| P · prime | a prior (first) presentation of a visual stimulus |
| T · target | a repeated presentation of the same stimulus |
| B · baseline | neural response to a novel stimulus |
| E · priming effect | reduced neuronal firing to the repeated stimulus (repetition suppression) |
| A · association | congruent (positive) |
phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | repetition suppression (neural repetition priming)— “Fig. 1 summarizes in a diagrammatic fashion some of the cortical mechanisms for visual memory that appear to impact on attentional selection processes.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “All of these mnemonic effects on neuronal responses bias the competitive interactions that take place between stimulus representations in the cortex when there is more than one stimulus in the visual field.” | |
| method — evidence | — “We have considered only three short-term memory mechanisms in this brief review, namely repetition suppression, enhancement, and delay activity.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Recent studies show that neuronal mechanisms for learning and memory both dynamically modulate and permanently alter the representations of visual stimuli in the adult monkey cortex. Three commonly observed neuronal effects in memory-demanding tasks are repetition suppression, enhancement, and delay activity. In repetition suppression… | |
| research question — evidence | — “Attention is often thought of as a gateway to learning and memory because we typically learn and remember much more about stimuli in the environment that we attend to than about stimuli we ignore. However, the converse is equally true. That is, mechanisms for learning and memory play a critical role in the selection process that determines… | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Recent studies show that neuronal mechanisms for learning and memory both dynamically modulate and permanently alter the representations of visual stimuli in the adult monkey cortex. Three commonly observed neuronal effects in memory-demanding tasks are repetition suppression, enhancement, and delay activity. In repetition suppression… | |
| mechanism | THREE COMMONLY OBSERVED NEURONAL EFFECTS IN MEMORY-DEMANDING TASKS ARE REPETITION SUPPRESSION, ENHANCEMENT, AND DELAY ACTIVITY - repeated experience LEADS TO BOTH SHORT- AND LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION, ENHANCEMENT WORKS IN AN OPPOSITE FASHION for OBJECTS WITH LEARNED BEHAVIORAL RELEVANCE, and delay activity holds information ON-LINE— “Three commonly observed neuronal effects in memory-demanding tasks are repetition suppression, enhancement, and delay activity. In repetition suppression, repeated experience with the same visual stimulus leads to both short- and long-term suppression of neuronal responses in subpopulations of visual neurons. Enhancement works in an opposite… | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | and they do not share an anatomy: REPETITION SUPPRESSION APPEARS TO BE AN INTRINSIC PROPERTY OF VISUAL CORTICAL AREAS SUCH AS INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX, whereas ENHANCEMENT AND DELAY ACTIVITY MAY DEPEND ON FEEDBACK TO TEMPORAL CORTEX FROM PREFRONTAL CORTEX— “Repetition suppression appears to be an intrinsic property of visual cortical areas such as inferior temporal cortex and is thought to be important for perceptual learning and priming. By contrast, enhancement and delay activity may depend on feedback to temporal cortex from prefrontal cortex and are thought to be important for working… | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | the proposed reason suppression happens at all: REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS A BY-PRODUCT OF SHARPENING STIMULUS REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CORTEX - and STIMULUS REPETITION LEADS TO A SMALLER POPULATIONS OF ACTIVATED CELLS— “In this view, repetition suppression is a by-product of sharpening stimulus representations in the cortex. In addition, repetition suppression may contribute to behavioral habituation and, conversely, automatic orientation to novel stimuli (see below).” | mechanisms[2] |
| contradicts | studies reporting that IT cells hold a sample stimulus in memory through stimulus-selective maintained delay activity (refs 27-33)— “We found counter-evidence for this idea, however, in our studies using the DMS task with multiple nonmatch test stimuli intervening between the sample and the matching test ( 31 ).” | claim_relations[0] |
