phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | closure of an epidermal wound by keratinocyte migration and proliferation from the wound edges— “Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area.” | |
| claim-type | method— “To our knowledge, we have efficaciously applied for the first time negative pressure (suction) to ex vivo human skin leading to the formation of typical blisters.” | |
| method — evidence | — “Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour.” | |
| research question — evidence | — “A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification.” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area.” | |
| mechanism | EACH SEPARATION METHOD DAMAGES A DIFFERENT THING, WHICH IS WHY NONE IS GENERAL: heat harms epidermis and dermis, chemicals disturb the electrolyte equilibrium, enzymes kill components - and mechanical force is chosen because it changes nothing chemically— “Simplicity of separation by inducing heat is accompanied by its damaging influence on both epidermis and dermis12. Chemical reagents disturb the electrolyte cellular equilibrium, or in case of enzymes, kill important components13,14.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | THE MODEL'S WHOLE POINT IS WHAT IT LEAVES INTACT: the basement membrane survives blister roof removal and no keratinocytes remain in the wound bed, so closure afterwards must come from the edges— “Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | EX VIVO IS SLOWER THAN IN VIVO AND THE PAPER SAYS WHY: culture lacks factors that arriving cells from the circulation would supply, and the dermal cells have been removed— “This was somewhat delayed compared to in vivo experiments41 and may be due to a deficiency of factors under culture conditions that are produced by newly arriving cells from the circulation in vivo and/or removal of the dermal cells.” | mechanisms[2] |
| sense | separation technique - THE PAPER TREATS THE CHOICE AS QUESTION-DEPENDENT RATHER THAN AS A RANKING: heat, chemicals, enzymes and mechanical force each damage something different, and which damage is acceptable depends on what is being asked— “Simplicity of separation by inducing heat is accompanied by its damaging influence on both epidermis and dermis12. Chemical reagents disturb the electrolyte cellular equilibrium, or in case of enzymes, kill important components13,14.” | senses[0] |
| sense | Re-epithelialization - epidermal regeneration completed by keratinocyte migration and differentiation— “To fully restore epidermal barrier function, a wound requires regeneration of the epidermis through wound re-epithelialization, where keratinocytes migrate and differentiate to complete this process1. Keratin 14 (K14) and K5 expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells2,3 are substituted by K1 and K10 when entering the terminal… | senses[1] |
| sense | wound re-epithelialization - epidermal regeneration in which keratinocytes migrate and differentiate— “To fully restore epidermal barrier function, a wound requires regeneration of the epidermis through wound re-epithelialization, where keratinocytes migrate and differentiate to complete this process1. Keratin 14 (K14) and K5 expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells2,3 are substituted by K1 and K10 when entering the terminal… | senses[2] |
| sense | terminal differentiation program - the differentiation transition in which basal K14/K5 are substituted by K1/K10— “To fully restore epidermal barrier function, a wound requires regeneration of the epidermis through wound re-epithelialization, where keratinocytes migrate and differentiate to complete this process1. Keratin 14 (K14) and K5 expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells2,3 are substituted by K1 and K10 when entering the terminal… | senses[3] |
| sense | Hemidesmosomes - basement-membrane attachments that loosen to permit keratinocyte migration— “To fully restore epidermal barrier function, a wound requires regeneration of the epidermis through wound re-epithelialization, where keratinocytes migrate and differentiate to complete this process1. Keratin 14 (K14) and K5 expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells2,3 are substituted by K1 and K10 when entering the terminal… | senses[4] |
| sense | desmosomes - cell-cell attachments that loosen to permit keratinocyte migration— “To fully restore epidermal barrier function, a wound requires regeneration of the epidermis through wound re-epithelialization, where keratinocytes migrate and differentiate to complete this process1. Keratin 14 (K14) and K5… | senses[5] |
| sense | epithelial wound regeneration - the main regenerative features the ex vivo model is said to recapitulate | senses[6] |
| sense | dermal efflux - movement inferred from dermal population decreases and their appearance in blister roof/fluid Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[7] |
| sense | suction blister fluid - one compartment in which populations absent from normal epidermis were detected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[8] |
| sense | MMP-9 - wound-edge factor proposed to detach basal keratinocytes and promote closure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[9] |
| sense | detaching basal keratinocytes - MMP-9-mediated release of basal keratinocytes from the basement membrane Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[10] |
| sense | wound closure - the repair outcome promoted by MMP-9-linked keratinocyte detachment and migration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[11] |
| sense | VEGF release - release reported to be increased by MMP-9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[12] |
| sense | angiogenesis - vascular growth promoted by MMP-9 and dependent on endothelial MMP-9 expression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[13] |
| sense | removal of dermal cells - loss introduced by suction blistering that might slow re-epithelialization Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[14] |
| sense | slight delay of re-epithelialization - the modest re-epithelialization slowdown the paper says may follow cell removal or absent incoming cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[15] |
| sense | Topical negative pressure - clinical negative-pressure treatment for difficult wounds Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[16] |
| sense | ideal wound healing environment - the local state attributed to increased flow, reduced bacterial colonization, and exudate removal Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[17] |
| control | the same suction applied to ex vivo thigh and arm skin, to show the method does not depend on the body site — absent-declared-unreported Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out that the re-epithelialization result is a property of abdominal skin, which is what was available - the paper says thigh and arm skin gave the same result and does not show it Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| audit | MMP-9 —causes→ VEGF release — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span says MMP-9 'has been reported' to increase VEGF release. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| note | MMP-9 —causes→ VEGF release — The review says MMP-9 'has been reported to increase' VEGF release; weight 0.9 preserves the attribution. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| weight | MMP-9 —causes→ VEGF release — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[1] |
