phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | tonotopic organization of an inhibitory auditory brainstem nucleus— “We analyzed the topographic organization of response features of neurons in the SON of chickens.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “These analyses led to three main conclusions: 1) sound frequency is linearly arranged from dorsal (low frequencies) to ventral (high frequencies) in SON; 2) this tonotopic organization is less precise than the organization of the excitatory nuclei in the chicken auditory brainstem; and 3) neurons with different response patterns to pure tone… | |
| method — evidence | — “By using in vivo single- and multiple-unit recordings we classified the characteristic frequency (CF), frequency selectivity, threshold, and response patterns of SON neurons.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “The goal of the current study is to analyze the topographic organization of 1) sound frequency and 2) physiologically identified cell types. Specifically, is the tonotopic organization of the brainstem auditory pathway preserved in the SON?” | |
| research question — evidence | — “The goal of the current study is to analyze the topographic organization of 1) sound frequency and 2) physiologically identified cell types. Specifically, is the tonotopic organization of the brainstem auditory pathway preserved in the SON?” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “These analyses led to three main conclusions: 1) sound frequency is linearly arranged from dorsal (low frequencies) to ventral (high frequencies) in SON; 2) this tonotopic organization is less precise than the organization of the excitatory nuclei in the chicken auditory brainstem; and 3) neurons with different response patterns to pure tone… | |
| transfer | from visual neuroscience: retinotopy as the template for what a sensory map is and why it matters— “Moreover, quantitative maps provide predictive tools to determine the optimal stimulus for a particular neuron based on its location in the tissue. Using this information investigators can 1) relate anatomical, biophysical, and pharmacological characteristics of a neuron to sensory processing based on stimulus selectivity ( Smith and Rubel… | transfers[0] |
| mechanism | SON response patterns are inherited from its nucleus angularis input, which is why sustained and onset types and diverse tuning shapes appear there— “Firing patterns of SON neurons to ipsilateral tones appear to be shaped primarily by the inputs from the NA, one of two main excitatory inputs to the SON.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | the narrow hearing range of the chicken makes the frequency-to-place function linear rather than logarithmic— “This linear relationship, as opposed to a log relationship often observed in auditory centers, is probably a consequence of the limited frequency range of hearing in chickens” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | summation of individually subthreshold spike waveforms raises the apparent threshold of multiple-unit recordings— “This increase reflects multiple-unit recordings with neuronal waveforms that individually were not detected by using our threshold criterion, but summed to form detectable waveforms at higher sound intensities.” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | the broad, non-restricted SON to nucleus laminaris projection supplies the anatomical substrate by which inhibition laterally sharpens frequency tuning— “This projection pattern suggests an anatomical substrate for lateral sharpening of frequency tuning in NL neurons.” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | inhibitory neurons in this system sit in a discrete projection nucleus rather than among principal cells, which is what makes their organisation separable at all— “Inhibitory components of many neuronal circuits comprise interneurons residing alongside principal neurons ( Huang et al., 2007 ). Thus, independent evaluation of the organizing features of these circuit components is difficult. However, in the auditory brainstem, inhibitory neurons often reside in nuclei that project to one or more targets… | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | recording sites are located by electrolytic lesions and electrode tracks, then normalised into a common 3D nucleus so cases can be combined— “To combine data from all 19 reconstructed SONs, locations of the recording sites were converted into normalized distances along three orthogonal axes in the SON (see Materials and Methods). These normalized coordinates allowed all recording sites to be mapped in a standardized SON.” | mechanisms[5] |
| mechanism | PCA is run first because it was unknown whether the map was linear or nonlinear, single or multiple gradients— “Because the presence and arrangement (linear or nonlinear, single or multiple gradients) of the tonotopic organization in SON were unknown, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) on the combined dataset to determine the appropriate dimension(s) to observe the possible tonotopic organization. The first principal component accounted… | mechanisms[6] |
| mechanism | SON inhibition widens dynamic range and sharpens temporal coding for sound localisation— “Inhibition from the SON expands the dynamic range and sharpens temporal coding of auditory neurons to enable sound localization” | mechanisms[7] |
| replicates | Coleman et al., 2011 (previous characterization of the chicken SON)— “These activity patterns, and the relative proportion of each response type are consistent with our previous characterization of the SON in chickens ( Coleman et al., 2011 ).” | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Lachica et al., 1994; Tabor et al., 2011 | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | Rubel and Parks, 1975 (tonotopy of other chicken brainstem auditory nuclei) | claim_relations[2] |
| extends | the tonotopic organisation established for excitatory nuclei of the chicken auditory brainstem Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| confirms | earlier suggestions from owl and chicken that frequency is systematically represented in the SON Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| supports | the group's own earlier characterisation of SON response types and their proportions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| contradicts | the expectation that physiologically distinct SON cell types occupy distinct territories Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[6] |