| extends | Nakamura and Kubota (ref 33)— “This result explains an otherwise contradictory report from Nakamura and Kubota ( 33 ), who found that cells in the anterior and temporal polar regions of IT cortex had stimulus-specific maintained activity in the delays following the sample in a delayed nonmatch-to-sample task.” | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | the view that attention is the gateway to memory— “Attention is often thought of as a gateway to learning and memory because we typically learn and remember much more about stimuli in the environment that we attend to than about stimuli we ignore. However, the converse is equally true. That is, mechanisms for learning and memory play a critical role in the selection process that determines… | claim_relations[2] |
| critiques | the standard delayed matching-to-sample design as evidence for a particular memory mechanism— “In principle, the ABBA task cannot be solved by an animal relying only on the suppressive mechanism, whereas the standard version of the DMS task might be solved by a monkey relying on either enhancement or suppression.” | claim_relations[3] |
| builds-on | Brown and colleagues, that repetition effects may be permanent | claim_relations[4] |
| sense | THE DIRECTION EVERYONE ASSUMES, REVERSED IN THE SECOND SENTENCE: ATTENTION IS OFTEN THOUGHT OF AS A GATEWAY TO LEARNING AND MEMORY... HOWEVER, THE CONVERSE IS EQUALLY TRUE - MECHANISMS FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE SELECTION PROCESS THAT DETERMINES WHICH STIMULI... ARE ATTENDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | and the conclusion states it as a derivation: ATTENTION DERIVES, AT LEAST IN PART, FROM THE IMPACT OF MEMORY MECHANISMS ON CORTICAL SENSORY MECHANISMS, WHICH ARE INTRINSICALLY COMPETITIVE IN NATURE. `Attention` names an outcome of a competition rather than a process of its own Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | MEMORY DECIDES THE WINNER: ALL OF THESE MNEMONIC EFFECTS ON NEURONAL RESPONSES BIAS THE COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE BETWEEN STIMULUS REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CORTEX WHEN THERE IS MORE THAN ONE STIMULUS IN THE VISUAL FIELD - AS A RESULT, MEMORY WILL OFTEN DETERMINE THE WINNER OF THESE COMPETITIONS AND, THUS, WILL DETERMINE WHICH STIMULUS IS ATTENDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| sense | THE TASK DESIGN DECIDES WHICH MECHANISM CAN BE INFERRED, STATED IN 1996: IN PRINCIPLE, THE ABBA TASK CANNOT BE SOLVED BY AN ANIMAL RELYING ONLY ON THE SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISM, WHEREAS THE STANDARD VERSION OF THE DMS TASK MIGHT BE SOLVED BY A MONKEY RELYING ON EITHER ENHANCEMENT OR SUPPRESSION. Twenty-three years before Steinmetz2019 retires go/nogo for the same reason Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[3] |
| sense | TWO MECHANISMS PULLING AGAINST EACH OTHER, AND AGAINST THE ANIMAL: BECAUSE THE SUPPRESSION MECHANISM BIASED RESPONSES IN FAVOR OF THE NONTARGET STIMULUS (THE ONLY UNIQUE STIMULUS IN THE TRIAL), IT WORKED AGAINST BOTH THE ENHANCEMENT MECHANISM AND, PRESUMABLY, THE ANIMAL'S GOAL IN THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[4] |
| sense | THE THREE EFFECTS DO NOT SHARE AN ANATOMY: REPETITION SUPPRESSION APPEARS TO BE AN INTRINSIC PROPERTY OF VISUAL CORTICAL AREAS SUCH AS INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX AND IS THOUGHT TO BE IMPORTANT FOR PERCEPTUAL LEARNING AND PRIMING - BY CONTRAST, ENHANCEMENT AND DELAY ACTIVITY MAY DEPEND ON FEEDBACK TO TEMPORAL CORTEX FROM PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND ARE THOUGHT TO BE IMPORTANT FOR WORKING MEMORY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[5] |
| sense | SUPPRESSION IS NOT ABOUT THE TASK AT ALL: REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS ALSO FOUND WHEN STIMULI ARE REPEATED DURING PASSIVE FIXATION AND IN MONKEYS UNDER ANESTHESIA - and in MONKEYS GIVEN SYSTEMIC SCOPOLAMINE, WHICH GREATLY IMPAIRS THEIR BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE IN THE DMS TASK. The effect survives the removal of the behavior it is supposed to serve Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[6] |
| sense | and the proposed reason recasts it as a by-product: REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS A BY-PRODUCT OF SHARPENING STIMULUS REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CORTEX Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | SEEING SOMETHING TWICE SHRINKS ITS REPRESENTATION: STIMULUS REPETITION LEADS TO A SMALLER POPULATIONS OF ACTIVATED CELLS, OR SMALLER STIMULUS REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CORTEX Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | and the change may not be temporary: A STUDY BY BROWN AND COLLEAGUES SUGGESTS THAT THESE EFFECTS MAY BE PERMANENT - PRESENTATION OF A SET OF STIMULI ON ONE DAY LEADS TO A REDUCED INCIDENCE OF CELLS ACTIVATED BY THOSE STIMULI ON A SUBSEQUENT DAY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | HALF THE CELLS SHOW NONE OF IT: FOR ABOUT HALF THE CELLS, RESPONSES TO THE TEST ITEMS WERE APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY ANY MNEMONIC ASPECT OF THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | A PARTIAL NULL, REPORTED AS ONE: IT DELAY ACTIVITY WAS NOT ELIMINATED DURING PREFRONTAL COOLING BUT IT BECAME LESS SELECTIVE. Not present-or-absent - the signal survived and lost its content Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| sense | THE REVIEW NAMES WHAT IT LEAVES OUT: THE TYPES OF MEMORIES NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE STRUCTURES, INCLUDING MEMORIES OF MORE COMPLEX BEHAVIORAL EVENTS, MAPS, SCENES, EPISODES, ETC., ARE NOT CONSIDERED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[12] |
