phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | delay or refusal of vaccination where services are available - a behaviour lying on a continuum between full acceptance and outright refusal, and heterogeneous everywhere between— “Hesitancy is thus set on a continuum between those that accept all vaccines with no doubts, to complete refusal with no doubts, with vaccine hesitant individuals the heterogeneous group between these two extremes” | |
| claim-type | method— “The Working Group concluded that this practical definition of vaccine hesitancy was needed in order to ensure that Immunization Programme Managers, policy makers, clinicians and researchers would consistently use a standard term to cover the broad range of factors causing low vaccination uptake while excluding those not related to… | |
| method — evidence | — “After review of models and much discussion about factors that can influence hesitancy, the WG developed the Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix with factors grouped in three categories: contextual, individual and group and vaccine/vaccination-specific influences ( Table 1). The Matrix includes determinants identified from research studies… | |
| object of study — evidence | — “As review of the literature did not reveal an established definition, the WG, in its early meetings, discussed at some length whether ‘hesitancy’ was the most appropriate word to describe the problem. Concerns were raised that hesitancy has a negative connotation.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “The Working Group concluded that this practical definition of vaccine hesitancy was needed in order to ensure that Immunization Programme Managers, policy makers, clinicians and researchers would consistently use a standard term to cover the broad range of factors causing low vaccination uptake while excluding those not related to… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Following its deliberations, the WG decided upon the following definition: _Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. Vaccine hesitancy is complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency… | |
| mechanism | the paradox the definition has to accommodate: `Immunization programme success may, paradoxically, result in complacency and ultimately, hesitancy`, because the risk of the disease falls out of view as the vaccine works. The determinant is generated by the intervention's own success | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | and the asymmetry that the term must not hide: `When rates of hesitancy are high, levels of demand are low, but low rates of hesitancy do not necessarily mean that demand will be high`. Removing hesitancy does not produce demand, so the two cannot be used as each other's proxy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[1] |
| extends | the '3 Cs' model proposed to the WHO EURO Vaccine Communications Working Group in 2011 - adopted into the definition BECAUSE it was the most readily understandable Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| supports | the Global Vaccine Action Plan's Strategic Objective 2, which asks that communities 'demand immunization as both their right and responsibility' - the definition is written to serve a programme goal, not only to settle a term Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | the treatment of vaccine hesitancy determinants as social determinants of health, whose variables have a fixed direction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| sense | vaccine hesitancy - THE DEFINITION, VERBATIM: `delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services ... complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines ... influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence`. THREE OF THE FOUR CLAUSES ARE HEDGES, and the operative one is `despite availability` Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | `vaccine` versus `vaccination` hesitancy - THE PAPER'S OWN GLOSS SAYS THE CHOSEN NAME IS THE WRONG ONE: the former `implies that the core issue is vaccine related`, the latter `covers a much wider range of factors`, and the group took the former while meaning the latter. THE DEFINING PROPERTY IS A COMMITTEE DECISION, RECORDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | confidence - REJECTED AS THE NAME AND KEPT AS A COMPONENT. `The most commonly offered alternative in the literature`, `a more positive word`, refused because it is `still narrow in scope covering only one category of factors` - and then installed as one of the three Cs inside the definition it lost to Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | confidence, the component - `defined as trust in (i) the effectiveness and safety of vaccines; (ii) the system that delivers them ...; and (iii) the motivations of policy-makers`. Two of the three objects of that trust are institutions, not vaccines Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | vaccine acceptance / uptake - EXCLUDED AS NAMES because `neither captured the concept breadth`, with the worked reason given: `one might accept a vaccine but delay in accepting it`. A term rejected for being satisfiable by the wrong case Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | hesitancy determinants - EXPLICITLY NOT SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: `education and socio-economic status do not influence hesitancy in only one direction`, whereas as a social determinant `education drives in one direction`. A variable whose sign is not fixed cannot be used the way the neighbouring literature uses it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| control | whether the Matrix had missed any determinant - the paper checks it against a commissioned systematic review and a commissioned managers' survey — partial Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out little, and the reason is visible in the Matrix's own construction: it was built from research studies, WG field experience and expert discussion, which overlaps the sources it is then checked against. The paper reports the check and claims no independence for it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| control | whether low uptake caused by system failure is being counted as hesitancy — failed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out the confound in principle - 'in these situations hesitancy is not the main explanation' - but no procedure is given for telling them apart in a real population, and the conclusions repeat the warning rather than resolving it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[1] |
| control | whether hesitancy and demand can be treated as one quantity — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out the identification, by a stated asymmetry: high hesitancy implies low demand, and low hesitancy DOES NOT imply high demand Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[2] |
| control | whether 'confidence' would have served as the name, tested against scope rather than against sentiment — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out the alternative term - it covers 'only one category of factors' - though the objection raised against 'hesitancy' itself, its negative connotation, is recorded and never answered Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[3] |