| sense | tonotopy is treated here as a MATTER OF DEGREE with a measured precision, not as present or absent - the paper's second conclusion is that this map is less precise than others in the same species Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | the map is operationalised as a multiple regression of characteristic frequency on normalised 3D position, reported as r-squared - the same operationalisation Muniak2014 used for mouse DCN Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | characteristic frequency is defined as the frequency with the lowest response threshold, and threshold itself as two SDs above spontaneous rate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | onset versus sustained are response patterns classified from post-stimulus histograms at 20 dB above threshold, and the paper finds they are spatially interspersed rather than segregated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| control | each stimulus presented twenty times in a pseudo-randomised sequence — held — rules out adaptation and order - a fixed sequence would confound the tonotopic response with position in the run Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| note | characteristic frequency —operationalised-as→ response threshold — CF is DEFINED through threshold, and threshold is itself defined as two SDs above spontaneous rate - a two-step operational chain Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| note | onset —contrasted-with→ sustained — and they are spatially interspersed rather than segregated, which is the paper's third conclusion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — threshold comparisons between response types only: CAUTION SHOULD BE USED WHEN COMPARING THRESHOLDS BETWEEN SUSTAINED AND ONSET RESPONDERS BECAUSE THE SPIKE RATE CRITERION USED TO DETERMINE RESPONSE THRESHOLD differs in effect between them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any claim about the origin of SON response properties: WE DID NOT ASSESS THE BINAURAL RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF SON NEURONS, so NL's projection remains an unexplored contribution Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the tonotopic map as a whole-nucleus claim: IN MOST SUBJECTS WE SAMPLED A LIMITED REGION OF THE SON, which is why individual maps had to be combined Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — any use of this map at the precision expected of excitatory nuclei: the paper states its map is the less precise of the two by both error magnitude and its own comparison Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the tonotopic prediction at any single site: ERROR MAGNITUDE (|CF_predicted - CF_measured|) VARIED WIDELY AT EACH POSITION ALONG THE CALCULATED TONOTOPIC AXIS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| duplicate of | limitation — limitations[0] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0] - the threshold criterion may not be equally sensitive across response categories, so between-category threshold comparisons are the affected ones Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison of thresholds between recording types: THRESHOLDS OF MULTIPLE-UNIT RESPONSES TENDED TO BE SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN THE THRESHOLDS OF ISOLATED NEURONAL RESPONSES ... THIS INCREASE REFLECTS ... WAVEFORMS THAT INDIVIDUALLY WERE NOT DETECTED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the spatial claims for suppressed responders: SUPPRESSED RESPONDERS WERE ENCOUNTERED TOO INFREQUENTLY TO ASSESS THEIR SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| for which use | limitation — every position reported in the standardised frame: in most animals only a limited region was sampled, so LOCATIONS OF THE RECORDING SITES WERE CONVERTED INTO NORMALIZED DISTANCES ALONG THREE ORTHOGONAL AXES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| for which use | limitation — the tonotopy claim at the scale a user would apply it: within an isofrequency slice, position carries no information about CF - THE STANDARDIZED SON WAS SLICED INTO FIVE SECTIONS to test exactly this Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Threshold comparisons between sustained and onset responders may not be valid because the spike-rate criterion may not be equally sensitive across response categories. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Binaural response properties of SON neurons were not assessed, so a possible contribution of the nucleus laminaris projection remains unexplored. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | In most animals only a limited region of the SON was sampled, which is why individual maps had to be combined into a standardized SON. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the map is explicitly less precise than in excitatory nuclei of the same species, by both error magnitude and r-squared Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | prediction error varies widely along the tonotopic axis rather than being uniform Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | the threshold criterion may not be equally sensitive across response categories, so between-category threshold comparisons are cautioned against Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | multi-unit thresholds run higher than single-unit thresholds because sub-threshold waveforms sum Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | suppressed responders were too rare to analyse spatially Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| limitation | in most animals only a limited region of the nucleus was sampled, which is why standardisation was needed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[8] |
| limitation | within an isofrequency slice, position carried no information about CF at all Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[9] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | In most reconstructed nuclei characteristic frequency ran along the dorsal-ventral axis, low frequencies dorsally and high frequencies ventrally. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | A linear rather than logarithmic function best described the frequency map in the large majority of individual cases. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The first principal component of the combined dataset accounted for 72% of the variance. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Large prediction errors and a low r2 suggest the SON frequency map is less precise than the tonotopy of other auditory brainstem nuclei in the same species. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Within isofrequency slices the residual scatter in CF was not related to medial-lateral or anterior-posterior position, so the imprecision is not confined to a particular subregion. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Neurons with onset and with sustained response patterns are intermingled throughout the nucleus rather than occupying separate territories. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Each of the two response types forms a complete tonotopic map, and the two maps are arranged similarly. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Sustained responders were more sharply tuned than onset responders. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | characteristic frequency runs linearly from low dorsally to high ventrally in the SON Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | a linear relation fitted 15 of 19 individual nuclei, a log relation two, and two showed none Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | in the best individual case, 85% of CF variation was accounted for by position Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | across the standardised nucleus the fit was significant but not strong, r-squared 0.62 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | the first principal component accounted for 72% of the variance Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | the map is less precise than the tonotopy of other auditory brainstem nuclei in the same species Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| finding | within isofrequency slices, position carried no information about CF Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[14] |
