phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | spatial responsiveness of monkey hippocampal neurons— “To investigate involvement of the hippocampal formation in spatial information processing, activity of neurons in the hippocampal formation of the conscious monkey was recorded during presentation of various visual and auditory stimuli from several directions around the monkey.” | |
| claim-type | existence— “Of 1,047 neurons recorded, 106 (10.1%) responded to some stimuli from one or more directions.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Briefly, single-unit activity was recorded from the HF and PH.” | |
| mechanism | spatial information is converted from a primary retinotopic representation into egocentric or allocentric representations somewhere between the sensory association cortices and the hippocampal formation / parahippocampal cortices— “Therefore, some computation or conversion of information from the primary step of spatial representation (such as retinotopic space) to a more complicated spatial representation (such as egocentric or allocentric space) may be made between the sensory association cortices and the H F and PH, or within the H F and PH.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | prolonged attention directed to one region of space during training and recording recruits more neurons that encode stimulus relations in that region— “If learning or memory should be related to neuronal activity, it might be possible that the increased time of attention to that area caused the difference seen in the number of neurons, that is, more neurons represent relations to various combinations of stimuli that were seen in the right anterior.” | mechanisms[1] |
| builds-on | O'Keefe and Conway, 1978 (rat hippocampus)— “This means that, consistent with a previous study of the rat hippocampus (O'Keefe and Conway, 1978), some neurons in the HF of the monkey may be involved in the representation of relations between stimuli through both vision and audition.” | claim_relations[0] |
| replicates | Creutzfeldt, 1990; Vidyasagar et al., 1991 (hippocampal neurons activated by human actions)— “This report is very similar to the present results in that selective neurons tended to respond to human action.” | claim_relations[1] |
| extends | Feigenbaum and Rolls (1991)— “Responsiveness of the neurons that was changed by movement of the apparatus may represent relations between the test stimulus and background stimuli fixed on the apparatus, and these might correspond to neurons with responses in the frame-of-reference of allocentric coordinates reported by Feigenbaum and Rolls (1991).” | claim_relations[2] |
| sense | egocentric, here - A LABEL FROM ONE ROTATION, AND WIDER THAN BODY-CENTRED: neurons are so designated because their response directions followed the rotation of the monkey, and the relations meant are to background stimuli on the monkey OR ON THE RESTRAINING DEVICE that rotated with it, so apparatus-fixed and body-fixed responses fall under one name— “We designate these neurons as “egocentric,” because the directions of their responses followed the rotation of the monkey, and these responses were considered to represent relations between the test stimulus and background stimuli on the monkey or on the restraining device that rotated with the monkey” | senses[0] |
| sense | allocentric, here - THE COMPLEMENT OF THE SAME OPERATION: neurons whose response directions did not follow the rotation but remained constant relative to the environment; both categories are produced by a single manipulation, and 'were considered to represent' marks where the operation ends and the interpretation begins— “We designated these neurons as “allocentric,” because the directions of their responses did not follow the rotation of the monkey but remained constant relative to the environment” | senses[1] |
| sense | the third group - THE LARGEST, AND UNNAMED: 12 of the 32 rotated neurons had their responses reversibly extinguished, against 11 egocentric and 9 allocentric, so the plurality of the sample falls outside the dichotomy that the key words carry— “Thirty-two of 106 neurons were also tested by rotating the monkey. The directionally differentiating responsiveness of 1 1 neurons followed the monkey (egocentric neurons), that of 9 remained in place in the environment (allocentric neurons), and responses of 12 were reversibly extinguished when the monkey was rotated” | senses[2] |
| control | the left and right hemispheres were compared for the anterior-direction preference — held — rules out that the directional preference is a hemispheric asymmetry rather than a spatial response - no significant left-right difference was found— “The tendency of neurons to respond to visual stimuli presented from the anterior direction cannot be explained by leftright difference of hemispheres since there was no significant difference in the incidence of recording rate in the left and right hemispheres.” | controls[0] |
| differs in | egocentric —contrasted-with→ allocentric — whether the response direction followed the rotated monkey or stayed fixed to the environment— “Thirty-two of 106 neurons were also tested by rotating the monkey. The directionally differentiating responsiveness of 1 1 neurons followed the monkey (egocentric neurons), that of 9 remained in place in the environment (allocentric neurons), and responses of 12 were reversibly extinguished when the monkey was rotated”— “followed the monkey (egocentric neurons), that of 9 remained in place in the environment (allocentric neurons)” | concept_edges[0] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the subset of neurons whose responses did not track the apparatus: IT IS DIFFICULT TO INTERPRET RESPONSIVENESS OF NEURONS THAT CHANGE IRRESPECTIVE OF MOVEMENT OF THE APPARATUS— “It is difficult to interpret responsiveness of neurons that change irrespective of movement of the apparatus.” | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the spatial interpretation of the responses: OTHER FACTORS MIGHT HAVE INFLUENCED THE RESPONSIVENESS, SUCH AS SUPPRESSION BY PARTICULAR STIMULI THAT COULD NOT BE SEEN IN THE USUAL POSITION— “However, other factors might have influenced the responsiveness, such as suppression by particular stimuli that could not be seen in the usual position.” | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the visual-versus-auditory asymmetry: THE REASONS FOR THIS DISCRIMINATION ARE NOT ENTIRELY CLEAR, and the offered account is a plausibility argument about what is useful to the monkey— “The reasons for this discrimination are not entirely clear, but it seems reasonable that vision should depend on stimuli presented within the visual field, and audition might be more valuable to the monkey when stimuli cannot be seen.” | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — any claim about where the coordinate conversion happens: FURTHER STUDIES ARE NECESSARY TO INVESTIGATE SUCH COMPUTATION OR CONVERSION— “Further studies are necessary to investigate such computation or conversion.” | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — any use of the egocentric/allocentric dichotomy from this paper: of the 32 neurons tested by rotation, 11 followed the monkey and 9 remained fixed to the environment, while 12 - the largest group - were reversibly extinguished and received no label— “Thirty-two of 106 neurons were also tested by rotating the monkey. The directionally differentiating responsiveness of 1 1 neurons followed the monkey (egocentric neurons), that of 9 remained in place in the environment (allocentric neurons), and responses of 12 were reversibly extinguished when the monkey was rotated” | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — any reading of these egocentric neurons as body-centred: the designation covers responses considered to represent relations to background stimuli on the monkey OR on the restraining device that rotated with it— “We designate these neurons as “egocentric,” because the directions of their responses followed the rotation of the monkey, and these responses were considered to represent relations between the test stimulus and background stimuli on the monkey or on the restraining device that rotated with the monkey” | limitations[5] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Responses that changed independently of the apparatus movement resist interpretation.