10⁹ into 109. The quotes are reproduced exactly as the extraction left them and have NOT been repaired — the meaning of such a code point belongs to the one PDF it came from, and guessing it would produce a clean, confident, unverifiable quote.phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | emotional arcs of stories— “Here, we use a simple, robust sentiment analysis tool to extract the reader-perceived emotional content of written stories as they unfold on the page.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “Here, by classifying the emotional arcs for a filtered subset of 1,327 stories from Project Gutenberg’s fiction collection, we find a set of six core emotional arcs which form the essential building blocks of complex emotional trajectories.” | |
| method — evidence | — “For our analysis, we apply three independent tools: matrix decomposition by singular value decomposition (SVD), supervised learning by agglomerative (hierarchical) clustering with Ward’s method, and unsupervised learning by a self-organizing map (SOM, a type of neural network).” | |
| transfer | from natural language processing (sentiment analysis): sentiment analysis applied to works of fiction to extract their emotional arcs— “we use a simple, robust sentiment analysis tool to extract the reader-perceived emotional content of written stories as they unfold on the page” | transfers[0] |
| mechanism | three independent methods are run over the same arcs - matrix decomposition, hierarchical clustering and an unsupervised self-organising map - and the paper states that confirmation comes only from the three supporting each other— “For our analysis, we apply three independent tools: matrix decomposition by singular value decomposition (SVD), supervised learning by agglomerative (hierarchical) clustering with Ward’s method, and unsupervised learning by a self-organizing map (SOM, a type of neural network). Each tool encompasses different strengths: the SVD finds the… | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | the emotional arc is separated from the plot by construction: it is what the words invoke, and the paper says the same arc can arise from very different plots— “The emotional arc of a story does not give us direct information about the plot or the intended meaning of the story, but rather exists as part of the whole narrative (e.g., an emotional arc showing a fall in sentiment throughout a story may arise from very different plot and structure combinations).” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | the paper states plainly that the dictionary method it relies on performs WORSE THAN RANDOM on an individual sentence, which is why the instrument is never applied at sentence level the sliding-window construction itself is described in a different sentence and in the Figure 1 caption, not in this span; the window size is unquotable here because the extraction stores its digits as private-use glyphs— “We emphasize that dictionarybased methods for sentiment analysis usually perform worse than random on individual sentences” | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | the arcs are mean-centred before decomposition so that the first mode is not spent on the average sentiment or on the positivity bias of language— “The modes are from meancentered emotional arcs, such that the first SVD mode need not extract the average from the labMT scores nor the positivity bias present in language” | mechanisms[3] |
| mechanism | clusters are built by Ward's method, which the paper describes as proceeding by minimising variance between clusters— “We use Ward’s method to generate a hierarchical clustering of stories, which proceeds by minimizing variance between clusters of books” | mechanisms[4] |
| mechanism | conflation of several arcs in one book is limited by restricting the corpus to shorter books, a filter chosen for that purpose— “We analyze the emotional arcs corresponding to complete books, and to limit the conflation of multiple core emotional arcs, we restrict our analysis to shorter books by selecting a maximum number of words when building our filter.” | mechanisms[5] |
| builds-on | sentiment analysis (from NLP)— “we use a simple, robust sentiment analysis tool to extract the reader-perceived emotional content of written stories as they unfold on the page” | claim_relations[0] |
| builds-on | Kurt Vonnegut's claim that the shapes of stories can be computed— “Vonnegut asserted: ‘There is no reason why the simple shapes of stories can’t be fed into computers, they are beautiful shapes.’” | claim_relations[1] |
| sense | emotional arc - NOT THE PLOT, and the paper names the conflation as the misunderstanding that drew criticism from the digital humanities community: the same falling arc can come from very different plots— “The emotional arc of a story does not give us direct information about the plot or the intended meaning of the story, but rather exists as part of the whole narrative (e.g., an emotional arc showing a fall in sentiment throughout a story may arise from very different plot and structure combinations). This distinction between the emotional arc… | senses[0] |
| sense | the six arcs - AS THE INTERSECTION OF THREE PROCEDURES: modes of a matrix decomposition, clusters from Ward's algorithm, and clusters from an unsupervised map; six is what survives all three, not what any one of them returns | senses[1] |
| sense | sentiment - AS A WINDOW AVERAGE: the reported quantity is the score of a sliding fixed-size window, never of a sentence, which is what makes the underlying dictionary usable at all Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | folkloristics - the study of society and culture through literary analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | matrix decomposition - the SVD branch of the paper's three-tool analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | singular value decomposition - SVD used for matrix decomposition of emotional arcs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | supervised learning - the paper's label for agglomerative clustering with Ward's method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | agglomerative hierarchical clustering - the supervised analysis performed with Ward's method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | Ward's method - the method used in the agglomerative hierarchical clustering branch Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | unsupervised learning - the paper's label for the self-organizing-map analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | self-organizing map - SOM, the neural-network branch of the unsupervised analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | neural network - the class to which the self-organizing map is assigned Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| sense | Rags to riches - rise Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[12] |
