phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | life and music can be shown but not thought: their representations (genomes, musical scores) are mere representations of obscure realities, and diversification of knowledge paradoxically reduces intelligibility— “Therefore, neither from the outside, in which life can only be shown (and even that, without certitude), nor from the inside (life is invisible for life-determining structures), life seems to be thinkable. “We feel that even if all possible scientific questions be answered, the problems of life have still not been touched at all. Of course… | |
| claim-type | critique— “In the way of thinking of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and even more sharply in his friend and commenter, Moritz Schlick (Schlick, 1936 ), the meaning of the word “life” can only be shown , not understood and consequently not clearly expressed in propositions. It might sound paradoxical to attach to this statement in the age of glory of genomics… | |
| method — evidence | — “The Ludwig Wittgenstein's “ Tractatus logico-philosophicus ,” published in English in 1922 under the guidance of Bertrand Russell, is widely recognized as one of the main post-kantian approaches devoted to explore the possibilities of human knowledge of natural world (Wittgenstein, 1921 ). In its theorem 4.0141, Wittgenstein compares… | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Knowledge in microbiology is reaching an extreme level of diversification and complexity, which paradoxically results in a strong reduction in the intelligibility of microbial life. In our days, the “score of life” metaphor is more accurate to express the complexity of living systems than the classic “book of life.” Music and life can be… | |
| research question — evidence | — “Life is a highly complex system, including the most complex objects in the known universe (Bedau, 1996 ). The genomics revolution has catapulted molecular biology, and particularly microbiology (Westerhoff and Palsson, 2004 ), into the realms of systems biology approaches to complex systems. Such a trend was based on the growing compelling… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Of course the musical metaphor is exploited by the later Wittgenstein of “Last writings on the Philosophy of Psychology” in an identical sense (Wittgenstein, 1949–1951 ; Worth, 1997 ). Music results from a complex dynamic interplay of elements, has not a clear semantic structure and, as the face, produces effects, an experience of meaning… | |
| mechanism | reading the score produces music A general rule (the law of projection) lets an interpreter read a symphony out of a static score, and the same rule inverts to reconstruct the score from the sound on a gramophone record - the internal similarity that makes these transitions possible.— “In the fact that there is a general rule by which the musician is able to read the symphony out of the score, and that there is a rule by which one could reconstruct the symphony from the line on a gramophone record and from this again—by means of the first rule—construct the score, herein lies the internal similarity between these things… | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | law of projection Wittgenstein's rule of translation projects the symphony into the language of the musical score and translates that language into the gramophone record, and runs in reverse.— “In the fact that there is a general rule by which the musician is able to read the symphony out of the score, and that there is a rule by which one could reconstruct the symphony from the line on a gramophone record and from this again—by means of the first rule—construct the score, herein lies the internal similarity between these things… | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | major transition A collection of small parts assembles to produce a qualitatively different larger whole - groove-pattern to music, genes to a bacterial cell, cells to an ecological community.— “Between the groove pattern and the music there is a “major transition,” essentially a qualitative transition. Similarly, between the genes and the life of a bacterial cell, or between cells and the complex living expressions of an ecologically-integrated community of cells, there are major transitions, as those identified by Maynard Smith and… | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | generational representation Reproduction of a bacterial organism or a string quartet depends entirely on its representation (genome or score), while the higher living level leads by selecting the representation.— “The continuous interplay between hierarchical levels is a trade-mark of life (Campbell, 1974 ). Some kind of unity based on reciprocal trans-hierarchical effects occurs there between what is represented and the representation itself. Indeed it is easy to imagine that the life of a particular bacterial organism is to a certain extent… | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | half-thinking, half-seeing Understanding a complex system combines analysis of its representation (half-thinking) with a non-propositional experience of meaning that can only be seen or shown (half-seeing).— “Of course the musical metaphor is exploited by the later Wittgenstein of “Last writings on the Philosophy of Psychology” in an identical sense (Wittgenstein, 1949–1951 ; Worth, 1997 ). Music results from a complex dynamic interplay of elements, has not a clear semantic structure and, as the face, produces effects, an experience of meaning… | mechanisms[4] |