— “It is difficult to interpret responsiveness of neurons that change irrespective of movement of the apparatus.” | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Alternative explanations, such as suppression by stimuli not visible in the usual position, cannot be ruled out for the neurons whose responsiveness was extinguished.— “However, other factors might have influenced the responsiveness, such as suppression by particular stimuli that could not be seen in the usual position.” | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The directional bias of visual versus auditory responsiveness is not fully explained and may be an artefact of the training and recording set-up. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | Where the conversion from retinotopic to egocentric or allocentric representation occurs is not resolved by these data. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The largest of the three response groups is left unnamed and absent from the paper's key words. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | The egocentric category is defined to include stimuli fixed to the restraining apparatus, not only to the body. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | Only about one in ten hippocampal-formation neurons recorded (106 of 1,047) responded preferentially to stimuli coming from one or more particular directions. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Of the 106 direction-sensitive neurons, 49 responded to vision only, 35 to audition only, and 22 to both modalities. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | Visually driven neurons preferred stimuli from the right anterior direction whereas auditory ones preferred stimuli from behind the monkey. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Moving the experimental apparatus, which the monkey could see, altered the responses of 36 of the 59 neurons tested that way. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | For 24 of the affected neurons the preferred direction stayed the same but the response in that direction was strongly weakened or reversibly abolished. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Rotating the monkey showed that 11 neurons carried their preferred direction with the animal, making them egocentric. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | Nine neurons kept their preferred direction anchored to the room rather than to the animal, making them allocentric. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | Twelve further neurons lost their directional selectivity altogether while the monkey was rotated, and regained it afterwards. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| finding | Response size depended on exactly where the visible apparatus stood, not merely on whether it was visible at all. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[8] |
| finding | Stimulus-selective auditory neurons responded to complex experimenter-produced sounds - footsteps, a chair moving, a door opening, a data recorder being switched, board tapping and paper crumpling - rather than to pure tones. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[9] |
| finding | Direction-sensitive neurons were found along the whole rostrocaudal axis of the hippocampal formation but were concentrated caudally. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[10] |
| finding | Eye position and eye movement did not account for the visual responses of most of these neurons. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[11] |
| finding | In the 22 bimodal neurons the visual and auditory preferred directions coincided in only half of the cells (11 of 22). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[12] |
| finding | The subicular complex held a higher share of neurons whose directional responsiveness changed when the apparatus moved (8 of 10) than the dentate gyrus, CA3 or CA1, which were split roughly evenly. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[13] |
| quantity | 106 (10.1%) — number and share of the 1,047 recorded neurons that showed direction-dependent responses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 36 of 59 — neurons whose responsiveness changed when the experimental apparatus was moved Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | 11 — egocentric neurons whose preferred direction followed the rotated monkey Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | nine — allocentric neurons whose preferred direction stayed fixed to the room Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | 12 — neurons whose directional responsiveness disappeared reversibly during rotation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | n = 42 — neurons classed as stimulus-selective among the 81 tested with more than ten stimuli Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | about 80 dB — intensity at which computer-synthesized sounds were presented Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| variable | neuronal response (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| variable | intensity of computer-synthesized sounds (control) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[5] |
| definition | directionally differentiating responsiveness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | background stimuli Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | egocentric neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | allocentric neurons Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | selective group Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| concept | egocentric Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | allocentric Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | restraining device Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | directionally differentiating responsiveness Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | reversibly extinguished Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| ANOVA | as written: one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| p-value P | as written: ANOVA, P > . 1 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| chi-squared | as written: chi-square test Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| standard error of the mean SEM | as written: mean and SEM Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
· back to index
· concepts · authors
· עברית
© 2026 Shir Sivroni · ORCID 0009-0000-2597-2824