| phenomenon | the depletion effect in self-control— “The depletion effect occurs when individuals who exert self-control in a previous task (i.e., depleted individuals) exhibit less self-control on a subsequent task relative to individuals who did not previously exert self-control.” |
| claim-type | mechanism— “In sum, our research extends past research on resource depletion theory by showing that depletion effects are driven by not necessarily a lack of resources but a tendency to focus on seemingly depleted resources.” |
| method — evidence | — “The proposed hypotheses were tested in two experiments.” |
| transfer | from health risk communication: the health-risk literature's account of how messages at different levels of construal are processed, carried into consumer research on self-regulatory depletion— “Building on the health risk literature, we suggest that processing health messages that convey high (vs. low) levels of risk consumes more self-control resources and thus will undermine subsequent self-control in performing health behaviors unrelated to the depleting message.” | transfers[0] |
| builds-on | Fujita et al. (2006), who called for integrating construal level theory with ego-depletion models— “In response to this call for research, we draw upon the goals-means distinction in CLT to make specific predictions about how construal levels will affect selfcontrol in situations involving resource depletion.” | claim_relations[0] |
| extends | Fujita et al. (2006)— “We extend the Fujita et al. (2006) finding in two ways.” | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | Fujita et al. (2006)— “This result that lower levels of construal may not necessarily lead to self-control failure differs from Fujita et al.’s (2006) prediction but is consistent with previous research on constructs related to lower-level construals.” | claim_relations[2] |
| sense | A MODERATOR THAT REVERSES THE SIGN RATHER THAN WEAKENING IT: `High-level construals reduce the resource focus and enhance a goal focus, which diminishes and even reverses the depletion effect.` Not attenuation - inversion. So `depletion reduces self-control` is true at one level of a moderator and false at the other, and an edge carrying `effect_direction: reduces` would be wrong for half of this paper's own design. Fourth record today where the axis vocabulary has no single sign to record— “High-level construals reduce the resource focus and enhance a goal focus, which diminishes and even reverses the depletion effect” | senses[0] |
| sense | DEPLETION WORKS THROUGH A SELF-ASSESSMENT, NOT THROUGH A RESOURCE: `At low-level construals, individuals rely on resource accessibility cues (e.g., feelings of tiredness) to determine self-control. Hence, they exert less self-control only when they assess themselves as depleted.` The person reads their own tiredness as evidence about how much control they have left, and acts on the reading. That makes the depletion effect a judgement about oneself rather than a fact about oneself - and it predicts that anything which changes what you consult will change the effect, which is exactly what the construal manipulation does— “At low-level construals, individuals rely on resource accessibility cues (e.g., feelings of tiredness) to determine self-control. Hence, they exert less self-control only when they assess themselves as depleted” | senses[1] |
| sense | AND THE CONTROL THAT TURNS THAT FROM AN INTERPRETATION INTO A RESULT: `Despite experiencing similar levels of tiredness as those at lower construal levels, the self-control exhibited by participants at higher levels of construal was not adversely affected by their feelings of tiredness.` The resource state is held constant and the effect still disappears. Same tiredness, different use of it. That is the sentence that locates the phenomenon in what the person consults rather than in what they have, and without it the construal result would be compatible with high-level construal simply making people less tired— “Despite experiencing similar levels of tiredness as those at lower construal levels, the self-control exhibited by participants at higher levels of construal was not adversely affected by their feelings of tiredness” | senses[2] |
| sense | TWO CONSTRUAL LEVELS, TWO DIFFERENT MEDIATORS, ONE DESIGN: `A focus on resource limitations, specifically feelings of tiredness, MEDIATED the effect ... for individuals at LOWER construal levels`, while `At higher construal levels, individuals' perceptions of the benefits to goals attained by performing the second task mediated the treatment effects.` The moderator does not turn one mechanism up and down - it swaps which mechanism is running. A record that stored only `construal level moderates depletion` would lose the fact that the two arms are not the same process at different strengths— “A focus on resource limitations, specifically feelings of tiredness, mediated the effect of initial resource depletion on subsequent self-control for individuals at lower construal levels. Despite experiencing similar levels of tiredness as those at lower construal levels, the self-control exhibited by participants at higher levels of… | senses[3] |
| control | risk estimation measured in the same participants both before and after the construal-level manipulation — held — rules out between-person differences in baseline risk perception, which a post-only comparison would leave inside the effect— “we measured their risk estimation both before and after the mind-set manipulation.” | controls[0] |
| control | the moderating effect of construal level on depletion replicated in a further experiment using the standard tasks of the literature - the paper states the result and marks the study 'not reported in this article' — held — rules out the effect depending on the particular tasks these authors chose - the replication uses the tasks the field already uses, and its outcome is asserted without being shown— “In an experiment not reported in this article, we replicated the moderating effect of construal levels on depletion effects employing experimental tasks that are typically used in the depletion literature (a cross-off-letters task followed by an anagram task).” | controls[1] |
| note | resource accessibility cues —causes→ self-control — THE DIRECTION IS CONDITIONAL AND THE CONDITION IS IN THE FIRST FOUR WORDS: 'At low-level construals'. Reading a tiredness cue lowers self-control only for people construing concretely; at high construal the same tiredness does nothing, which the third sense quotes. Weight 0.85 for that reason - the edge is true inside one arm of the design and the arm is named in the quote.— “At low-level construals, individuals rely on resource accessibility cues (e.g., feelings of tiredness) to determine self-control” | concept_edges[0] |
| weight | resource accessibility cues —causes→ self-control — 0.85— “At low-level construals, individuals rely on resource accessibility cues (e.g., feelings of tiredness) to determine self-control” | concept_edges[0] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the self-control measure: SPENDING MORE TIME ON READING MIGHT NOT IMPLY BETTER SELF-CONTROL IF PARTICIPANTS WERE NOT CAREFULLY PROCESSING THE MESSAGE— “One might argue that spending more time on reading might not imply better self-control if participants were not carefully processing the message.” | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the experiment 2 recall support: DUE TO SPACE CONSTRAINTS, THESE DATA ARE NOT REPORTED IN DETAIL HERE— “Due to space constraints, these data are not reported in detail here.” | limitations[1] |
| replication | untested |
| limitation | Time spent reading was used as the main self-control measure, which the authors acknowledge need not indicate careful processing; they added a recall measure in response.— “One might argue that spending more time on reading might not imply better self-control if participants were not carefully processing the message.” | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The supporting recall analyses for experiment 2 are asserted rather than reported, so they cannot be evaluated from the article itself.— “Due to space constraints, these data are not reported in detail here.” | limitations[1] |