| sense | and that its three mechanisms are a choice: WE HAVE CONSIDERED ONLY THREE SHORT-TERM MEMORY MECHANISMS IN THIS BRIEF REVIEW... THESE ARE HARDLY EXHAUSTIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[13] |
| sense | AND THE PART THE ACCOUNT CANNOT SUPPLY IS NAMED: THERE REMAINS ONE IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT FOR SOLVING THE DMS TASK THAT IS NOT ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE PROPERTIES OF IT NEURONS DESCRIBED SO FAR IN THIS REVIEW - NAMELY, A MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING THE MEMORY OF THE SAMPLE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[14] |
| sense | the task decomposed before any neuron is discussed: TO SOLVE THE DMS TASK THE MONKEY MUST, IN PRINCIPLE, SOLVE THREE PROBLEMS - DISCRIMINATE AMONG THE DIFFERENT STIMULI, RETAIN THE MEMORY OF THE SAMPLE, AND MAKE A DECISION ABOUT WHETHER THE CURRENT TEST STIMULUS MATCHES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[15] |
| sense | A PARTIAL NULL, REPORTED AS ONE: `IT delay activity was not eliminated during prefrontal cooling but it became less selective.` Not present-or-absent - the signal survived and lost its content. A result with no place on a binary outcome axis. [RECOVERED 2026-08-26 from facet_results_clean203.json, written for the retired id Desimone1996-neural-mechanisms-... and merged into this record; 42 of its 45 quote-bearing tags landed and this one did not, because the quote began `ster et al.` - `Fuster` cut in half. The gate refuses a mid-word slice, so it was correctly rejected and then lost.] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[16] |
| control | repetition suppression looked for outside the task entirely — held — rules out the effect being a product of the animal doing a memory task - REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS ALSO FOUND WHEN STIMULI ARE REPEATED DURING PASSIVE FIXATION AND IN MONKEYS UNDER ANESTHESIA Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| control | the same effect looked for under a drug that destroys the behavior — held — rules out the effect depending on successful performance - REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS ALSO FOUND IN MONKEYS GIVEN SYSTEMIC SCOPOLAMINE, WHICH GREATLY IMPAIRS THEIR BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE IN THE DMS TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[1] |
| control | prefrontal cortex cooled while recording in temporal cortex — partial — rules out delay activity in IT being generated there independently - IT DELAY ACTIVITY WAS NOT ELIMINATED DURING PREFRONTAL COOLING BUT IT BECAME LESS SELECTIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[2] |
| control | a task variant built so that one of the two mechanisms cannot solve it — held — rules out an ambiguity the standard task leaves open - IN PRINCIPLE, THE ABBA TASK CANNOT BE SOLVED BY AN ANIMAL RELYING ONLY ON THE SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISM Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[3] |
| control | prefrontal cortex cooled while recording in temporal cortex [RECOVERED 2026-08-26 from facet_results_clean203.json, written for the retired id Desimone1996-neural-mechanisms-... and merged into this record; 42 of its 45 quote-bearing tags landed and this one did not, because the quote began 'ster et al.' - 'Fuster' cut in half. The gate refuses a mid-word slice, so it was correctly rejected and then lost.] — partial Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out delay activity in IT being generated there independently of prefrontal input Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[4] |
