(cid:NN). The PDF this text was extracted from encodes 7 characters in a way that names no letter, so the extractor could not say what they were. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing — the marks are the source’s, not the tagging’s.phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | unconscious semantic processing and information integration— “The function of consciousness has often been investigated by looking at the cognitive processes that can (not) be performed without conscious awareness.” | |
| claim-type | method— “Here, I will argue that a subliminal priming version of the same-different task is a perfect tool to investigate these processes because it (i) allows a clear separation between the stimuli that are consciously processed and those that remain unconscious, and (ii) requires the unconsciously presented stimuli to be integrated.” | |
| method — evidence | — “An overview of the work that has used the subliminal samedifferent task to target these processes is presented, and some suggestions for how the task could be used in future work are made.” | |
| mechanism | A generic same-different algorithm is applied unconsciously to the prime pair whatever its format, and the response it evokes then facilitates or interferes with the response demanded by the conscious target pair.— “the response evoked by the unconscious same-different judgment on the primes facilitates or interferes with the response required for the same-different judgment on the targets.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | If 'same' judgments are holistic and parallel while 'different' judgments are serial, then global-workspace theory predicts that only the parallel 'same' route can run without conscious access, so priming should come from same primes.— “According to the global neuronal workspace theory of consciousness, parallel processes can operate non-consciously, but serial processing requires conscious access [22,50–52].” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Unconscious integration succeeds in this task because the stimuli fall within a sufficiently small spatial (and temporal) window and are of limited complexity.— “It could be that also the spatial window should be sufficiently small to make unconscious integration possible [25] or that the complexity of the information should be limited.” | mechanisms[2] |
| extends | the dual process model of same-different judgements and the global neuronal workspace theory of consciousness— “If the dual process model of same-different judgements is correct, it could thus be hypothesized that priming in the subliminal SD task would work for primes that are the same, but less so for primes that are different.” | claim_relations[0] |
| sense | subliminal priming - an operational definition with a NUMBER in it: the prime is shown for 50 ms or less and immediately followed by masks, and awareness is treated as absent because of the timing. Set beside Hoewe2020, where unawareness is established by asking the participant afterwards, this is the same criterion secured by apparatus instead of by report— “When the prime stimulus is presented for 50 ms or less and immediately followed by mask stimuli, participants have no awareness of the presence of this prime stimulus” | senses[0] |
| sense | genuine unconscious processing - a term defined by what it must be distinguished FROM. The two criteria exist so that an effect cannot be attributed to the conscious preparation of response links, and to rule out visual similarity. The definition is a list of alternative explanations that have to be closed off— “It has therefore been suggested that for genuine unconscious processing to take place, some criteria need to be met: First, primes should come from large categories or from a novel set outside of the task set so that subliminal priming effects cannot be attributed to the conscious preparation of response links. Second, primes and targets… | senses[1] |
| sense | the same-different task, as a tool rather than a topic - what recommends it is a STRUCTURAL property: the judgement concerns the relation between two targets, so the primes can be drawn from an entirely different set and still bear on the response— “Instead of centrally presenting a single prime and a single target on every trial, in the subliminal SD task two masked primes and two targets are presented side by side (Figure 1c & d) and participants are required to judge if the two target stimuli are the same or different” | senses[2] |
| audit | criteria —part-of→ subliminal priming — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but criteria for genuine unconscious processing; part-of is loose.— “It has therefore been suggested that for genuine unconscious processing to take place, some criteria need to be met: First, primes should come from large categories or from a novel set outside of the task set so that subliminal priming effects cannot be attributed to the conscious preparation of response links” | concept_edges[1] |
| note | criteria —part-of→ subliminal priming — The first criterion, and its justification is the whole content: primes must come from a large or novel set SO THAT the effect cannot be attributed to consciously prepared response links. The rule is shaped by the alternative it excludes.— “It has therefore been suggested that for genuine unconscious processing to take place, some criteria need to be met: First, primes should come… | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | criteria —part-of→ subliminal priming — 0.85 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| replication | replicated | |
| limitation | The review cannot say why this task succeeds where other unconscious-integration designs are unreliable. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | In the word version of the task primes and targets were not cleanly separated, so part of that effect may be a conscious stimulus-response mapping. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Colour same-different judgments were faster when two preceding invisible digit primes had the same relation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:1). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The unconscious same-different priming effect is short-lived: it appeared at a 100 ms prime-target interval and was gone at 316 ms. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Because the prime set (Arabic digits) and target set (colour patches) had nothing in common, the effect cannot be attributed to visual overlap or to consciously prepared action triggers, the two standard objections to subliminal semantic priming. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | When the primes were an upper- and lower-case letter matched for visual similarity, the same-different judgment could only rest on letter identity, which the author treats as strong evidence for unconscious semantic processing. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The unconscious same-different judgment is context-relative: the pair 'a A' primed a 'same' response when surrounded by dissimilar primes but a 'different' response when surrounded by very similar primes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Unconscious multisensory integration occurred only when subjects had conscious training beforehand. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | The subliminal version of the task reproduces the fast-same effect, in which 'same' responses are faster than 'different' responses. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | The prediction that priming should be confined to 'same' primes is not borne out consistently: some experiments show priming only for same primes and others only for different primes. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| evidence status note | finding — DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:1). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | With pairs of emotional faces as primes the effect reversed sign, responses being slower when the prime relation matched the target relation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| quantity | about 10 ms — size of the subliminal same-different priming effect on reaction time Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 100 ms / 316 ms — prime-target intervals at which the priming effect was present versus absent Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 50 ms or less — prime duration below which participants have no awareness of the prime Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| definition | subliminal priming Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | subliminal same-different (SD) task Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | information integration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| concept | subliminal priming — not defined in this paper's own words; defined here by the PROCEDURE and nothing else: a prime sandwiched between two masks, shown for 50 ms or less, so that the participant has no awareness of it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | prime — not defined in this paper's own words; the stimulus whose effect is at issue, and this literature's whole methodological problem is keeping it separable from the target Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | targets — not defined in this paper's own words; what the participant actually responds to - and the criteria below are about the relationship between the two sets rather than about either one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | primes — not defined in this paper's own words; the plural the criteria are stated over, because the requirement is on the SET they are drawn from and not on any single stimulus Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | criteria — not defined in this paper's own words; the field's conditions for when a subliminal result counts as unconscious processing at all - stated as defences against a named alternative rather than as good practice Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | same-different — not defined in this paper's own words; the task the paper proposes instead: two masked primes and two targets side by side, with the judgement being a relation between stimuli rather than a property of one Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
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