| audit | MMP-9 —causes→ angiogenesis — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span says MMP-9 'has been reported' to promote angiogenesis. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| note | MMP-9 —causes→ angiogenesis — The review reports promotion and a prerequisite relation rather than presenting a new intervention; weight 0.9 preserves that status. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| weight | MMP-9 —causes→ angiogenesis — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | removal of dermal cells —causes→ slight delay of re-epithelialization — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says the removal MIGHT cause a slight delay; hedged. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| note | removal of dermal cells —causes→ slight delay of re-epithelialization — The paper says removal and/or absent incoming cells 'might cause' the delay; weight 0.7 preserves both modality and alternative causation. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | removal of dermal cells —causes→ slight delay of re-epithelialization — 0.7 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| audit | Topical negative pressure —causes→ ideal wound healing environment — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but attributed: the span says topical negative pressure 'is described as' beneficial. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| note | Topical negative pressure —causes→ ideal wound healing environment — The paper summarizes the clinical description of benefit through three named mechanisms; weight 0.9 marks that this is reported background rather than the paper's experiment. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| weight | Topical negative pressure —causes→ ideal wound healing environment — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| outcome | control — absent-declared-unreported Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| evidence status note | limitation — the quote carries SMALL-CAPS RENDERED AS LOWERCASE: the paper's “Nonetheless” opens a sentence and is staged as “nonetheless”. Verbatim against the staged text and harmless to the reading, but it is why the sentence looks like a comma splice. Confidence 0.85 under an earlier note of ours. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| limitation | EVERY EXPERIMENT SHOWN USES ABDOMINAL SKIN ONLY, stated by the authors in their own discussion Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Re-epithelialization in the model is slower than in vivo, which the paper attributes to missing culture factors and to the removal of dermal cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The model produces a differentiation pattern NOT seen in normal skin - DSG1 and CDSN in lower epidermal layers, read as premature cornification Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | No separation method is appropriate for all purposes, on the paper's own account - so the model is offered as one technique among several rather than as a replacement Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | The literature is described as large and yet lacking a standardised ex vivo model that leaves the dermal compartment undisrupted Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| concept | negative pressure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | basement membrane Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | blister roof Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | keratinocytes Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | re-epithelialization Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| concept | animal model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | separation technique Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[6] |
| concept | suction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | epidermis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[8] |
| concept | dermis Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| concept | abdominal skin Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[10] |
| concept | 3 R principle Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
| concept | cornification Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[12] |
| concept | wound re-epithelialization — not defined in this paper's own words; epidermal regeneration in which keratinocytes migrate and differentiate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[13] |
| concept | terminal differentiation program — not defined in this paper's own words; the differentiation transition in which basal K14/K5 are substituted by K1/K10 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[14] |
| concept | Hemidesmosomes — not defined in this paper's own words; basement-membrane attachments that loosen to permit keratinocyte migration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[15] |
| concept | desmosomes — not defined in this paper's own words; cell-cell attachments that loosen to permit keratinocyte migration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[16] |
| concept | epithelial wound regeneration — not defined in this paper's own words; the main regenerative features the ex vivo model is said to recapitulate Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[17] |
| concept | dermal efflux — not defined in this paper's own words; movement inferred from dermal population decreases and their appearance in blister roof/fluid Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[18] |
| concept | suction blister fluid — not defined in this paper's own words; one compartment in which populations absent from normal epidermis were detected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[19] |
| concept | MMP-9 — not defined in this paper's own words; wound-edge factor proposed to detach basal keratinocytes and promote closure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[20] |
| concept | detaching basal keratinocytes — not defined in this paper's own words; MMP-9-mediated release of basal keratinocytes from the basement membrane Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[21] |
| concept | wound closure — not defined in this paper's own words; the repair outcome promoted by MMP-9-linked keratinocyte detachment and migration Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[22] |
| concept | VEGF release — not defined in this paper's own words; release reported to be increased by MMP-9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[23] |
| concept | angiogenesis — not defined in this paper's own words; vascular growth promoted by MMP-9 and dependent on endothelial MMP-9 expression Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[24] |
| concept | removal of dermal cells — not defined in this paper's own words; loss introduced by suction blistering that might slow re-epithelialization Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[25] |
| concept | slight delay of re-epithelialization — not defined in this paper's own words; the modest re-epithelialization slowdown the paper says may follow cell removal or absent incoming cells Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[26] |
| concept | Topical negative pressure — not defined in this paper's own words; clinical negative-pressure treatment for difficult wounds Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[27] |
| concept | ideal wound healing environment — not defined in this paper's own words; the local state attributed to increased flow, reduced bacterial colonization, and exudate removal Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[28] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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