| finding | onset and sustained responders both show a dorsal-low to ventral-high tonotopic organisation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[15] |
| finding | 73% of isolated neurons were sustained, 25% onset and 2% suppressed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[16] |
| finding | sustained responders are more frequency-selective than onset responders Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[17] |
| quantity | 310 multiple-units and 349 isolated neurons; CF 90 to 5,000 Hz — size of the recorded sample and the range of characteristic frequencies encountered Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | Seventy-three percent — proportion of isolated neurons with sustained (primary-like or pauser-like) responses, against 25% onset Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 72% — variance in the combined location-plus-CF dataset captured by the first principal component Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | r 2 = 0.62, P < 0.01 — strength of the linear relation between CF and 3D location in the standardized nucleus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 85% — variation in CF explained by recording location in the best single case Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | 60% — variability in the standardized dataset accounted for by the multilinear regression, taken as the precision of the map Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | CF = 0.01 + 0.32 / + 4.09 v − 0.55 a — the fitted predictive equation giving characteristic frequency in kHz from normalized 3D coordinates Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| quantity | r-squared 0.62 for the standardised nucleus — how much CF variation position accounts for - directly comparable with Muniak2014's 0.87 for mouse DCN, since the operationalisation is the same Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[7] |
| quantity | 85% — the best individual case Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[8] |
| quantity | 72% on the first principal component — how one-dimensional the arrangement is - Muniak2014 reported 75% by the same method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[9] |
| quantity | 310 multiple-units and 349 isolated neurons, CF from 90 to 5,000 Hz — the sample and its frequency span Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[10] |
| quantity | 73% sustained, 25% onset, 2% suppressed — response type proportions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[11] |
| quantity | 12 to 75 sites per animal — sampling density Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[12] |
| quantity | two SDs above spontaneous rate — the stipulated threshold criterion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[13] |
| quantity | two-thirds of peak voltage — the stipulated cut for counting multi-unit events Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[14] |
| variable | Q10 (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | response threshold (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[4] |
| variable | body temperature (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| variable | characteristic frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[6] |
| variable | normalized distances Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[7] |
| variable | response patterns Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[8] |
| variable | normalized medial-lateral coordinate (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[9] |
| variable | normalized dorsal-ventral coordinate axis (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[10] |
| variable | normalized anterior-posterior coordinate (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[11] |
| definition | characteristic frequency (CF) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | response threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | center of mass of recording sites Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | tonotopic map Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| definition | characteristic frequency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[5] |
| definition | response threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[6] |
| definition | Q10 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[7] |
| key-terms | tonotopic, topographic organization, superior olivary nucleus, characteristic frequency, Q10, response threshold, onset, sustained, isofrequency, inhibitory, GABA, nucleus laminaris, nucleus angularis, chicken, brainstem, principal component analysis, MRA, coefficient of determination, 3D reconstruction, sound localization |
| concept | characteristic frequency — the frequency with the lowest response threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | Q10 — not defined in this paper's own words; CF divided by bandwidth 10 dB above threshold, the selectivity measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | response threshold — not defined in this paper's own words; intensity at which rate exceeds spontaneous by two SDs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| regression | as written: Multilinear regression analysis (MRA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| principal component analysis PCA | as written: Principle component analysis (PCA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix | as written: eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| t-test P | as written: Student's t-test or r 2 correlation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| coefficient of determination r 2 | as written: the coefficient of determination (r 2 ) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[4] |
| standard deviation SD | as written: mean ± SD Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[5] |
| multiple regression analysis of CF on 3D position | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[6] |
| principal component analysis | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[7] |
| coefficient of determination | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[8] |
| error magnitude between predicted and measured CF | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[9] |
| method | in vivo single- and multi-unit recording with electrolytic lesion marking, 3D Nissl reconstruction, normalisation to a standardised nucleus, then PCA and multiple regression of CF on position — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | tonotopy in an inhibitory long-range projection nucleus — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: tonotopic organization of an inhibitory auditory brainstem nucleus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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