| builds-on | Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus (theorem 4.0141 and the picture theory of representation)— “The Ludwig Wittgenstein's “ Tractatus logico-philosophicus ,” published in English in 1922 under the guidance of Bertrand Russell, is widely recognized as one of the main post-kantian approaches devoted to explore the possibilities of human knowledge of natural world (Wittgenstein, 1921 ). In its theorem 4.0141, Wittgenstein compares… | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Schopenhauer's account of music as a copy of the will (The World as Will and Representation)— “This simultaneous experimentability and unthinkability of music was analyzed in detail by Arthur Schopenhauer, in one of the… | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | Dennis Noble's 'music of life' metaphor Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| builds-on | Maynard Smith and Szathmary's theory of major evolutionary transitions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| contrasts-with | the classic 'book of life' metaphor for the genome Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| recommends | developing complex models of complex systems through convergent, multidisciplinary 'Big Science' Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| sense | reading - human/sequential sense: a text read in one way only, sequentially, involving all characters Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | reading - cellular/genomic sense: genetic texts 'read' by cellular mechanisms in several different ways, each using a different selection of characters while skipping others Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | intelligibility - linguistic-theory sense: the trade-off between hierarchical levels in a shared world (Komarova and Niyogi) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | intelligibility - the authors' epistemological sense: the construction of meaningful (thinkable) models reflecting complex natural systems Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | representation - Wittgenstein's picture sense: a proposition/picture sharing a logical form with the fact it represents Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | representation - Schopenhauer's sense: music as a copy of the will itself, resembling an original reality that cannot be copied Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | representation - biological sense: genomic sequences representing life, meaningful only when a living system is present Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | score - musical sense: the notation from which a symphony can be reconstructed by a general rule (Tractatus 4.0141) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | score - 'score of life' sense: the genomic language, proposed as a better image than the book of life Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | will - Schopenhauer's metaphysical sense: the will itself, of which music is a copy and the Ideas its objectivity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | harmony - sensibility-relative sense: an ordered score follows rules of harmony, yet that harmony may be totally useless for a different sensibility and out of any aesthetic possibility Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| note | Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus (theorem 4.0141 and the picture theory of representation) — The essay takes the Tractatus as its main post-Kantian framework for the limits of knowledge of the natural world. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| weight | Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus (theorem 4.0141 and the picture theory of representation) — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| note | Schopenhauer's account of music as a copy of the will (The World as Will and Representation) — The will represented in music is read as a representation of the will of life. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| weight | Schopenhauer's account of music as a copy of the will (The World as Will and Representation) — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| note | Dennis Noble's 'music of life' metaphor — The essay extends Noble's music-of-life idea to the intelligibility of microbial life. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| weight | Dennis Noble's 'music of life' metaphor — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| note | Maynard Smith and Szathmary's theory of major evolutionary transitions — Major transitions between hierarchical levels frame the score-to-music and genes-to-life passages. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| weight | Maynard Smith and Szathmary's theory of major evolutionary transitions — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| note | the classic 'book of life' metaphor for the genome — The 'score of life' is proposed as a better image of the genomic language. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| weight | the classic 'book of life' metaphor for the genome — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| note | developing complex models of complex systems through convergent, multidisciplinary 'Big Science' — The half-seeing part needs more powerful model tools integrating all the -omics data. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| weight | developing complex models of complex systems through convergent, multidisciplinary 'Big Science' — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| audit | life —is-a→ music — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span quotes a metaphor ('a kind of music'); is-a states it literally. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | life —is-a→ music — Figurative is-a via Noble's metaphor ('a kind of music'); low weight marks the hedge. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| relation | life —is-a→ music — Quoting Noble, life is figuratively cast as a kind of music - a symphonic interplay between genes, cells, organs, body and environment. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| weight | life —is-a→ music — 0.6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | music score —causes→ music — Audit 2026-09-28: RESTORED AND DOUBTFUL - the full span was re-read; kept, but the full span says 'the music score gives rise to music only if interpreters are available' - the relation is stated but only on that condition, which the edge drops; the withdrawal said the span does not say a score causes music. The earlier withdrawal is kept in the record. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| note | music score —causes→ music — Positive production ('gives rise to'); conditional on interpretation, hence not fully flat. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| relation | music score —causes→ music — The music score gives rise to music, but only when an interpreter is available to read the notation and convert it into sounds. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | music score —causes→ music — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | facts —part-of→ world — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span is about propositions; part-of 'world' is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | facts —part-of→ world — Flat categorical composition stated as a Tractatus theorem (the world constituted by the totality of facts). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| relation | facts —part-of→ world — On Wittgenstein's theorem 1.1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | score of life —contrasted-with→ book of life — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the 'score of life' 'could be a better image'; hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| note | score of life —contrasted-with→ book of life — Differentiator stated: sequential single reading versus multiple simultaneous cellular readings. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| relation | score of life —contrasted-with→ book of life — The 'score of life' is contrasted with the classic 'book of life': human texts are read one way only and sequentially, whereas genetic texts are read by cellular mechanisms in several different ways. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | score of life —contrasted-with→ book of life — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| relation | representation → reproduction — Representation and reproduction stand in a cyclic, blind, trans-hierarchical correlation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| weight | representation → reproduction — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| relation | music → the will of life — Music represents the will of life; a common will is shown in both. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[1] |
| weight | music → the will of life — 0.6 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[1] |
| relation | genome → life — The genome represents the life of the organism, but subordinate to what is represented. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[2] |
| weight | genome → life — 0.8 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[2] |
| relation | lower levels → higher levels — Lower hierarchical levels blindly represent higher ones. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[3] |
| weight | lower levels → higher levels — 0.5 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[3] |
| relation | score → genetic language — The music score is the analogue of the genetic language. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[4] |
| weight | score → genetic language — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[4] |
| no type for this | representation → reproduction — A trans-hierarchical cyclic correlation ties representation to reproduction, produced blindly in both senses. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| no type for this | music → the will of life — Reinterpreting Schopenhauer, the will represented in music is a representation of the will of life; a common will is independently perceived in both. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[1] |
| no type for this | genome → life — The life of a particular bacterial organism is, to a certain extent, represented in the organization of its genome, as a Mozart quartet is represented in its score. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[2] |
| no type for this | lower levels → higher levels — It is tempting to propose that the lower levels of the hierarchy blindly 'represent' the higher levels, though the higher levels categorically impose organisations on the lower. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[3] |
| no type for this | score → genetic language — In the central analogy, reading the score corresponds to reading the genetic language, producing music as reading the genome produces life. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[4] |
| limitation | Analysis of scores and genomic sequences yields mechanistic, phylogenetic and evolutionary insight, but not the real dynamics or nature of music and life, which remain unthinkable. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Following Wittgenstein, the meaning of the word 'life' can only be shown, not understood, and consequently cannot be clearly expressed in propositions. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | In the absence of correct interpretation, a music score cannot be differentiated from a random sequence of notes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Systems Biology models are insufficient by themselves for full intelligibility, because deducing models of function from a complex system's behaviour is an inverse problem that is impossible to solve. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | Validating models by comparing them with 'reality' may be a circular problem, since 'reality' can only be defined by models. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Increasing diversification and complexity in microbiology paradoxically results in a strong reduction of the intelligibility of microbial life. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The 'score of life' is a better image of the genomic language than the classic 'book of life', because genetic texts are read by cellular mechanisms in several different ways rather than sequentially. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Both life and music can be shown but not thought; genomic sequences and musical scores are mere representations of these obscure realities. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | A strategy of half-thinking and half-seeing is needed to expand knowledge of complex systems such as life and music. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The epistemological process for complex biological systems has three phases: legibility, imageability, and intelligibility. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| definition | intelligibility Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | score Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | legibility Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | imageability Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | experience of meaning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| concept | intelligibility — not defined in this paper's own words; the possibility of trans-hierarchical understanding; the authors' sense is the construction of thinkable models of complex natural systems Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | complex systems — not defined in this paper's own words; systems such as life or music, composed of thinkable and only showable parts Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | representation — not defined in this paper's own words; a picture/model corresponding to what is represented, necessarily at a different hierarchical level Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | score of life — not defined in this paper's own words; the genome reconceived as a musical score rather than a book - a better image of the genomic language Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | book of life — not defined in this paper's own words; the classic metaphor of the genome as a text/book, read sequentially Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | music score — not defined in this paper's own words; the static written notation that gives rise to music only through an interpreter Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | musical score — not defined in this paper's own words; the series of staves projecting a symphony into a readable language (Tractatus 4.0141) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[6] |
| concept | score — not defined in this paper's own words; written notation, musical or genomic - a static representation read to reproduce music or life Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | music — not defined in this paper's own words; a dynamic phenomenon that can be shown but not thought; the lower-hierarchy analogue of life Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[8] |
| concept | life — not defined in this paper's own words; a highly complex, dynamic system that, following Wittgenstein, can only be shown, not thought Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| concept | genome — not defined in this paper's own words; the genetic-genomic sequence representing a living system, meaningful only when that system is present Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[10] |
| concept | genomic sequences — not defined in this paper's own words; lower-level representations of life, analogous to music scores Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
| concept | metaphor — not defined in this paper's own words; a non-logical epistemological aid scientists use to think about reality Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[12] |
| concept | epistemology — not defined in this paper's own words; the sound grounding that is a prerequisite for modern biology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[13] |
| concept | family resemblances — not defined in this paper's own words; the kinship, revealed in a face, between seeing an aspect and the experience of meaning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[14] |
| concept | experience of meaning — not defined in this paper's own words; a half-thinking perception of fine shades of meaning enabling connection and comparison Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[15] |
| concept | half-thinking, half-seeing — not defined in this paper's own words; the HT-HS strategy combining analysis of representations with non-propositional seeing Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[16] |
| concept | legibility — not defined in this paper's own words; the descriptive level of anatomy/physiology; composition of atomic facts and propositions Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[17] |
| concept | imageability — not defined in this paper's own words; the stage of a holistic, comparable image of a living structure that can be seen or shown Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[18] |
| concept | major transition — not defined in this paper's own words; a qualitative transition where small parts assemble into a different larger whole (Maynard Smith and Szathmary) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[19] |
| concept | law of projection — not defined in this paper's own words; Wittgenstein's rule projecting a symphony into the language of the musical score and back Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[20] |
| concept | Chinese room — not defined in this paper's own words; Searle's situation - an intermediary produces correct responses in an unknown language by rules, without understanding, like a score or genome unaware of its function Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[21] |
| concept | proposition — not defined in this paper's own words; a model of reality; a description of a fact, having sense rather than meaning Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[22] |
| concept | the will of life — not defined in this paper's own words; Schopenhauer's will as the obscure dynamics of life, of which music is a representation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[23] |
| concept | reductionism — not defined in this paper's own words; the question whether understanding life reduces to understanding the genetic-genomic language Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[24] |
| concept | systems biology — not defined in this paper's own words; a computational integrative approach to complex systems, insufficient by itself for full intelligibility Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[25] |
| concept | internal similarity — not defined in this paper's own words; the shared structure between a representation (score, groove) and what it reproduces, despite surface difference Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[26] |
| concept | facts — not defined in this paper's own words; the totality of which constitutes the world (Tractatus 1.1), not things Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[27] |
| concept | world — the totality of facts, not of things Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[28] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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