| differs in | the view that attention is the gateway to memory — the direction of the dependence - MECHANISMS FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE SELECTION PROCESS THAT DETERMINES WHICH STIMULI... ARE ATTENDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| differs in | the standard delayed matching-to-sample design as evidence for a particular memory mechanism — which mechanisms the design leaves open - THE STANDARD VERSION OF THE DMS TASK MIGHT BE SOLVED BY A MONKEY RELYING ON EITHER ENHANCEMENT OR SUPPRESSION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| evidential status | Brown and colleagues, that repetition effects may be permanent — the paper's own hedge: SUGGESTS THAT THESE EFFECTS MAY BE PERMANENT Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| audit | memory —causes→ attention — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says attention derives in part from memory mechanisms; causes is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| note | memory —causes→ attention — the reversal: MECHANISMS FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE SELECTION PROCESS THAT DETERMINES WHICH STIMULI OF THE MANY STIMULI IN A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT ARE ATTENDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| audit | repetition suppression —causes→ priming — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but repetition suppression is thought important for priming; causes states a hypothesis. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| evidential status | repetition suppression —causes→ priming — SAME SENTENCE, SECOND EDGE: 'Repetition suppression ... IS THOUGHT TO BE important for perceptual learning and PRIMING.' One hedged review sentence supplies three 'causes' edges on this record ([3], [4] and [5]), and all three inherit its hedge. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| note | repetition suppression —causes→ priming — IS THOUGHT TO BE IMPORTANT FOR PERCEPTUAL LEARNING AND PRIMING Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| audit | delay activity —causes→ working memory — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but enhancement and delay activity 'are thought to be important' for working memory; hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| evidential status | delay activity —causes→ working memory — SAME SENTENCE, THIRD EDGE: 'By contrast, enhancement and DELAY ACTIVITY MAY DEPEND ON feedback' - the weakest clause of the three, carrying 'may depend on' rather than a reported result. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| note | delay activity —causes→ working memory — ENHANCEMENT AND DELAY ACTIVITY... ARE THOUGHT TO BE IMPORTANT FOR WORKING MEMORY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[5] |
| audit | prefrontal —causes→ delay activity — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but IT delay activity was reduced but not eliminated during prefrontal cooling; causes is loose. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| evidential status | prefrontal —causes→ delay activity — A PARTIAL NULL, AND THE EFFECT IS ON SELECTIVITY RATHER THAN PRESENCE: 'not eliminated ... but it became less selective'. Cooling did not abolish the activity, so prefrontal input is not necessary for delay activity to occur - only for it to carry the stimulus. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| note | prefrontal —causes→ delay activity — DIRECTION CORRECTED ON RECOVERY. The unmerged row read 'delay activity -causes-> prefrontal'. The experiment COOLED PREFRONTAL CORTEX and MEASURED IT DELAY ACTIVITY, so the manipulation is prefrontal and the readout is delay activity. The original arrow pointed from the readout to the manipulation. [RECOVERED 2026-08-26 from an internal file, written for the retired id Desimone1996-neural-mechanisms-... and merged into this record; 42 of its 45 quote-bearing tags landed and this one did not, because the quote began 'ster et al.' - 'Fuster' cut in half. The gate refuses a mid-word slice, so it was correctly rejected and then lost.] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| weight | prefrontal —causes→ delay activity — 0.5 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[10] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[1] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — partial | controls[2] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[3] |
| outcome | control — partial Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[4] |
| for which use | limitation — reading this as an account of memory rather than of STIMULUS MEMORY Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — the coverage of the review: WE HAVE CONSIDERED ONLY THREE SHORT-TERM MEMORY MECHANISMS IN THIS BRIEF REVIEW ... THESE ARE HARDLY EXHAUSTIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| for which use | limitation — reading 'IT neurons carry the memory signal' as a statement about IT neurons rather than about half of them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| for which use | limitation — the account of how the DMS task is solved: THERE REMAINS ONE IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT ... NOT ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE PROPERTIES OF IT NEURONS DESCRIBED SO FAR IN THIS REVIEW - NAMELY, A MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING THE MEMORY OF THE SAMPLE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | Only three short-term mechanisms are covered; long-term plasticity and perceptual learning are left out. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Hippocampal and medial temporal lobe memory (events, maps, scenes, episodes) is explicitly outside the scope. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The direct test of whether prefrontal feedback causes the IT match-enhancement effect has not been performed. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | the review declares what it excludes: THE TYPES OF MEMORIES NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE STRUCTURES, INCLUDING MEMORIES OF MORE COMPLEX BEHAVIORAL EVENTS, MAPS, SCENES, EPISODES, ETC., ARE NOT CONSIDERED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | and that the three are a selection - WE HAVE CONSIDERED ONLY THREE SHORT-TERM MEMORY MECHANISMS IN THIS BRIEF REVIEW, and THESE ARE HARDLY EXHAUSTIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | half the cells show none of it - FOR ABOUT HALF THE CELLS, RESPONSES TO THE TEST ITEMS WERE APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY ANY MNEMONIC ASPECT OF THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[5] |
| limitation | the mechanism that would complete the account is the one not established - THERE REMAINS ONE IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT FOR SOLVING THE DMS TASK THAT IS NOT ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE PROPERTIES OF IT NEURONS DESCRIBED SO FAR IN THIS REVIEW - NAMELY, A MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING THE MEMORY OF THE SAMPLE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[6] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | MEMORY WILL OFTEN DETERMINE THE WINNER OF THESE COMPETITIONS AND, THUS, WILL DETERMINE WHICH STIMULUS IS ATTENDED Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | IN PRINCIPLE, THE ABBA TASK CANNOT BE SOLVED BY AN ANIMAL RELYING ONLY ON THE SUPPRESSIVE MECHANISM, WHEREAS THE STANDARD VERSION OF THE DMS TASK MIGHT BE SOLVED BY A MONKEY RELYING ON EITHER ENHANCEMENT OR SUPPRESSION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | REPETITION SUPPRESSION IS ALSO FOUND WHEN STIMULI ARE REPEATED DURING PASSIVE FIXATION AND IN MONKEYS UNDER ANESTHESIA, and in MONKEYS GIVEN SYSTEMIC SCOPOLAMINE, WHICH GREATLY IMPAIRS THEIR BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | STIMULUS REPETITION LEADS TO A SMALLER POPULATIONS OF ACTIVATED CELLS, OR SMALLER STIMULUS REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CORTEX Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | FOR ABOUT HALF THE CELLS, RESPONSES TO THE TEST ITEMS WERE APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY ANY MNEMONIC ASPECT OF THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| finding | IT DELAY ACTIVITY WAS NOT ELIMINATED DURING PREFRONTAL COOLING BUT IT BECAME LESS SELECTIVE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[6] |
| finding | BECAUSE THE SUPPRESSION MECHANISM BIASED RESPONSES IN FAVOR OF THE NONTARGET STIMULUS, IT WORKED AGAINST BOTH THE ENHANCEMENT MECHANISM AND, PRESUMABLY, THE ANIMAL'S GOAL IN THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[7] |
| quantity | about half — the cells whose responses were UNAFFECTED BY ANY MNEMONIC ASPECT OF THE TASK Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| variable | repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| definition | repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | delay activity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| key-terms | repetition suppression, visual memory, neuron, response, novel, stimulus, priming, attention, repetition suppression, enhancement, delay activity, attention, memory, competition, IT, prefrontal, DMS, ABBA, priming, working memory, anesthesia, representation |
| concept | repetition priming — not defined in this paper's own words; THE BEHAVIOURAL EFFECT, DEFINED BY WHAT IMPROVES: 'experience with an item leads to faster and better performance when subjects are required to name or identify the item at a later time.' Faster AND better - the corpus holds records where it is only one of the two (sivroni2023 finds it in success rates and not response times in mice), so a definition naming both is worth having. Carried on the stub and absent from this record until now. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[17] |
| concept | visual memory — not defined in this paper's own words; THE PARADIGM IS NAMED IN THE SAME BREATH AS THE CONSTRUCT: 'Most neurophysiological studies of visual memory in primates have used some variation of the delayed matching-to-sample task.' A construct that is, in practice, whatever DMS measures - which is the same operational tie meyer1971 makes between association and the lexical decision task, and the same one Carlesimo2004 makes between implicit memory and what the test instructions do not mention. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[18] |
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