| weight | the '3 Cs' model proposed to the WHO EURO Vaccine Communications Working Group in 2011 - adopted into the definition BECAUSE it was the most readily understandable — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| weight | the Global Vaccine Action Plan's Strategic Objective 2, which asks that communities 'demand immunization as both their right and responsibility' - the definition is written to serve a programme goal, not only to settle a term — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| weight | the treatment of vaccine hesitancy determinants as social determinants of health, whose variables have a fixed direction — 0.75 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| edge | confidence —operationalised-as→ trust Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| edge | vaccine hesitancy —distinct-from→ vaccine demand Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| edge | communication —distinct-from→ determinant Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| edge | vaccine hesitancy determinants —distinct-from→ social determinants of health Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| edge | vaccine hesitancy —contrasted-with→ vaccination hesitancy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| outcome | control — partial Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| outcome | control — failed Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[1] |
| outcome | control — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[2] |
| outcome | control — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[3] |
| limitation | THE NAME WAS CHOSEN AGAINST ITS OWN SEMANTICS AND THE PAPER SAYS SO. `vaccine hesitancy` implies `the core issue is vaccine related`, while `vaccination hesitancy` covers `a much wider range of factors` - and the WG `nevertheless chose to adopt the term vaccine hesitancy but defining it in the broader sense`. The two reasons given are both institutional: SAGE'S OWN TERMS OF REFERENCE, and EXISTING USAGE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | the word was kept over a stated objection to its connotation - `Concerns were raised that hesitancy has a negative connotation` - and the more positive alternative was rejected on scope rather than on accuracy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | the definition is RELATIVE TO A TARGET, which makes it a moving quantity: hesitancy is `measured against an expectation of reaching a specific vaccination coverage goal, given the immunization services available`. The same behaviour is more or less hesitant depending on the goal set for the population Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the boundary against system failure is asserted rather than operationalised: where uptake is low because of stock-outs or conflict, `hesitancy is not the main explanation` - but the paper gives no procedure for deciding, in a given population, which it is. It only says the decision is `ESSENTIAL for the selection of interventions` Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | the model was chosen for COMPREHENSIBILITY, not for fit: the 3 Cs were adopted `As this model was viewed as being the most readily understandable`, and those three words then entered the definition itself. A selection criterion about readers became a property of the concept Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | THE MATRIX WAS BUILT FROM THE SOURCES IT IS LATER CHECKED AGAINST: `determinants identified from research studies, experiences of WG members in the field, and discussions with experts`. The paper does report a completeness check against the commissioned systematic review and the managers' survey, and it comes back empty - but those are two of the same three inputs, so the check is agreement with itself. (The sentence reporting it carries a URL inside each subject and cannot be quoted; see the harness note.) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | and the Matrix is disclaimed as an instrument: `while not primarily intended as a practical tool, may be helpful` - offered to survey-question developers while declining responsibility for being a measure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | the funding disclosure sits directly on the concept: the group monitoring `public confidence in Immunization Programs` took research funding from Novartis and meeting funding from GSK, and one author consulted for GSK ON VACCINE CONFIDENCE. Declared, and worth recording because `confidence` is one of the three words in the definition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| quantity | the number of Cs - complacency, convenience, confidence - carried from a communications working group's model into a WHO definition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| variable | education Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | socio-economic status Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| definition | vaccine hesitancy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | confidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | complacency Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | convenience Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| concept | vaccine hesitancy — not defined in this paper's own words; delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination DESPITE AVAILABILITY of vaccination services; complex, context specific, and influenced by complacency, convenience and confidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | vaccination hesitancy — not defined in this paper's own words; the term the group did NOT adopt, which by its own account covers the wider range of factors the definition actually intends Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | vaccine demand — not defined in this paper's own words; a distinct quantity on the same continuum - not the complement of hesitancy, because low hesitancy does not imply high demand Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | confidence — not defined in this paper's own words; trust in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, in the system that delivers them, and in the motivations of policy-makers Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | complacency — not defined in this paper's own words; the state where perceived risks of vaccine-preventable disease are low and vaccination is not deemed necessary Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | convenience — not defined in this paper's own words; physical availability, affordability, geographical accessibility, comprehensibility and appeal of immunization services Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | trust — not defined in this paper's own words; what confidence is defined as - and its objects include the delivery system and policy-makers, not only the vaccine Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[6] |
| concept | communication — not defined in this paper's own words; ruled A TOOL AND NOT A DETERMINANT, though poor communication is allowed to contribute to hesitancy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | determinant — not defined in this paper's own words; the category communication was refused entry to; the Matrix's unit Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[8] |
| concept | vaccine hesitancy determinants — not defined in this paper's own words; factors that influence hesitancy in EITHER direction - the property that separates them from social determinants of health Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| concept | social determinants of health — not defined in this paper's own words; the neighbouring family the paper distinguishes itself from, on the grounds that its variables have a fixed sign Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[10] |
| concept | Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix — not defined in this paper's own words; three categories - contextual, individual and group, and vaccine/vaccination-specific - built from studies, WG field experience and expert discussion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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