch translation decisions in experiment 2 (chance = 50%) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 50% — chance-level performance on the objective face-awareness forced-choice test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | 1.14 — Bayes factor for the experiment-2 awareness test, in the inconclusive range Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 46 — number of analysed participants in experiment 1 after exclusions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 23 women and 11 men — composition of the analysed experiment-2 sample (34 participants) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 40 — number of face–word pairs encoded subliminally in experiment 1, one encoding episode each Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | 48 encoding episodes for 24 pseudoword–word pairs — experiment 2 encoding load: each pair shown in two nonadjacent subliminal episodes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 53.97% — Experiment 1 decision accuracy, about four points above the 50% baseline Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 52.7% — Experiment 2 accuracy, under three points above baseline Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 0.16 and 0.14 — Bayes factors supporting genuine unawareness in Experiment 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 1.14 — the Experiment 2 Bayes factor - close to 1, favouring neither hypothesis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 15 and 25 min — the two retention intervals across which the effect held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | 12 participants — those removed in the strict re-analysis for deviating from chance on an awareness test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| variable | encoding-test interval (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| variable | mean decision accuracy (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | accuracy in the awareness test (covariate) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | mean logarithmic word frequency (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | character count (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| definition | sandwich masking Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | indirect (implicit) memory test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | 'deliberation without attention' effect Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | Bayes factor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | relational binding Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| key-terms | subliminal, relational binding, hippocampal memory system, long-term memory, masked, decision accuracy, chance level, awareness test, Bayes factors, retention intervals, lexical–semantic decisions, unconscious processing |
| t-test t | as written: two-tailed t -test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| confidence interval 95% CI | as written: 95% CI [51.25, 56.96] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| Bayes factor BF | as written: Bayes factors Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| prior distribution | as written: half-normal prior distribution with a mode of 0 and a standard deviation of 3.97% Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| multiple regression β | as written: multiple regression analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| Bayes factor | as written: BF Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| t-test | as written: two-tailed t -test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| confidence interval | as written: 95% CI Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| multiple regression | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| effect size | as written: r Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| binomial probability | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[10] |
| phenomenon | long-term subliminal influence on delayed decision-making — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: long-term subliminal influence on delayed decision-making Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
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