| sense | Tragedy - fall, also called Riches to rags Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[13] |
| sense | Riches to rags - the alternative label for the falling Tragedy arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[14] |
| sense | Man in a hole - fall then rise Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[15] |
| sense | Icarus - rise then fall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[16] |
| sense | Cinderella - rise, fall, then rise Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[17] |
| sense | Oedipus - fall, rise, then fall Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[18] |
| sense | word salad - a null story version without coherent plot or emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[19] |
| sense | nonsense - a null story version without coherent plot or emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[20] |
| sense | null model - a written-story comparison lacking coherent plot or structure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[21] |
| control | every method re-run at four different DOWNLOAD-COUNT thresholds. THE NUMERALS SURVIVE EXTRACTION AS PRIVATE-USE-AREA GLYPHS (U+F639, U+F63C ...) rather than digits, so the thresholds are present in the text and unreadable; they are quoted as they stand and not guessed — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out the popularity cut-off as the source of the emotional-arc findings - a corpus filtered by downloads is a corpus of what people read, and an arc shape could be a property of the filter rather than of literature Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| edge | emotional arc —distinct-from→ plot Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| edge | emotional arc —operationalised-as→ Hedonometer Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| note | self-organizing map —is-a→ neural network — The paper explicitly calls SOM a type of neural network. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| outcome | control — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| evidence status | limitation — quote-not-in-current-staged-text Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| evidence status note | limitation — tagged against an earlier extraction of this paper; the staged file has since changed. The claim may still be sound - the QUOTE is unanchorable. Not deleted, not repaired, not verified., 2026-08-15: the quote IS present, verbatim once whitespace is normalised, in the web page we fetched. The staged text this flag refers to is a lossier extraction of the same paper, so the tag is UNVERIFIED AGAINST THE FILE THE VERIFIER READS rather than unverifiable. Re-staging would move every offset and hash on the record and is a staging decision, not a tagging one. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| not machine-vouched | limitation — not-in-our-copy - The quote is in the original page we fetched for this paper ('fulltext.html'), but not in the text we tag against, which was extracted differently. Checked with ligatures, hyphens, spacing and punctuation set aside. This body carries 13 '(cid:NNN)' glyph ids. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the success analysis only: DOWNLOADS ARE ONLY A ROUGH PROXY FOR SUCCESS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the resolution of every arc: OUR METHOD DOES NOT PICK UP EMOTIONAL MOMENTS DISCUSSED BRIEFLY, PERHAPS IN ONE PARAGRAPH OR SENTENCE (E.G., THE FIRST KISS OF HARRY AND GINNY) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — any narrative reading of the arcs: an emotional arc is not the plot and does not identify it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the corpus the arcs were derived from: TO LIMIT THE CONFLATION OF MULTIPLE CORE EMOTIONAL ARCS, WE RESTRICT OUR ANALYSIS TO SHORTER BOOKS Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — any sentence-level or short-passage reading of these sentiment scores: the authors state that dictionary-based sentiment methods usually perform worse than random on individual sentences, and the arcs are built from a rolling average instead Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the six-arc finding: it is confirmed only by considering the results of each tool in support of the others - a matrix decomposition, a hierarchical clustering and an unsupervised map - so a citation of 'six basic shapes' that drops the three-method agreement drops the evidence Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| for which use | limitation — the six SVD modes as six arcs: the paper says the high-frequency modes contribute little variance and do not align with the core archetypes recovered by the other methods, and are included only for completeness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | the sentiment method requires a minimum window of ~10,000 words for meaningful scores Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Success is measured only by Project Gutenberg download counts. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The sliding-window method cannot detect briefly mentioned emotional events. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | An emotional arc is not the plot and does not identify it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | Only shorter books were analysed, to avoid conflating several core arcs. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | The sentiment tool is stated to perform worse than random on individual sentences, and is made usable only by averaging over a rolling window. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | The result is what three different methods agree on; the paper says no single tool establishes it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| limitation | Two of the six decomposition modes are retained for completeness and are stated not to match the archetypes the other methods produce. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[7] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | six core emotional arcs are the building blocks of story trajectories Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | particular emotional arcs enjoy greater download success Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | the findings are strengthened by separately applying matrix decomposition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| evidence status note | finding — QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | the emotional arc is distinct from the plot Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| quantity | 1,327 stories — filtered Project Gutenberg fiction corpus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 6 core arcs — basic emotional-arc shapes found Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 3 methods — independent techniques used to confirm the arcs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| evidence status note | quantity — QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. The quote was later extended to the end of the list it begins; the recovered stretch is kept as the earlier quote. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| variable | emotional arc (sentiment trajectory across a story) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | sentiment (signal extracted from text) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[1] |
| variable | downloads (proxy for story success) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | plot (chronological backbone, distinct from the arc) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| definition | emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | narratology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | sentiment analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | plot Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| key-terms | emotional arcs, stories, sentiment analysis, narrative, plot, six basic shapes, digital humanities, matrix decomposition, unsupervised learning, Project Gutenberg |
| concept | emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | sentiment analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | plot Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | Hedonometer Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | labMT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[6] |
| concept | folkloristics — the study of society and culture through literary analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | matrix decomposition — not defined in this paper's own words; one of three independent analysis tools, implemented here through singular value decomposition Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[8] |
| concept | singular value decomposition — not defined in this paper's own words; SVD, the matrix-decomposition method used as one of three independent analyses of emotional arcs Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| concept | supervised learning — not defined in this paper's own words; the paper's category for agglomerative hierarchical clustering with Ward's method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[10] |
| concept | agglomerative (hierarchical) clustering — not defined in this paper's own words; the supervised-learning clustering analysis performed with Ward's method Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
| concept | Ward’s method — not defined in this paper's own words; the method used for the agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[12] |
| concept | unsupervised learning — not defined in this paper's own words; the paper's category for the self-organizing-map analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[13] |
| concept | self-organizing map — not defined in this paper's own words; SOM, a neural-network method used for the unsupervised analysis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[14] |
| concept | neural network — not defined in this paper's own words; the method class to which the paper assigns the self-organizing map Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[15] |
| concept | Rags to riches — not defined in this paper's own words; the rising emotional-arc shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[16] |
| concept | Tragedy — not defined in this paper's own words; the falling emotional-arc shape, also labelled Riches to rags Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[17] |
| concept | Riches to rags — not defined in this paper's own words; the alternative label for the falling Tragedy emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[18] |
| concept | Man in a hole — not defined in this paper's own words; the fall-then-rise emotional-arc shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[19] |
| concept | Icarus — not defined in this paper's own words; the rise-then-fall emotional-arc shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[20] |
| concept | Cinderella — not defined in this paper's own words; the rise-fall-rise emotional-arc shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[21] |
| concept | Oedipus — not defined in this paper's own words; the fall-rise-fall emotional-arc shape Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[22] |
| concept | word salad — not defined in this paper's own words; a null comparison version of a story lacking coherent plot or structure and therefore a coherent emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[23] |
| concept | nonsense — not defined in this paper's own words; a null comparison version of a story lacking coherent plot or structure and therefore a coherent emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[24] |
| concept | null model — not defined in this paper's own words; written-story comparisons without coherent plot or structure to generate a coherent emotional arc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[25] |
| mean μ | as written: average of Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| sample-size n/N | as written: N = 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| evidence status note | sample-size — NOT REPAIRED, AND REVERTED AFTER IT WAS. This quote is verbatim in the web page we fetched and carries a real minus sign in '2( N − 1)'. The grounding copy has an en dash there. A repair that normalised dashes matched the two and replaced the correct character with the poorer extraction's. The quote stays as the paper set it and stays unanchorable against the grounding copy, which is the honest state - the project, 2026-08-23 17:35: the quotes are right, the staging is what disagrees. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| variance σ² | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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